requests+BeautifulSoup詳解

時間 2019-11-17

標籤 requests+beautifulsoup requests beautifulsoup 詳解简体版

原文原文鏈接

簡介

Python標準庫中提供了：urllib、urllib二、httplib等模塊以供Http請求，可是，它的 API 太渣了。它是爲另外一個時代、另外一個互聯網所建立的。它須要巨量的工做，甚至包括各類方法覆蓋，來完成最簡單的任務。html

Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 許可證的基於Python開發的HTTP 庫，其在Python內置模塊的基礎上進行了高度的封裝，從而使得Pythoner進行網絡請求時，變得美好了許多，使用Requests能夠垂手可得的完成瀏覽器可有的任何操做。python

請求的方法

一、GET請求

# 一、無參數實例
 
import requests
 
ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
 
print ret.url
print ret.text
 
 
 
# 二、有參數實例
 
import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
 
print ret.url
print ret.text

二、POST請求

# 一、基本POST實例
 
import requests
 
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
 
print ret.text
 
 
# 二、發送請求頭和數據實例
 
import requests
import json
 
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
 
ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
 
print ret.text
print ret.cookies

三、其餘請求

requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs)
requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs)
requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.head(url, **kwargs)
requests.delete(url, **kwargs)
requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs)
requests.options(url, **kwargs)
 
# 以上方法均是在此方法的基礎上構建
requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)

請求的參數

常見參數

1  url
2  headers
3  cookies
4  params
5  data，傳請求體
        
        requests.post(
            ...,
            data={'user':'alex','pwd':'123'}
        )
        
        GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\n\r\nuser=alex&pwd=123
        
6  json，傳請求體
        requests.post(
            ...,
            json={'user':'alex','pwd':'123'}
        )
        
        GET /index http1.1\r\nhost:c1.com\r\nContent-Type:application/json\r\n\r\n{"user":"alex","pwd":123}
7 代理 proxies
    # 無驗證
        proxie_dict = {
            "http": "61.172.249.96:80",
            "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
        }
        ret = requests.get("https://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxie_dict)
        
    
    # 驗證代理
        from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
        
        proxyDict = {
            'http': '77.75.105.165',
            'https': '77.75.106.165'
        }
        auth = HTTPProxyAuth('用戶名', '密碼')
        
        r = requests.get("http://www.google.com",data={'xxx':'ffff'} proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
        print(r.text)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 文件上傳 files
    # 發送文件
        file_dict = {
            'f1': open('xxxx.log', 'rb')
        }
        requests.request(
            method='POST',
            url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
            files=file_dict
        )
        
9 認證 auth

    內部：
        用戶名和密碼，用戶和密碼加密，放在請求頭中傳給後臺。
        
            - "用戶:密碼"
            - base64("用戶:密碼")
            - "Basic base64("用戶|密碼")"
            - 請求頭：
                Authorization： "basic base64("用戶|密碼")"
        
    from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

    ret = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('wupeiqi', 'sdfasdfasdf'))
    print(ret.text)
    
10 超時 timeout 
    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1)
    # print(ret)

    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(5, 1))
    # print(ret)
    
11 容許重定向  allow_redirects
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False)
    print(ret.text)
    
12 大文件下載 stream
    from contextlib import closing
    with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r1:
    # 在此處理響應。
    for i in r1.iter_content():
        print(i)
        
13 證書 cert
    - 百度、騰訊 => 不用攜帶證書（系統幫你作了）
    - 自定義證書
        requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', cert="xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem")
        requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', cert=("xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem","xxx.xxx.xx.key"))
14 確認 verify =False

更多參數

def request(method, url, **kwargs):
    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.

    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
        to add for the file.
    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data
        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response

    Usage::

      >>> import requests
      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get')
      <Response [200]>
    """

參數列表

def param_method_url():
    # requests.request(method='get', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/')
    # requests.request(method='post', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/')
    pass


def param_param():
    # - 能夠是字典
    # - 能夠是字符串
    # - 能夠是字節（ascii編碼之內）

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水電費'})

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params="k1=v1&k2=水電費&k3=v3&k3=vv3")

    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=k2&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8'))

    # 錯誤
    # requests.request(method='get',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=水電費&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8'))
    pass


def param_data():
    # 能夠是字典
    # 能夠是字符串
    # 能夠是字節
    # 能夠是文件對象

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水電費'})

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data="k1=v1; k2=v2; k3=v3; k3=v4"
    # )

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data="k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4",
    # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    # )

    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # data=open('data_file.py', mode='r', encoding='utf-8'), # 文件內容是：k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4
    # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
    # )
    pass


def param_json():
    # 將json中對應的數據進行序列化成一個字符串，json.dumps(...)
    # 而後發送到服務器端的body中，而且Content-Type是 {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水電費'})


def param_headers():
    # 發送請求頭到服務器端
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水電費'},
                     headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}
                     )


def param_cookies():
    # 發送Cookie到服務器端
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'},
                     cookies={'cook1': 'value1'},
                     )
    # 也可使用CookieJar（字典形式就是在此基礎上封裝）
    from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
    from http.cookiejar import Cookie

    obj = CookieJar()
    obj.set_cookie(Cookie(version=0, name='c1', value='v1', port=None, domain='', path='/', secure=False, expires=None,
                          discard=True, comment=None, comment_url=None, rest={'HttpOnly': None}, rfc2109=False,
                          port_specified=False, domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path_specified=False)
                   )
    requests.request(method='POST',
                     url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
                     data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'},
                     cookies=obj)


def param_files():
    # 發送文件
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': open('readme', 'rb')
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 發送文件，定製文件名
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': ('test.txt', open('readme', 'rb'))
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 發送文件，定製文件名
    # file_dict = {
    # 'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf")
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    # files=file_dict)

    # 發送文件，定製文件名
    # file_dict = {
    #     'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf", 'application/text', {'k1': '0'})
    # }
    # requests.request(method='POST',
    #                  url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
    #                  files=file_dict)

    pass


def param_auth():
    from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

    ret = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('wupeiqi', 'sdfasdfasdf'))
    print(ret.text)

    # ret = requests.get('http://192.168.1.1',
    # auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    # ret.encoding = 'gbk'
    # print(ret.text)

    # ret = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/pass', auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass'))
    # print(ret)
    #


def param_timeout():
    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1)
    # print(ret)

    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(5, 1))
    # print(ret)
    pass


def param_allow_redirects():
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False)
    print(ret.text)


def param_proxies():
    # proxies = {
    # "http": "61.172.249.96:80",
    # "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
    # }

    # proxies = {'http://10.20.1.128': 'http://10.10.1.10:5323'}

    # ret = requests.get("http://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxies)
    # print(ret.headers)


    # from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
    #
    # proxyDict = {
    # 'http': '77.75.105.165',
    # 'https': '77.75.105.165'
    # }
    # auth = HTTPProxyAuth('username', 'mypassword')
    #
    # r = requests.get("http://www.google.com", proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
    # print(r.text)

    pass


def param_stream():
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', stream=True)
    print(ret.content)
    ret.close()

    # from contextlib import closing
    # with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r:
    # # 在此處理響應。
    # for i in r.iter_content():
    # print(i)


def requests_session():
    import requests

    session = requests.Session()

    ### 一、首先登錄任何頁面，獲取cookie

    i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")

    ### 二、用戶登錄，攜帶上一次的cookie，後臺對cookie中的 gpsd 進行受權
    i2 = session.post(
        url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
        data={
            'phone': "8615131255089",
            'password': "xxxxxx",
            'oneMonth': ""
        }
    )

    i3 = session.post(
        url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589623",
    )
    print(i3.text)

參數示例

官方文檔：http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#id4git

BeautifulSoup

BeautifulSoup是一個模塊，該模塊用於接收一個HTML或XML字符串，而後將其進行格式化，以後遍可使用他提供的方法進行快速查找指定元素，從而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素變得簡單。github

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
asdf
    <div class="title">
        <b>The Dormouse's story總共</b>
        <h1>f</h1>
    </div>
<div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
    <a  class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>,
    <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
    <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div>
ad<br/>sf
<p class="story">...</p>
</body>
</html>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
# 找到第一個a標籤
tag1 = soup.find(name='a')
# 找到全部的a標籤
tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a')
# 找到id＝link2的標籤
tag3 = soup.select('#link2')

安裝：json

pip3 install beautifulsoup4

使用示例：api

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

html_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
    ...
</body>
</html>
"""

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")

1. name，標籤名稱瀏覽器

# tag = soup.find('a')
# name = tag.name # 獲取
# print(name)
# tag.name = 'span' # 設置
# print(soup)

2. attr，標籤屬性服務器

# tag = soup.find('a')
# attrs = tag.attrs    # 獲取
# print(attrs)
# tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 設置
# tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 設置
# print(soup)

3. children,全部子標籤cookie

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.children

4. children,全部子子孫孫標籤網絡

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.descendants

5. clear,將標籤的全部子標籤所有清空（保留標籤名）

# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.clear()
# print(soup)

6. decompose,遞歸的刪除全部的標籤

# body = soup.find('body')
# body.decompose()
# print(soup)

7. extract,遞歸的刪除全部的標籤，並獲取刪除的標籤

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.extract()
# print(soup)

8. decode,轉換爲字符串（含當前標籤）；decode_contents（不含當前標籤）

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.decode()
# v = body.decode_contents()
# print(v)

9. encode,轉換爲字節（含當前標籤）；encode_contents（不含當前標籤）

# body = soup.find('body')
# v = body.encode()
# v = body.encode_contents()
# print(v)

10. find,獲取匹配的第一個標籤

# tag = soup.find('a')
# print(tag)
# tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# print(tag)

11. find_all,獲取匹配的全部標籤

# tags = soup.find_all('a')
# print(tags)

# tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1)
# print(tags)

# tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# # tags = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie')
# print(tags)


# ####### 列表 #######
# v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div'])
# print(v)

# v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister'])
# print(v)

# v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie'])
# print(v, type(v[0]))


# v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2'])
# print(v)

# v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2'])
# print(v)

# ####### 正則 #######
import re
# rep = re.compile('p')
# rep = re.compile('^p')
# v = soup.find_all(name=rep)
# print(v)

# rep = re.compile('sister.*')
# v = soup.find_all(class_=rep)
# print(v)

# rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*')
# v = soup.find_all(href=rep)
# print(v)

# ####### 方法篩選 #######
# def func(tag):
# return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id')
# v = soup.find_all(name=func)
# print(v)


# ## get,獲取標籤屬性
# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.get('id')
# print(v)

12. has_attr,檢查標籤是否具備該屬性

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.has_attr('id')
# print(v)

13. get_text,獲取標籤內部文本內容

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.get_text('id')
# print(v)

14. index,檢查標籤在某標籤中的索引位置

# tag = soup.find('body')
# v = tag.index(tag.find('div'))
# print(v)

# tag = soup.find('body')
# for i,v in enumerate(tag):
# print(i,v)

15. is_empty_element,是不是空標籤(是否能夠是空)或者自閉合標籤，

判斷是不是以下標籤：'br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta','spacer', 'link', 'frame', 'base'

# tag = soup.find('br')
# v = tag.is_empty_element
# print(v)

16. 當前的關聯標籤

# soup.next
# soup.next_element
# soup.next_elements
# soup.next_sibling
# soup.next_siblings

#
# tag.previous
# tag.previous_element
# tag.previous_elements
# tag.previous_sibling
# tag.previous_siblings

#
# tag.parent
# tag.parents

17. 查找某標籤的關聯標籤

# tag.find_next(...)
# tag.find_all_next(...)
# tag.find_next_sibling(...)
# tag.find_next_siblings(...)

# tag.find_previous(...)
# tag.find_all_previous(...)
# tag.find_previous_sibling(...)
# tag.find_previous_siblings(...)

# tag.find_parent(...)
# tag.find_parents(...)

# 參數同find_all

18. select,select_one, CSS選擇器

soup.select("title")

soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)")

soup.select("body a")

soup.select("html head title")

tag = soup.select("span,a")

soup.select("head > title")

soup.select("p > a")

soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)")

soup.select("p > #link1")

soup.select("body > a")

soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister")

soup.select("#link1 + .sister")

soup.select(".sister")

soup.select("[class~=sister]")

soup.select("#link1")

soup.select("a#link2")

soup.select('a[href]')

soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]')

soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]')

soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]')

soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]')


from bs4.element import Tag

def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child

tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator)
print(type(tags), tags)

from bs4.element import Tag
def default_candidate_generator(tag):
    for child in tag.descendants:
        if not isinstance(child, Tag):
            continue
        if not child.has_attr('href'):
            continue
        yield child

tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1)
print(type(tags), tags)

19. 標籤的內容

# tag = soup.find('span')
# print(tag.string)          # 獲取
# tag.string = 'new content' # 設置
# print(soup)

# tag = soup.find('body')
# print(tag.string)
# tag.string = 'xxx'
# print(soup)

# tag = soup.find('body')
# v = tag.stripped_strings  # 遞歸內部獲取全部標籤的文本
# print(v)

20.append在當前標籤內部追加一個標籤

# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(soup.find('a'))
# print(soup)
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.append(obj)
# print(soup)

21.insert在當前標籤內部指定位置插入一個標籤

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# tag.insert(2, obj)
# print(soup)

22. insert_after,insert_before 在當前標籤後面或前面插入

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('body')
# # tag.insert_before(obj)
# tag.insert_after(obj)
# print(soup)

23. replace_with 在當前標籤替換爲指定標籤

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj.string = '我是一個新來的'
# tag = soup.find('div')
# tag.replace_with(obj)
# print(soup)

24. 建立標籤之間的關係

# tag = soup.find('div')
# a = soup.find('a')
# tag.setup(previous_sibling=a)
# print(tag.previous_sibling)

25. wrap，將指定標籤把當前標籤包裹起來

# from bs4.element import Tag
# obj1 = Tag(name='div', attrs={'id': 'it'})
# obj1.string = '我是一個新來的'
#
# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.wrap(obj1)
# print(soup)

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.wrap(soup.find('p'))
# print(soup)

26. unwrap，去掉當前標籤，將保留其包裹的標籤

# tag = soup.find('a')
# v = tag.unwrap()
# print(soup)

更多參數官方：http://beautifulsoup.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/v4.4.0/

一大波"自動登錄"示例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests


# ############## 方式一 ##############
"""
# ## 一、首先登錄任何頁面，獲取cookie
i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict()

# ## 二、用戶登錄，攜帶上一次的cookie，後臺對cookie中的 gpsd 進行受權
i2 = requests.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
    data={
        'phone': "8615131255089",
        'password': "xxooxxoo",
        'oneMonth': ""
    },
    cookies=i1_cookies
)

# ## 三、點贊（只須要攜帶已經被受權的gpsd便可）
gpsd = i1_cookies['gpsd']
i3 = requests.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523",
    cookies={'gpsd': gpsd}
)

print(i3.text)
"""


# ############## 方式二 ##############
"""
import requests

session = requests.Session()
i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service")
i2 = session.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/login",
    data={
        'phone': "8615131255089",
        'password': "xxooxxoo",
        'oneMonth': ""
    }
)
i3 = session.post(
    url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523"
)
print(i3.text)

"""

抽屜新熱榜

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# ############## 方式一 ##############
#
# # 1. 訪問登錄頁面，獲取 authenticity_token
# i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 攜帶authenticity_token和用戶名密碼等信息，發送用戶驗證
# form_data = {
# "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1)
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "項目:%s(%s); 項目路徑:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)



# ############## 方式二 ##############
# session = requests.Session()
# # 1. 訪問登錄頁面，獲取 authenticity_token
# i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login')
# soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml')
# tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'})
# authenticity_token = tag.get('value')
# c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict()
# i1.close()
#
# # 1. 攜帶authenticity_token和用戶名密碼等信息，發送用戶驗證
# form_data = {
#     "authenticity_token": authenticity_token,
#     "utf8": "",
#     "commit": "Sign in",
#     "login": "wupeiqi@live.com",
#     'password': 'xxoo'
# }
#
# i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data)
# c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict()
# c1.update(c2)
# i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories')
#
# soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml')
# list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup')
#
# from bs4.element import Tag
#
# for child in list_group.children:
#     if isinstance(child, Tag):
#         project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1')
#         size_tag = child.find(name='small')
#         temp = "項目:%s(%s); 項目路徑:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, )
#         print(temp)

github

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml')
xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'})
xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value')

current_time = time.time()
i2 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif',
    params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'},
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    })

with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(i2.content)

captcha = input('請打開zhihu.gif文件，查看並輸入驗證碼：')
form_data = {
    "_xsrf": xsrf,
    'password': 'xxooxxoo',
    "captcha": 'captcha',
    'email': '424662508@qq.com'
}
i3 = session.post(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email',
    data=form_data,
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

i4 = session.get(
    url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36',
    }
)

soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml')
tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section')
nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string
print(nick_name)

知乎

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
import json
import base64

import rsa
import requests


def js_encrypt(text):
    b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB'
    der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der)

    pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der)
    v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk)
    value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'')
    value = value.decode('utf8')

    return value


session = requests.Session()

i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')
rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'")
v = re.search(rep, i1.text)
verification_token = v.group(1)

form_data = {
    'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'),
    'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'),
    'remember': False
}

i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin',
                  data=json.dumps(form_data),
                  headers={
                      'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
                      'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                      'VerificationToken': verification_token}
                  )

i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx')

print(i3.text)

博客園

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests


# 第一步：訪問登錄頁,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token，X_Anti_Forge_Code
# 一、請求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
# 二、請求方法:GET
# 三、請求頭:
#    User-agent
r1 = requests.get('https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
                 headers={
                     'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
                 },
                 )

X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0]
print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code)
# print(r1.cookies.get_dict())
# 第二步：登錄
# 一、請求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json
# 二、請求方法:POST
# 三、請求頭:
#    cookie
#    User-agent
#    Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html
#    X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984
#    X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78
#    X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest
# 四、請求體：
# isValidate:true
# username:15131252215
# password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d
# request_form_verifyCode:''
# submit:''
r2 = requests.post(
    'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json',
    headers={
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
        'Referer': 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html',
        'X-Anit-Forge-Code': X_Anti_Forge_Code,
        'X-Anit-Forge-Token': X_Anti_Forge_Token,
        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
    },
    data={
        "isValidate": True,
        'username': '15131255089',
        'password': 'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d',
        'request_form_verifyCode': '',
        'submit': ''
    },
    cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict()
)
print(r2.text)

拉勾網

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