最近收到小夥伴的一個吐槽:「項目裏的某個函數是同步阻塞的,沒法肯定其運行時間,某些狀況下,可能出現長時間阻塞致使應用沒法響應」。爲了解決這個問題,他嘗試過用子線程+定時器的方式去異步處理,若是超時,則從新調用,但該函數會被頻繁調用,意味着每次調用都要建立一個定時器。聽到這個場景後,下意識想起以前看到的一篇文章:時間輪片(Timing Wheel)實現心跳機制。該文章主要描述了使用時間輪片的方式去處理TCP心跳鏈接,從而避免每一個鏈接都要開啓一個計時器。明確了時間輪片方式的優點後,便嘗試着手實現一個通用的基於時間輪片方式處理超時任務的框架。git
圖片來源簡單來講,時間輪就是一個循環列表,每一個列表中包含一個稱爲槽的結構,這個結構一般也能夠是一個列表,且每隔必定時間就會將指針向前移動。github
可使用一個嵌套數組的形式來定義時間輪結構,並用定時器去定時遍歷列表中的元素。swift
class TimeWheel {
private var capacity: Int
private var interval: TimeInterval
private var timeWheel: [[Any]]
var index: Int
private var timer: Timer?
weak var delegate: TimeWheelDelegate?
}
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init(_ capacity: Int, _ interval: TimeInterval) {
self.capacity = capacity
self.interval = interval
self.index = 0
timeWheel = []
for _ in 0 ..< capacity { //先填充空數組,建立若干個「空槽」
self.timeWheel.append([])
}
}
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func addObject(_ task: Any) {
if timer == nil {
timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval: 1.0, target: self, selector: #selector(detectTimeoutItem(_:)), userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
RunLoop.current.add(timer!, forMode: .common)
}
if index < timeWheel.count {
var arr = timeWheel[index]
arr.append(task)
timeWheel[index] = arr
}
}
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@objc
private func detectTimeoutItem(_ timer: Timer) {
moveToNextTimeSlot()
delegate?.timeoutItems(self.currentObjects(), self)
removeExpiredObjects()
}
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完整代碼api
protocol TimeWheelDelegate : class {
func timeoutItems(_ items: [Any]?, _ timeWheel: TimeWheel)
}
class TimeWheel {
private var capacity: Int
private var interval: TimeInterval
private var timeWheel: [[Any]]
var index: Int
private var timer: Timer?
weak var delegate: TimeWheelDelegate?
init(_ capacity: Int, _ interval: TimeInterval) {
self.capacity = capacity
self.interval = interval
self.index = 0
timeWheel = []
for _ in 0 ..< capacity { //先填充空數組,建立若干個「空槽」
self.timeWheel.append([])
}
}
func addObject(_ task: Any) {
if timer == nil {
timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval: 1.0, target: self, selector: #selector(detectTimeoutItem(_:)), userInfo: nil, repeats: true)
RunLoop.current.add(timer!, forMode: .common)
}
if index < timeWheel.count {
var arr = timeWheel[index]
arr.append(task)
timeWheel[index] = arr
}
}
func currentObjects() -> [Any]? {
if index < timeWheel.count {
return timeWheel[index]
}
return nil
}
func cleanup() {
self.timeWheel.removeAll()
if timer != nil {
timer?.invalidate()
timer = nil
}
}
private func removeExpiredObjects() {
if index < timeWheel.count {
var arr = timeWheel[index]
arr.removeAll()
}
}
private func moveToNextTimeSlot() {
index = (index + 1) % timeWheel.count
}
@objc
private func detectTimeoutItem(_ timer: Timer) {
moveToNextTimeSlot()
delegate?.timeoutItems(self.currentObjects(), self)
removeExpiredObjects()
}
}
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protocol Task {
associatedtype T
func taskKey() -> String //任務對應的惟一key,用於區分任務
func doTask() -> T // 實現任務行爲
var completion: ((_ result: T?, _ timeout: Bool) -> Void)? {get set} //返回的異步結果
}
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Task
class NetworkTask: Task {
typealias T = String
var completion: ((String?, Bool) -> Void)?
var hostName: String
init(_ name: String) {
hostName = name
}
func taskKey() -> String {
return hostName
}
func doTask() -> String {
Thread.sleep(forTimeInterval: Double.random(in: 1...20)) //模擬耗時任務
return "\(hostName)'s result"
}
}
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爲了保證任務的獨立容許,須要建立一個併發隊列,且使用字典存儲已添加的任務,以便確認任務是按時完成回調的,仍是超時致使回調的。數組
class TaskManager<T: Task> : TimeWheelDelegate {
private var timeWheel: TimeWheel?
private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
private var timeoutSeconds: Int
private var queue: DispatchQueue
private var callbackDict: Dictionary<String, T>
init(_ timeout: Int, _ timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
timeoutSeconds = timeout
self.timeInterval = timeInterval
queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.task.queue", qos: .default, attributes: .concurrent, autoreleaseFrequency: .workItem, target: nil)
callbackDict = [:]
}
}
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func appendTask(_ task: T, _ completion:@escaping (_ result: T.T?, _ timeout: Bool) -> (Void)) {
if timeWheel == nil {
timeWheel = TimeWheel(timeoutSeconds, timeInterval)
timeWheel?.delegate = self
}
var task = task
task.completion = completion
self.callbackDict[task.taskKey()] = task
self.timeWheel?.addObject(task) //將任務添加到對應的時間輪槽位中
self.queue.async {
let result = task.doTask()
DispatchQueue.main.async { //保證數據的一致性
let key = task.taskKey()
if let item = self.callbackDict[key] {
item.completion?(result, false) //返回按時完成任務的結果
self.callbackDict.removeValue(forKey: key)
}
}
}
}
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func timeoutItems(_ items: [Any]?, _ timeWheel: TimeWheel) {
if let callbacks = items {
for callback in callbacks {
if let item = callback as? T, let task = self.callbackDict[item.taskKey()] {
task.completion?(nil, true)
self.callbackDict.removeValue(forKey: task.taskKey())
}
}
}
}
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完整代碼併發
class TaskManager<T: Task> : TimeWheelDelegate {
private var timeWheel: TimeWheel?
private var timeInterval: TimeInterval
private var timeoutSeconds: Int
private var queue: DispatchQueue
private var callbackDict: Dictionary<String, T>
init(_ timeout: Int, _ timeInterval: TimeInterval) {
timeoutSeconds = timeout
self.timeInterval = timeInterval
queue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.task.queue", qos: .default, attributes: .concurrent, autoreleaseFrequency: .workItem, target: nil)
callbackDict = [:]
}
func appendTask(_ task: T, _ completion:@escaping (_ result: T.T?, _ timeout: Bool) -> (Void)) {
if timeWheel == nil {
timeWheel = TimeWheel(timeoutSeconds, timeInterval)
timeWheel?.delegate = self
}
var task = task
task.completion = completion
self.callbackDict[task.taskKey()] = task
self.timeWheel?.addObject(task) //將任務添加到對應的時間輪槽位中
self.queue.async {
let result = task.doTask()
DispatchQueue.main.async { //保證數據的一致性
let key = task.taskKey()
if let item = self.callbackDict[key] {
item.completion?(result, false) //返回按時完成任務的結果
self.callbackDict.removeValue(forKey: key)
}
}
}
}
func timeoutItems(_ items: [Any]?, _ timeWheel: TimeWheel) {
if let callbacks = items {
for callback in callbacks {
if let item = callback as? T, let task = self.callbackDict[item.taskKey()] {
task.completion?(nil, true)
self.callbackDict.removeValue(forKey: task.taskKey())
}
}
}
}
}
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定義任務超時時間爲10s,並每1s進行檢查一次。這裏加了一個隨機時間添加任務,以便測試到時間輪不一樣輪的狀況。app
let manager = TaskManager<NetworkTask>(10, 1)
for i in 0 ..< 5 {
let task = NetworkTask("host-\(i)")
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now()+Double.random(in: 0...20.0)) {
print("task:\(task.hostName) do task in \(Date.init())")
manager.appendTask(task) { (result, timeout) -> (Void) in
print("task:\(task.hostName), result:\(result ?? "null"), timeout:\(timeout), time:\(Date.init())")
}
}
}
結果數據:
task:host-4 do task in 2020-03-19 11:56:46 +0000
task:host-1 do task in 2020-03-19 11:56:47 +0000
task:host-2 do task in 2020-03-19 11:56:56 +0000
task:host-4, result:null, timeout:true, time:2020-03-19 11:56:56 +0000
task:host-1, result:null, timeout:true, time:2020-03-19 11:56:56 +0000
task:host-2, result:host-2's result, timeout:false, time:2020-03-19 11:57:01 +0000
task:host-3 do task in 2020-03-19 11:57:03 +0000
task:host-0 do task in 2020-03-19 11:57:03 +0000
task:host-0, result:host-0's result, timeout:false, time:2020-03-19 11:57:09 +0000
task:host-3, result:null, timeout:true, time:2020-03-19 11:57:12 +0000
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根據結果,能夠看到,若任務10s內能按時完成,則返回對應的任務結果,不然返回timeout
爲true
,並返回一個空結果。框架
經過此次的事例,實現一個基於時間輪方式來處理超時任務的簡單框架,從必定程度上避免了性能的消耗。dom
demo異步