BGP的同步規則:學習自IBGP鄰居的路由在進入IGP路由表或者被宣告給BGP對等體以前,必須首先經過IGP來知曉該路由,下面經過實驗進行分析。ide
如上圖:oop
R1與R2之間是EBGP鄰居關係,R2和R3之間是IBGP鄰居關係,而R1通告1.1.1.1/32的路由,R3通告3.3.3.3/32的路由,基礎配置略,當R2的同步開啓的時候(高版本的IOS默認狀況下同步是關閉的),查看R1、R2的路由狀況;學習
R1#show ip bgpspa
BGP table version is 2, local router ID is 1.1.1.1code
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,router
r RIB-failure, SStalexml
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incompleteblog
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Pathip
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i路由
R2#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 6, local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 0 10 i
* i3.3.3.3/32 23.1.1.2 0 100 0 i
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRPexternal, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA externaltype 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-ISsummary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area,* - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodicdownloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted,1 subnets
B 1.1.1.1 [20/0] via12.1.1.1, 00:05:15
2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted,1 subnets
C 2.2.2.2 is directlyconnected, Loopback0
23.0.0.0/30 is subnetted,1 subnets
C 23.1.1.0 is directlyconnected, Serial1/0
12.0.0.0/30 is subnetted,1 subnets
C 12.1.1.0 is directlyconnected, FastEthernet0/0
R1並無收到3.3.3.3/32的路由,而R2收到3.3.3.3/32的路由,可是不是最優的,只是可用,而且R2上的IGP表中沒有3.3.3.3/32的路由,這是因爲BGP的同步規則,在同步開啓的狀況下,從IBGP學到的路由是不會傳遞給他的EBGP鄰居的,除非IGP路由信息中有該路由;
如今R2上配置一條靜態路由3.3.3.3/32,下一跳指向R3,以下:
R2(config)#ip route3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 23.1.1.2
如今再次查看R2及R1的BGP路由狀況
R2#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 8, local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 0 10 i
r>i3.3.3.3/32 23.1.1.2 0 100 0 i
R1#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 12.1.1.2 0 23 i
R2上的3.3.3.3/32路由成爲最優的,而且R1上收到了3.3.3.3/32的路由,而且也是最優的。
所以驗證了,從IBGP鄰居學到的路由,除非也從IGP學習到該路由,不然不會把該路由裝載到BGP路由表中,也不會傳遞給他的EBGP鄰居。
上述狀況是在R2同步開啓的狀況下,現將R2的同步關閉,並刪除配置的靜態路,配置以下:
R2(config)#no ip route 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 23.1.1.2 R2(config)#router bgp 23 R2(config-router)#no synchronization
R2#clear ip bgp *
清除鄰居以後,再次查看R2及R1的BGP路由狀況:
R2#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 3, local router ID is 2.2.2.2
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 0 10 i
*>i3.3.3.3/32 23.1.1.2 0 100 0 i
R1#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 1.1.1.1
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 1.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 12.1.1.2 0 23 i
R3#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 9, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 10 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
R3收到1.1.1.1/32的路由不優,下一跳是12.1.1.1,在R3上該下一跳地址是不可達的。現採起下面兩種方式,而後再次來查看BGP路由狀況;
如今R3上配置靜態路由:
R3(config)#ip route 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 23.1.1.1 或者 R2(config)#router bgp 23 R2(config-router)#neighbor 23.1.1.2 next-hop-self
再次查看R3的BGP路由狀況:
R3#show ip bgp
BGP table version is 10, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best,i - internal,
r RIB-failure, SStale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i1.1.1.1/32 12.1.1.1 0 100 0 10 i
*> 3.3.3.3/32 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
從上述輸出可知,當BGP同步關閉,而且IGP表中沒有3.3.3.3/32的路由狀況下,從IBGP學到的路由,能夠傳遞給EBGP鄰居,可是在R3上看見1.1.1.1/32的路由並非最優的,其緣由是下一跳不可達,當配置靜態路由或者針對R3修改IBGP的下一跳時,1.1.1.1/32就變成最優的路由。
所以驗證了,若是不是通告IGP學到的路由,或者下一跳不可達,從IBGP鄰居學到的路由是不會裝載至BGP路由表的。