CentOS下創建本地YUM源並自動更新

 1.          儘管有不少的免費鏡像提供yum源服務，可是仍是有必要創建本身的yum服務器，主要出於如下幾點考慮：

l  網絡速度：訪問互聯網可能比較慢

l  節省帶寬：若是有大量的服務器，架設本身的yum源能夠有效節省互聯網帶寬

l  聯網限制：對於有些內網服務器，不能鏈接到互聯網

l  對於RHEL（Redhat Enterprise Linux），須要購買服務

l  便於發佈本身開發的rpm包

 

2.          找到適合你的站點的yum同步源,主要是CentOS標準軟件倉庫、epel、以及rpmforge

CentOS標準倉庫選擇列表 Asian： http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=32 North American http://www.centos.org/modules/tinycontent/index.php?id=30   Epel源選擇列表 http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/EPEL/   Rpmforge源 http://apt.sw.be/   要選儘可能離你的local服務器近的地區,並支持RSYNC,方便更新同步 我選擇的是Linux Kernel Archives CentOS標準軟件倉庫 rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/centos   Epel源 rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel   Rpmforge源 rsync://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag rsync://mirror.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/dag

 

3.          編寫同步腳本，根據需求進行自動同步

[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_yum_source.sh

#!/bin/bash   #========================================== # Program   : update_yum_source.sh # Info      : 按期同步官方 yum 源到本機 # Version   : 2013.03.05    First Release #==========================================   Date=`date +%Y%m%d` LogFile="/tmp/update_yum_source.log" CentOSTrunkVer="5" CentOSCurrentVer="5.9"   RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync" RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=debug/  --exclude=isos/" CentOS_Trunk_Ver_Path="/servers/yum_update/$CentOSTrunkVer" CentOS_Current_Ver_Path="/servers/yum_update/$CentOSCurrentVer" YumSiteList="rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/centos"     echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile   # centos 5 $RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $YumSiteList/$CentOSTrunkVer/ \ $CentOS_Trunk_Ver_Path/ >> $LogFile   # centos 5.9 $RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $YumSiteList/$CentOSCurrentVer/ \ $CentOS_Current_Ver_Path/  >> $LogFile   echo  "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile

[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_epel_source.sh

#!/bin/bash   #========================================== # Program   : update_epel_source.sh # Info      : 按期同步官方 epel 源到本機 # Version   : 2013.03.05    First Release #==========================================   Date=`date +%Y%m%d` LogFile="/tmp/update_epel_source.log"   RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync" RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=4/ --exclude=4AS/ --exclude=4ES/  --exclude=4WS/  --exclude=6/  --exclude=testing/"   #============ epel ============== epelSite="rsync://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora-epel" epelLocalPath="/servers/epel"   echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile   # epel $RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $epelSite $epelLocalPath >> $LogFile   echo  "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile

[root@cc-system-manager1 bin]# vi update_rpmforge_socure.sh

#!/bin/bash   #========================================== # Program   : update_rpmforge_source.sh # Info      : 按期同步官方 rpmforge 源到本機 # Version   : 2013.03.05    First Release #==========================================   Date=`date +%Y%m%d` LogFile="/tmp/update_rpmforge_source.log"   RsyncBin="/usr/bin/rsync" RsyncPerm="-avrt --delete --exclude=i386/  --exclude=ppc/ --exclude=source/"     # rpmforge #rpmforgeSite="rsync://apt.sw.be/redhat/el5/en/" rpmforgeSite="rsync://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/dag/redhat/el5/en/" rpmforgeLocalPath="/servers/rpmforge"   echo "---- $Date `date +%T` Begin ----" >>$LogFile   # rpmforge $RsyncBin $RsyncPerm $rpmforgeSite $rpmforgeLocalPath >> $LogFile   echo  "---- $Date `date +%T` End ----" >> $LogFile

 

4.         在apache的配置文件裏作好相應的軟鏈接或者修改主目錄指向

cd /var/www/html/ ln -s /servers/yum_update/ yum ln -s /servers/epel epel ln -s /servers/rpmforge rpmforge

 

5.          分別建立3個repo的配置文件，指向本地源所在的服務器，注意目錄

[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi CentOS-Base.repo

[base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #packages used/produced in the build but not released [addons] name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/addons/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5   #contrib - packages by Centos Users [contrib] name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/yum/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

 

[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi epel.repo

[epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL   [epel-debuginfo] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch - Debug baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/$basearch/debug failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL gpgcheck=1   [epel-source] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - $basearch - Source baseurl=http://172.25.6.8/epel/5/SRPMS failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL gpgcheck=1

 

[root@cc-monitor yum.repos.d]# vi rpmforge.repo

[rpmforge] name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/rpmforge enabled = 1 protect = 0 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge gpgcheck = 1   [rpmforge-extras] name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - extras baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/extras enabled = 0 protect = 0 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge gpgcheck = 1   [rpmforge-testing] name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - testing baseurl = http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/$basearch/testing enabled = 0 protect = 0 gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge gpgcheck = 1

 

6.          檢查gpg key是否完整

[root@cc-monitor ~]# ll /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/ total 24 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1512 Apr 25  2010 RPM-GPG-KEY-beta -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1504 Apr 25  2010 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1698 Apr 15  2012 RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL   若是缺乏gpg key能夠用rpm導入 #在本地yum源服務器 wget http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt mv RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge   #在須要yum安裝的客戶端執行 rpm --import http://172.25.6.8/rpmforge/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge

 

7.         測試三種Yum源是否可行

#狀況緩存 [root@cc-monitor ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning up Everything   #列出可用的倉庫一共有22465的可用包 [root@cc-monitor ~]# yum repolist repo id          repo name                 status addons          enabled:      0          CentOS-5 - Addons                                                                         base            enabled:  3,641           CentOS-5 - Base                                                                           epel            enabled:  7,244           Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64                                            extras          enabled:    266           CentOS-5 - Extras                                                                        rpmforge        enabled: 11,158           RHEL 5 - RPMforge.net - dag                                                               updates         enabled:    156           CentOS-5 - Updates                                                                        repolist: 22,465     測試CentOS標準軟件倉庫 [root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install nspr nspr-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nspr.i386 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated ---> Package nspr.x86_64 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated ---> Package nspr-devel.i386 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated ---> Package nspr-devel.x86_64 0:4.9.2-2.el5_9 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution   測試epel [root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:0.8.55-2.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: nginx --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: nginx --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: nginx --> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: nginx --> Running transaction check ---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.4.8-1.el5 set to be updated ---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.33-9.4.el5_4.2 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: pkgconfig for package: gd --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.17-4.el5_8.3 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.5-3 set to be updated ---> Package pkgconfig.x86_64 1:0.21-2.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution   測試rpmforge [root@cc-monitor ~]# yum install htop Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile rpmforge                                                                                                                              Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package htop.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el5.rf set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

 

參考資料

http://salogs.com/2010/04/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AEyum%E6%BA%90%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%8E%E5%85%AC%E7%BD%91%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0/