LNMP架構搭建詳細部署
LNMP簡介
LNMP表明的就是：Linux系統下Nginx+MySQL+PHP這種網站服務器架構。php
Linux是一類Unix計算機操做系統的統稱，是目前最流行的免費操做系統。表明版本有：debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。html
Nginx是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器，也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服務器。mysql
Mysql是一個小型關係型數據庫管理系統。linux
PHP是一種在服務器端執行的嵌入HTML文檔的腳本語言。nginx
這四種軟件均爲免費、高效、擴展性強的網站服務系統。sql
| IP | 系統 | 須要安裝的程序 |
|---|---|---|
| 192.168.47.12 | centos7 | NGINX MYSQL PHP |
環境準備
關閉防火牆以SELINUX
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# sed -ri 's/(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# setenforce 0
1.安裝nginx
建立系統用戶
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# groupadd -r nginx
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx
配置yum源
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@yanyinglai3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@yanyinglai3 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@yanyinglai3 yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@yanyinglai3 yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
安裝依賴環境
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# yum -y groups install 'Development Tools'
建立日誌存放目錄
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
下載nginx
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai3 src]#[root@yanyinglai3 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# ls
debug kernels nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
編譯安裝
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# tar xf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# cd nginx-1.14.0
[root@yanyinglai3 nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-debug \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_realip_module \
> --with-http_image_filter_module \
> --with-http_gunzip_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@yanyinglai3 nginx-1.14.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
配置變量環境
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
啓動nginx
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# nginx
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
2. 安裝mysql
安裝依賴包
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
建立用戶和組
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
下載二進制格式的mysql軟件包
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yanyinglai3 src]#wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
解壓軟件至/usr/local/
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.14.0
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# ls /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec nginx share
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin src
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@yanyinglai3 local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[root@yanyinglai3 local]# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 8月 25 19:06 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 8月 25 19:04 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 8月 25 18:35 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 7月 30 17:17 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 src
修改目錄/usr/locaal/mysql的屬主屬組
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 8月 25 19:06 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
添加環境變量
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
創建數據存放目錄
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@yanyinglai3 mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@yanyinglai3 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@yanyinglai3 mysql]# ll /opt/
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月 25 19:12 data
初始化數據庫
[root@yanyinglai3 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
//這個命令的最後會生成一個臨時密碼，此處密碼是#Ysf:iDUu37J
配置mysql
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ldconfig -v
生成配置文件
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
配置服務啓動腳本
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
啓動mysql
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/yanyinglai3.err'.
. SUCCESS!
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 47944 1 0 19:31 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 48122 47944 1 19:31 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yanyinglai3.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 48154 1705 0 19:32 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysq
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
修改密碼
使用臨時密碼修改
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
3 安裝php
安裝依賴包
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel
下載php
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /usr/src
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
編譯安裝php
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.14.0 php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[root@yanyinglai3 src]# cd php-7.2.8
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> --with-curl \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-gd \
> --with-gettext \
> --with-iconv-dir \
> --with-kerberos \
> --with-libdir=lib64 \
> --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
> --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
> --with-openssl \
> --with-pcre-regex \
> --with-pdo-mysql \
> --with-pdo-sqlite \
> --with-pear \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-xmlrpc \
> --with-xsl \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
> --with-bz2 \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-bcmath \
> --enable-libxml \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --enable-mbregex \
> --enable-mbstring \
> --enable-opcache \
> --enable-pcntl \
> --enable-shmop \
> --enable-soap \
> --enable-sockets \
> --enable-sysvsem \
> --enable-xml \
> --enable-zip
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# make install
安裝後配置
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Aug 25 2018 20:34:32) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
配置php-fpm
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@yanyinglai3 php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
編輯php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）
配置fpm的相關選項爲你所須要的值:
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# vi /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同時50個進程提供50個併發服務
pm.start_servers = 5 //啓動時啓動5個進程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空閒進程數
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空閒進程數
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
啓動php-fpm
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# ps -ef|grep php
root 69346 1 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 69347 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69348 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69349 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69350 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69351 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 69354 1705 0 21:03 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
4.配置nginx
編輯nginx配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，主要修改nginx的server {}配置塊中的內容，修改location塊，追加index.php讓nginx服務器默認支持index.php爲首頁：
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm//在此處添加 index.php;
}
而後配置.php請求被傳送到後端的php-fpm模塊，默認狀況下php配置塊是被註釋的，此時去掉註釋並修改成如下內容：
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
//搜索找到\.php$ 在{}裏面添加以上內容
這裏面不少都是默認的，root是配置php程序放置的根目錄，主要修改的就是fastcgi_param中的/scripts爲$document_root
測試PHP程序
在nginx下的html目錄下建立test.php文件並打印配置php
[root@yanyinglai3 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@yanyinglai3 nginx]# ls
client_body_temp fastcgi_temp logs sbin uwsgi_temp
conf html proxy_temp scgi_temp
[root@yanyinglai3 nginx]# cd html/
[root@yanyinglai3 html]# touch test.php
[root@yanyinglai3 html]# cat > test.php << EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
驗證
打開瀏覽器輸入 192.168.47.12/test.php進行訪問，看到輸出頁面，說明nginx和php都配置成功了
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