存儲-磁盤
存儲-磁盤-分區-文件系統linux
磁盤--disklabel(分區表)--分區--文件系統--掛載，就能夠用了windows
分區表類型 LABEL-TYPE is one of: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, msdos, sun, loop
分區類型 PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
文件系統類型 FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs
分區標誌 FLAG is one of: boot, root, swap, hidden, raid, lvm, lba, hp-service, palo, prep, msftres, atvrecvcentos
gdisk的 partition types Command (? for help): l 0700 Microsoft basic data 0c01 Microsoft reserved 2700 Windows RE 3000 ONIE boot 3001 ONIE config 4100 PowerPC PReP boot 4200 Windows LDM data 4201 Windows LDM metadata 7501 IBM GPFS 7f00 ChromeOS kernel 7f01 ChromeOS root 7f02 ChromeOS reserved 8200 Linux swap 8300 Linux filesystem 8301 Linux reserved 8302 Linux /home 8400 Intel Rapid Start 8e00 Linux LVM a500 FreeBSD disklabel a501 FreeBSD boot a502 FreeBSD swap a503 FreeBSD UFS a504 FreeBSD ZFS a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID a580 Midnight BSD data a581 Midnight BSD boot a582 Midnight BSD swap a583 Midnight BSD UFS a584 Midnight BSD ZFS a585 Midnight BSD Vinum a800 Apple UFS a901 NetBSD swap a902 NetBSD FFS a903 NetBSD LFS a904 NetBSD concatenated a905 NetBSD encrypted a906 NetBSD RAID ab00 Apple boot af00 Apple HFS/HFS+ af01 Apple RAID af02 Apple RAID offline af03 Apple label af04 AppleTV recovery af05 Apple Core Storage be00 Solaris boot bf00 Solaris root bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z bf02 Solaris swap bf03 Solaris backup bf04 Solaris /var bf05 Solaris /home bf06 Solaris alternate se bf07 Solaris Reserved 1 bf08 Solaris Reserved 2 bf09 Solaris Reserved 3 bf0a Solaris Reserved 4 bf0b Solaris Reserved 5 c001 HP-UX data c002 HP-UX service ea00 Freedesktop $BOOT eb00 Haiku BFS ed00 Sony system partitio ed01 Lenovo system partit ef00 EFI System ef01 MBR partition scheme ef02 BIOS boot partition fb00 VMWare VMFS fb01 VMWare reserved fc00 VMWare kcore crash p fd00 Linux RAID fdisk的 partition types Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 -------------------------------------------------- root@cu-pve06:~# dpkg -L gdisk gdisk fdisk sgdisk sfdisk cgdisk cfdisk the text-mode interactive gdisk and the command-line sgdisk root@cu-pve06:~# dpkg -L util-linux fdisk sfdisk cfdisk sgdisk -v /dev/sdc parted /dev/sdj mklabel gpt parted -l root@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# sgdisk -v /dev/sdc No problems found. 4688430701 free sectors (2.2 TiB) available in 1 segments, the largest of which is 4688430701 (2.2 TiB) in size. root@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# parted /dev/sdj mklabel gpt root@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# parted -l
fdisk
gdisk
parted
g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
a toggle a bootable flag
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
[root@flt ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): x
Expert command (m for help): m
Command action
b move beginning of data in a partition
c change number of cylinders
d print the raw data in the partition table
e list extended partitions
f fix partition order
g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
h change number of heads
m print this menu
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
r return to main menu
s change number of sectors/track
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
Expert command (m for help): r
Command (m for help):
[root@test1 ~]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition
help [COMMAND] prints general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, a partition, or all devices
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information
(parted)
[root@xenserver-gqhoikav ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): help b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 1
下面的guid針對惟一的分區類型是同樣的，而第二行是針對每個惟一的分區而言的
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: CCF291F5-B031-4592-BB31-42433B899CAE
First sector: 2048 (at 1024.0 KiB)
Last sector: 8388641 (at 4.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000004
Partition name:
Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 2
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: D7C3ED47-1C8D-4441-A63D-B4738FBF33EF
First sector: 8390656 (at 4.0 GiB)
Last sector: 16777249 (at 8.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:
Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 3
Partition GUID code: E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 (Linux LVM)
Partition unique GUID: BBD06257-0A0F-424A-A5E3-9E6C01E35A36
First sector: 16779264 (at 8.0 GiB)
Last sector: 976773134 (at 465.8 GiB)
Partition size: 959993871 sectors (457.8 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): A9328BFA-2219-4AE0-93E6-A3FF865C62CB
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 6042 sectors (3.0 MiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 8388641 4.0 GiB 0700
2 8390656 16777249 4.0 GiB 0700
3 16779264 976773134 457.8 GiB 8E00
Command (? for help):
msdos分區表 三主一擴展api
gpt分區表 GUID Partition Table 全局惟一標識磁盤分區表 是一個實體硬盤的分區表的結構佈局的標準。它是可擴展固件接口（EFI）標準（被Intel用於替代我的計算機的BIOS）的一部分，被用於替代BIOS系統中的一32bits來存儲邏輯塊地址和大小信息的主開機紀錄（MBR）分區表。安全
不論是什麼操做系統，都是安裝在硬盤上的，所在就有相應的格式，這就是根本所在app
partition schema of ESXi,win,centos,xenserver,openfilerless
windows7的分區類型dom
centos6.5的分區類型ide
xenserver6.2的分區類型工具
esxi5.1的分區類型
openfiler2.99的分區類型
sgi irix www.sgi.com
ibm aix
*物理存儲介質（PhysicalStorageMedia）
指系統的物理存儲設備：磁盤，如：/dev/hda、/dev/sda等，是存儲系統最底層的存儲單元。
*物理卷（Physical Volume，PV）
指磁盤分區或從邏輯上與磁盤分區具備一樣功能的設備（如RAID），是LVM的基本存儲邏輯塊，但和基本的物理存儲介質（如分區、磁盤等）比較，卻包含有與LVM相關的管理參數。
分區與物理卷是不同的，把分區作成物理卷
/dev/sda3與pv
咱們的操做系統是靠磁盤分區信息表上的分區類型標誌來識別每個磁盤分區的類型，下面是常見的各類分區類型標誌，其中紅色和藍色是最經常使用的Windows系列操做系統所使用的分區類型，分區類型標誌位標誌與分區實際格式不符也是常見磁盤的故障，在數據恢復業務中會佔到1-2%的比例。
|
磁盤分區類型標誌
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|||
|
00
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空,DOS或Windows不容許使用,視爲非法
|
5C
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Priam Edisk
|
|
01
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FAT12
|
61
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Speed Stor
|
|
02
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XENIX root
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63
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GNU HURD or Sys
|
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03
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XENIX usr
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64
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Novell Netware
|
|
06
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FAT16 04 表示分區小於32M
|
65
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Novell Netware
|
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07
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HPFS / NTFS
|
70
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Disk Secure Mult
|
|
08
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AIX
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75
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PC/IX
|
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09
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AIX bootable
|
80
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Old Minix
|
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0A
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OS/2 Boot Manage
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81
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Minix/Old Linux
|
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0B
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Win95 FAT32
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82
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Linux swap
|
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0C
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Win95 FAT32
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83
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Linux
|
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0E
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Win95 FAT16
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84
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0s/2 hidden C:
|
|
0F
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Win95 Extended(大於 8GB)
|
85
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Linux extended
|
|
10
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OPUS
|
86
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NTFS volume set
|
|
11
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Hidden FAT12
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87
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NTFS volume set
|
|
12
|
Compaq diagmost
|
93
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Amoeba
|
|
16
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HiddenFAT16
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94
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Amoeba BBT
|
|
14
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Hidden FAT16<32MB
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A0
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IBM Thinkpad hidden
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17
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Hidden HPFS/NTFS
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A5
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BSD/386
|
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18
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AST Windows swap
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A6
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Open BSD
|
|
1B
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Hidden FAT32
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A7
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NextSTEP
|
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1C
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Hidden FAT32 partition
(using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions)
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B7
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BSDI fs
|
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B8
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BSDI swap
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||
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1E
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Hidden LBA VFAT partition
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BE
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Solaris boot partition
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24
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NEC DOS
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C0
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DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partition
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3C
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Partition Magic
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C1
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DRDOS/sec
|
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40
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Venix 80286
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C4
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DRDOS/sec
|
|
41
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PPC Perp Boot
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C6
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DRDOS/sec
|
|
42
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NTFS動態分區
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C7
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Syrinx
|
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4D
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QNX4.x
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DB
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CP/M/CTOS
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4E
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QNX4.x 2nd part
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E1
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DOS access
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4F
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QNX4.x 3rd part
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E3
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DOS r/0
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50
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OnTrack DM
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E4
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Speedstor
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51
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OnTrack DM6 Aux
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EB
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BeoS fs
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52
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CP/M
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F1
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SpeedStor
|
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53
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OnTrack DM6 Aux
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F2
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DOS 3.3+secondary partition
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54
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OnTrack DM6
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F4
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SpeedStor
|
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55
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EZ-Drive
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FE
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LAN step
|
|
56
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Golden Bow
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FF
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BBT
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Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1
(parted) help mkpart
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5, amufs4, amufs3, amufs2,
amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1, affs0
START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%. Negative values count from the end of the disk. For example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector.
'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition. FS-TYPE may be specified to set an appropriate partition ID.
(parted) quit
esx5.1的分區
/vmfs/device目錄很重要
~ # esxcli storage core device list t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Display Name: Local ATA Disk (t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0) Has Settable Display Name: true Size: 476940 Device Type: Direct-Access Multipath Plugin: NMP Devfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Vendor: ATA Model: ST500DM002-1BD14 Revision: KC45 SCSI Level: 5 Is Pseudo: false Status: on Is RDM Capable: false Is Local: true Is Removable: false Is SSD: false Is Offline: false Is Perennially Reserved: false Queue Full Sample Size: 0 Queue Full Threshold: 0 Thin Provisioning Status: unknown Attached Filters: VAAI Status: unknown Other UIDs: vml.01000000002020202020202020202020205a33544659364830535435303044 Is Local SAS Device: false Is Boot USB Device: false
~ # esxcli storage core device partition list
Device Partition Start Sector End Sector Type Size
------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------------ ---------- ---- ------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 0 0 976773168 0 500107862016
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 1 64 8192 0 4161536
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 2 1843200 10229760 6 4293918720
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 3 10229760 976773135 fb 494870208000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 5 8224 520192 6 262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 6 520224 1032192 6 262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 7 1032224 1257472 fc 115326976
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 8 1257504 1843200 6 299876352
esx5.0版沒有showguid
~ # esxcli storage core device partition showguid
Device Partition Layout GUID
------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------ --------------------------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 0 GPT 00000000000000000000000000000000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 1 GPT c12a7328f81f11d2ba4b00a0c93ec93b
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 2 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 3 GPT aa31e02a400f11db9590000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 5 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 6 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 7 GPT 9d27538040ad11dbbf97000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 8 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
esx5.0的硬件
~ # esxcli storage core adapter list
HBA Name Driver Link State UID Description
-------- --------- ---------- ------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
vmhba0 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba0 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba32 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba32 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba33 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba33 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba34 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba34 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba35 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba35 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba36 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba36 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba37 iscsi_vmk online iscsi.vmhba37 iSCSI Software Adapter
lvm備份信息 /etc/lvm目錄
/dev/disk目錄也很重要
[root@xenserver-flt backup]# ll total 8 -rw------- 1 root root 3904 May 21 16:46 VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db -rw------- 1 root root 3558 Sep 18 16:02 VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f [root@xenserver-flt backup]# less VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db [root@xenserver-flt ~]# xe vm-list uuid ( RO) : c34d6c6d-3f33-c073-25f5-1f4bbdf65ccf name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_template power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 4c34d88d-d6fa-e706-cede-f60ec3f5da00 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _Mail power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 31f0faa0-29cd-4054-973d-81349762fda4 name-label ( RW): Control domain on host: xenserver-flt power-state ( RO): running uuid ( RO) : a69506ea-e8fa-0a9b-a0de-409c6da7f370 name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_SVN power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 1c16616b-099a-0400-b4d3-a36277b45fba name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5(FILE) power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 2edccca8-b608-f06a-b210-f6abcd9e75d2 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _template power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 6beb4fca-7b93-d9fb-bcd2-dad6354738e4 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit)(OA) power-state ( RO): halted [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f PV Size 465.76 GB / not usable 8.10 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 119232 Free PE 67406 Allocated PE 51826 PV UUID jn47SO-hAXu-ASKy-BwBh-iJtq-GmCb-lDCsxj [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 107 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 7 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 465.75 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 119232 Alloc PE / Size 51826 / 202.45 GB Free PE / Size 67406 / 263.30 GB VG UUID 3TNxBp-PtAk-Xxia-6aIq-BTzI-oT1Y-GFx2ex [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID KaL8Bh-XpuX-G9Cq-SXUr-Pn7A-DDve-sepHWB LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 1024 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-509e25fc-f708-4849-9ed6-393235f3b611 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID Ze9gvg-Re7Z-v71E-RzJx-oU8U-aWuc-KkThsL LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-826741c7-5064-45c0-810d-ddbfc2a7f8ea VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID heNU6V-95tA-me2v-O73u-4bI8-1h1J-ydp3bO LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 50.11 GB Current LE 12827 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4d6c90eb-13b5-4f12-9115-b0609b62074a VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID YKudqI-ldHa-bhK4-jRYn-UBIu-kGAu-WxtVyM LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4674802b-6ef0-415f-b4d5-933b056deea1 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID gXlbQ5-tr0G-s7ja-dk68-PcIY-nfrC-1EGC8Q LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-8be06a30-e705-44b4-8f6f-8f96d242090d VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID WPuQVw-aNNz-Oqiz-D92J-gU0S-dkL5-kM2zga LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-3bf8e4f3-6ca0-4b99-960c-9db6bc2d5a66 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID 4F7Bya-D96U-nftP-13He-1tJR-dG6Q-mIMvg9 LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto [root@xenserver-flt mapper]#
win7安裝界面若是出現不能安裝到這個磁盤時，大多數狀況下是本磁盤是一個gpt,須要轉換成mbr，或者相反。 在選擇分區界面，按下SHIFT+F10調出cmd命令提示符 diskpart help list disk select disk 0 clean convert mbr convert gpt list partition 創建EFI分區及系統安裝分區 create partition efi size=100 創建efi分區 create partition msr size=128 創建msr分區（若是引導mac系統的話） create partition primary size=50000 list partition format fs=ntfs quick
diskgenuis轉換mbr爲gpt
GPT分區表創建完成後，接着新建分區，會有以下選擇：
1.若是你的電腦BIOS設置中有EFI這選項，就選擇」ESP分區「；
2.若是你的電腦BIOS設置中沒有這選項，就選擇」MSR分區「，
接下來本身建立分區，若是裝系統不行，就還原到原來的MBR分區表。
GPT分區表能夠建立多個主分區，但沒有一個分區是表示活動的。
MSR分區
MSR分區（Microsoft Reserved Partition，縮寫MSR）即Microsoft 保留 (MSR) 分區。是每一個 在GUID 分區表 (GPT) 上的 Windows操做系統（windows7以上）都要求的分區。
MSR 分區的大小會因 GPT 磁盤的大小不一樣而發生變化。對於小於 16 GB 的磁盤，MSR 分區爲 32 MB。對於大於 16 GB 的磁盤，MSR 分區爲 128 MB。MSR 分區在「磁盤管理」中不可見，用戶也沒法在 MSR 分區上存儲或刪除數據。
ESP分區
EFI系統分區，即 EFI system partition，簡寫爲 ESP。ESP 是一個 FAT16 或 FAT32 格式的物理分區，可是其分區標識是 EF (十六進制) 而很是規的 0E 或 0C，所以，該分區在 Windows 操做系統下通常是不可見的。支持 EFI 模式的電腦須要從 ESP 啓動系統，EFI 固件可從 ESP 加載 EFI 啓動程序或者應用
EFI 規範規定 ESP 使用 FAT 格式。儘管這種老舊的格式有不少侷限性，但也不算一無可取。尤爲開發者來講，系統中有個 FAT32 分區是很好的，由於常用多個系統，包括 Windows、Linux、FreeBSD，而這些系統都能安全地訪問 FAT 分區，所以，能夠把各個系統的啓動相關的文件包括啓動管理程序等放到 ESP 裏，並且，這也方便在一個系統中去修改另外一個系統的啓動文件，至少能夠把 ESP 看成各個系統的公共交換空間。
ESP是一個獨立於操做系統以外的分區，操做系統被引導以後，就再也不依賴它。這使得 ESP 很是適合用來存儲那些系統級的維護性的工具和數據，好比：引導管理程序、驅動程序、系統維護工具、系統備份等，甚至能夠在 ESP 裏安裝一個特殊的操做系統（SlaTaz Linux? PuppyLinux? Win PE?）。
儘管 ESP 分區是一個 FAT 格式的分區，但它的分區標識倒是一個特別的標識(EF)，EFI 規範的這一規定使得 ESP 在 Windows 下通常是不可見的，起碼，對通常的 Windows 用戶來講，這是一塊「沒法訪問」的隱藏起來的區域。這意味什麼？咱們能夠利用這個特色作什麼？
咱們不妨先回顧下其它煞費苦心地劃分特殊分區以達到特殊目的的一些技術或方案。許多品牌機會在硬盤裏劃分一個特殊的隱藏的分區，用以存放系統恢復鏡像等文件，可利用該分區「一鍵」恢復系統。無憂論壇上提到了UD隱藏分區，在磁盤上劃分一塊未使用的空白區域，用於存儲引導文件甚至PE系統。除了這些，應該還有一些相似的東西，它們的目標其實都是爲了維護或恢復系統，通常來講，木馬和病毒不會破壞這些分區裏的文件，普通用戶也不會觸及它們，使得它們相對來講是安全的。可是，它們的用戶其實只是普通的 Windows 使用者，其它操做系統的用戶，以及稍懂點技術的 Windows 用戶，很是不肯意見到那些「多餘」的分區，相信許多人都會把那些分區刪除了吧？不過，ESP 呢？與說起的那些技術相比，ESP 也能夠看做是一個特殊的分區，它有何特別？
首先，EFI 規範要求有 ESP，既然是強制的，那咱們不妨拿它多作點事，而不是去刪除它。其次，與上面說起的那些技術相比，ESP 也能夠看作是一個安全的隱藏的分區，這使得咱們徹底可使用 ESP 來替代那些技術，咱們能夠把引導管理程序、系統維護工具、系統恢復工具及鏡像等放到 ESP，能夠本身打造「一鍵恢復系統」，等等。並且，不只能夠本身進行 DIY，還要更方便、更通用。再者，ESP 是個標準的 FAT 分區，所以與上面說起的那些技術不一樣，ESP 在「隱藏」的同時並無失去可訪問性，無論你用什麼操做系統，都是能夠安全地訪問它的（後面講），因此，ESP 毫不會是「多餘」的，相反，它頗有用。
EFI拋棄了存貯在ROM上的方式，其文件系統存儲在硬盤獨立劃定的區域內。EFI的英文全稱是Extensible Firmware Interface，中文名是可擴展固件接口，早在2006年的上半年，Intel曾經在IDF上進行過EFI的演示。要使用EFI系統，必須主板和操做系統都支持EFI功能，目前支持EFI功能的操做系統有Mac OS X、Vista和Server 2003。EFI是以小型磁盤分區的形式存放在硬盤上的。EFI的安裝，必須在支持EFI功能的主板上，使用光驅引導系統，而後對磁盤進行EFI化的處理，這個處理的過程，主要就是劃分EFI獨用的磁盤空間。EFI的存儲空間大約爲50MB到100MB，具體視驅動文件多少而定。在這部分空間中，包含如下幾個部分：1. Pre-EFI初始化模塊2. EFI驅動執行環境3. EFI驅動程序4. 兼容性支持模塊（CSM）5. EFI高層應用6. GUID 磁盤分區
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