四周第一次課(4月11日)
4.10/4.11/4.12 lvm講解
4.13 磁盤故障小案例node準備磁盤分區
fdisk /dev/sdb
n 建立三個新分區,分別1G
t 改變分區類型爲8ecentos準備物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sdb1
pvcreate /dev/sdb2
pvcreate /dev/sdb3bashpvdisplay/pvs 列出當前的物理卷
pvremove /dev/sdb3 刪除物理卷服務器準備卷組
vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
vgdisplay /vgs列出卷組
vgremove vg1 刪除物理卷app建立邏輯卷
lvcreate -L 200M -n lv1 vg1
lvdisplay 列出邏輯卷
格式化mkfs.xfs /dev/vg1/lv1,再掛載
lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1 刪除邏輯卷ide擴容邏輯卷
lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/lv1 從新設置卷大小
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 檢查磁盤錯誤 (ext4執行)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 更新邏輯卷信息(ext4執行)
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1 xfs文件系統須要執行spa縮減邏輯卷(xfs不支持 )
先umount
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 檢查磁盤錯誤(ext)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M 更新邏輯卷信息(ext)
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 從新設置卷大小插件擴展卷組
fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(邏輯分區8e) 2G
pvcreate /dev/sdb5
vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 從新設置卷大小code
1.建立物理分區;
2.物理分區設置成物理卷;
3.物理卷設置成卷組;
4.卷組劃分紅邏輯卷,
5.而後再格式化,掛載orm
先建立3個分區,在分區的時候按建立分區,按t設置分區類型8e 爲lvm;最後按w保存退出。
命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p 分區號 (1-4,默認 1): 起始 扇區 (2048-20971519,默認爲 2048): 將使用默認值 2048 Last 扇區, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519,默認爲 20971519):+1G 分區 1 已設置爲 Linux 類型,大小設爲 1 GiB 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):p 磁盤 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字節,20971520 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標籤類型:dos 磁盤標識符:0xaf7cf105 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):t 已選擇分區 1 Hex 代碼(輸入 L 列出全部代碼):8e 已將分區「Linux」的類型更改成「Linux LVM」 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):p 磁盤 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字節,20971520 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標籤類型:dos 磁盤標識符:0xaf7cf105 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p 分區號 (2-4,默認 2): 起始 扇區 (2099200-20971519,默認爲 2099200): 將使用默認值 2099200 Last 扇區, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519,默認爲 20971519):+1G 分區 2 已設置爲 Linux 類型,大小設爲 1 GiB 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):t 分區號 (1,2,默認 2): Hex 代碼(輸入 L 列出全部代碼):8e 已將分區「Linux」的類型更改成「Linux LVM」 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):p 磁盤 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字節,20971520 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標籤類型:dos 磁盤標識符:0xaf7cf105 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): Using default response p 分區號 (3,4,默認 3): 起始 扇區 (4196352-20971519,默認爲 4196352): 將使用默認值 4196352 Last 扇區, +扇區 or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519,默認爲 20971519):+1G 分區 3 已設置爲 Linux 類型,大小設爲 1 GiB 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):t 分區號 (1-3,默認 3): Hex 代碼(輸入 L 列出全部代碼):8e 已將分區「Linux」的類型更改成「Linux LVM」 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):p 磁盤 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字節,20971520 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標籤類型:dos 磁盤標識符:0xaf7cf105 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM 命令(輸入 m 獲取幫助):w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. 正在同步磁盤。
[root@yong-01 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb 磁盤 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字節,20971520 個扇區 Units = 扇區 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇區大小(邏輯/物理):512 字節 / 512 字節 I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字節 / 512 字節 磁盤標籤類型:dos 磁盤標識符:0xaf7cf105 設備 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM
須要安裝命令:pvcreate
小知識:若是隻知道命令,不知道這個命令是那個包安裝的,可使用命令:yum provides /*/[命令] 來查找命令是那個包安裝的。
[root@yong-01 ~]# yum provides /*/pvcreate 已加載插件:fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 129 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:02 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 486 kB 00:00:00 updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.1 MB 00:00:01 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch : Programmable completion for Bash 源 :base 匹配來源: 文件名 :/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pvcreate 7:lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64 : Userland logical volume management tools 源 :base 匹配來源: 文件名 :/usr/sbin/pvcreate
lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64 這個就是包名。
[root@yong-01 ~]# yum install -y lvm2
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1 ##若是沒有生成/dev/sdb1這個文件 須要運行partprobe這個命令 /dev/sdb1 [root@yong-01 ~]# partprobe
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1. Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. [root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created. [root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3 Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda3 VG Name centos PV Size 17.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4557 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 4557 PV UUID QKR4ER-jzMu-4zPP-NLgf-bjo3-RzrU-GrPErX "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name PV Size 1.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID ZRaePR-7gty-X2xy-cGpx-7oau-nC33-gbcefq "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb2 VG Name PV Size 1.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID FdaGe0-oF2j-pJeE-3pcq-PAyW-In9e-amjuzN "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb3 VG Name PV Size 1.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID Kns3x0-s0f6-fyEg-3WzD-B6Pe-zSUh-eyGXZd
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda3 centos lvm2 a-- 17.80g 0 /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g /dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g /dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg1 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 1.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 510 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GiB VG UUID RC1vHd-zh2h-JifL-yGDO-QNTi-5AcO-eag05L --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 2 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 17.80 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4557 Alloc PE / Size 4557 / 17.80 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID 15vFgO-fUbn-cndJ-6gMv-NyVd-DmVX-VwtTix
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 1 0 wz--n- 17.80g 0 vg1 2 0 0 wz--n- 1.99g 1.99g
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1 Logical volume "lv1" created.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1 LV Name lv1 VG Name vg1 LV UUID k8cYdq-wwBa-0xvr-mrMh-AfuX-4PoO-M4RMqF LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time yong-01, 2018-04-10 23:19:23 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 100.00 MiB Current LE 25 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID LrXsni-9dmO-H5L7-ChI4-Hvzk-dPQs-kg1FKu LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-03-06 20:09:23 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 17.80 GiB Current LE 4557 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 [root@yong-01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m
[root@yong-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1 mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 文件系統標籤= OS type: Linux 塊大小=1024 (log=0) 分塊大小=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 25688 inodes, 102400 blocks 5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一個數據塊=1 Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504 13 block groups 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 1976 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 Allocating group tables: 完成 正在寫入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt [root@yong-01 ~]# df -h 文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點 /dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% / devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 93M 1.6M 85M 2% /mnt
[root@yong-01 mnt]# mkdir 1122 [root@yong-01 mnt]# touch 23.txt [root@yong-01 mnt]# ls 1122 23.txt lost+found [root@yong-01 mnt]# echo "sadq" > 23.txt [root@yong-01 mnt]# cat 23.txt sadq
[root@yong-01 mnt]# umount -l /mnt
[root@yong-01 mnt]# lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/lv1 New size (50 extents) matches existing size (50 extents).
[root@yong-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 第一步: 檢查inode,塊,和大小 第二步: 檢查目錄結構 第3步: 檢查目錄鏈接性 Pass 4: Checking reference counts 第5步: 檢查簇概要信息 /dev/vg1/lv1: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8898/102400 blocks
[root@yong-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 204800 (1k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 204800 blocks long.
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt [root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt 1122 23.txt lost+found [root@yong-01 ~]# cat /mnt/23.txt sadq [root@yong-01 ~]# df -h 文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點 /dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% / devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /mnt
擴容以前建立的文件還存在,說明擴容不影響以前的文件。
[root@yong-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@yong-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 第一步: 檢查inode,塊,和大小 第二步: 檢查目錄結構 第3步: 檢查目錄鏈接性 Pass 4: Checking reference counts 第5步: 檢查簇概要信息 /dev/vg1/lv1: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11886/204800 blocks
[root@yong-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 102400 (1k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 102400 blocks long.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents). Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
查看信息
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 200.00m
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt/ [root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt [root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt 1122 23.txt lost+found
並不會因縮容致使文件丟失
[root@yong-01 ~]# umount /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/lv1 meta-data=/dev/vg1/lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=12800 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=51200, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 200.00m
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt [root@yong-01 ~]# touch /mnt/yyl.txt [root@yong-01 ~]# echo "aaa" > /mnt/yyl.txt [root@yong-01 ~]# cat /mnt/yyl.txt aaa
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 300 /dev/vg1/lv1 Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 300.00 MiB (75 extents). Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 300.00m
4.xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1; xfs文件系統須要執行
[root@yong-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1 meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=12800 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=51200, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 51200 to 76800 [root@yong-01 ~]# df -h 文件系統 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點 /dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% / devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 297M 11M 287M 4% /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3 Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 1 0 wz--n- 17.80g 0 vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- <2.99g <2.70g
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 100.00 MiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 300.00 MiB (75 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents). Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m
磁盤故障 多半是由於磁盤掛載出現問題