DB太大？一鍵幫你收縮全部DB文件大小（Shrink Files for All Databases in SQL Server）

時間 2019-12-15

標籤太大一鍵幫你收縮全部文件大小 shrink files databases sql server 欄目 SQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

本文介紹一個簡單的SQL腳本，實現收縮整個Microsoft SQL Server實例全部非系統DB文件大小的功能。html

做爲一個與SQL每天打交道的程序猿，常常會遇到DB文件太大，把空間佔滿的狀況：sql

而對於開發測試人員來講，若是DB數據不是特別重要的話，不會特地擴大磁盤空間，而是直接利用SQL的Shrink File功能縮小DB文件大小，詳見：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/databases/shrink-a-file。數據庫

這裏介紹一個腳本，支持一鍵收縮整個SQL Server實例上全部非系統DB文件大小。函數

腳本支持功能和相關邏輯以下：學習

五個系統DB（master、model、msdb、tempdb、Resource）不會執行Shrink File操做；
若是DB的Recovery Model是FULL或者BULK_LOGGED，會自動改爲SIMPLE，Shrink File操做後再改回原來的；
只會對DB狀態爲ONLINE的DB進行Shrink File操做；
DB的全部文件，包括數據文件和日誌文件都會被執行收縮操做（Shrink Database Data Files & Shrink Database Log Files）；
執行SQL腳本的用戶須要有sysadmin或者相關數據庫的DBO權限。

腳本以下：測試

 1 -- Created by Bob from http://www.cnblogs.com/lavender000/
 2 use master
 3 DECLARE dbCursor CURSOR for select name from [master].[sys].[databases] where state = 0 and is_in_standby = 0;
 4 DECLARE @dbname NVARCHAR(255)
 5 DECLARE @recoveryModel NVARCHAR(255)
 6 DECLARE @tempTSQL NVARCHAR(255)
 7 DECLARE @dbFilesCursor CURSOR
 8 DECLARE @dbFile NVARCHAR(255)
 9 DECLARE @flag BIT
10 
11 OPEN dbCursor
12 FETCH NEXT FROM dbCursor INTO @dbname
13 
14 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
15 BEGIN
16     if((@dbname <> 'master') and (@dbname <> 'model') and (@dbname <> 'msdb') and (@dbname <> 'tempdb') and (@dbname <> 'Resource'))
17     begin
18         print('')
19         print('Database [' + @dbname + '] will be shrinked log...')
20         SET @flag = 1
21         SET @recoveryModel = (SELECT recovery_model_desc FROM sys.databases WHERE name = @dbname)
22         if((@recoveryModel = 'FULL') or (@recoveryModel = 'BULK_LOGGED'))
23         begin
24             SET @tempTSQL = (select CONCAT('ALTER DATABASE [', @dbname, '] SET RECOVERY SIMPLE with no_wait'))
25             EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
26             if (@@ERROR = 0)
27             begin
28                 print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model has been changed to ''SIMPLE''.')
29                 SET @flag = 1
30             end
31             else
32             begin
33                 print('Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model failed to be changed to ''SIMPLE''.')
34                 SET @flag = 0
35             end
36         end
37 
38         if(@flag = 1)
39         begin
40             SET @tempTSQL = (select CONCAT('use [', @dbname, ']'))
41             EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL            
42             SET @dbFilesCursor = CURSOR for select sys.master_files.name from sys.master_files, [master].[sys].[databases] where databases.name = @dbname and databases.database_id = sys.master_files.database_id
43             open @dbFilesCursor
44             FETCH NEXT FROM @dbFilesCursor INTO @dbFile
45             WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
46             BEGIN
47                 SET @tempTSQL = (select CONCAT('use [', @dbname, '] DBCC SHRINKFILE (N''', @dbFile, ''') with NO_INFOMSGS'))
48                 EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
49                 if(@@ERROR = 0)    print('        Database file [' + @dbFile + '] has been shrinked log successfully.')
50                 FETCH NEXT FROM @dbFilesCursor INTO @dbFile
51             END
52             CLOSE @dbFilesCursor
53             DEALLOCATE @dbFilesCursor
54 
55             if(@recoveryModel <> 'SIMPLE')
56             begin
57                 -- Finally changed back
58                 SET @tempTSQL = (select CONCAT('ALTER DATABASE [', @dbname, '] SET RECOVERY ', @recoveryModel, ' with no_wait'))
59                 EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
60                 if (@@ERROR = 0)
61                 begin
62                     print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model has been changed back to ''' + @recoveryModel + '''')
63                 end
64                 else 
65                 begin
66                     print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model failed to be changed back to ''' + @recoveryModel + '''')
67                 end
68             end
69         end
70     end
71 FETCH NEXT FROM dbCursor INTO @dbname
72 END
73 
74 CLOSE dbCursor
75 DEALLOCATE dbCursor

執行完效果以下：ui

Note：spa

若是不放心使用，可提早備份相關數據庫；
使用前請仔細閱讀腳本支持功能和相關邏輯，如與本身需求不符，請不要使用該腳本，或者請根據本身需求自行修改腳本；
腳本爲簡易腳本，僅用於測試學習，可能有BUG，不可生產環境使用，若有錯誤，請留言。

更新：該腳本在SQL Server 2008R2上執行可能會報以下錯誤：日誌

'CONCAT' is not a recognized built-in function name.code

因爲腳本中使用了CONCAT函數，該函數是TSQL在SQL Server 2012中新引入的函數，具體詳見：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/concat-transact-sql。

所以若是想在SQL Server 2012如下版本中使用的話須要把CONCAT函數改爲string +方法，具體以下：

 1 -- Created by Bob from http://www.cnblogs.com/lavender000/
 2 use master
 3 DECLARE dbCursor CURSOR for select name from [master].[sys].[databases] where state = 0 and is_in_standby = 0;
 4 DECLARE @dbname NVARCHAR(255)
 5 DECLARE @recoveryModel NVARCHAR(255)
 6 DECLARE @tempTSQL NVARCHAR(255)
 7 DECLARE @dbFilesCursor CURSOR
 8 DECLARE @dbFile NVARCHAR(255)
 9 DECLARE @flag BIT
10 
11 OPEN dbCursor
12 FETCH NEXT FROM dbCursor INTO @dbname
13 
14 WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
15 BEGIN
16     if((@dbname <> 'master') and (@dbname <> 'model') and (@dbname <> 'msdb') and (@dbname <> 'tempdb') and (@dbname <> 'Resource'))
17     begin
18         print('')
19         print('Database [' + @dbname + '] will be shrinked log...')
20         SET @flag = 1
21         SET @recoveryModel = (SELECT recovery_model_desc FROM sys.databases WHERE name = @dbname)
22         if((@recoveryModel = 'FULL') or (@recoveryModel = 'BULK_LOGGED'))
23         begin
24             SET @tempTSQL = ('ALTER DATABASE [' + @dbname + '] SET RECOVERY SIMPLE with no_wait')
25             EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
26             if (@@ERROR = 0)
27             begin
28                 print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model has been changed to ''SIMPLE''.')
29                 SET @flag = 1
30             end
31             else
32             begin
33                 print('Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model failed to be changed to ''SIMPLE''.')
34                 SET @flag = 0
35             end
36         end
37 
38         if(@flag = 1)
39         begin
40             SET @tempTSQL = ('use [' + @dbname + ']')
41             EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL            
42             SET @dbFilesCursor = CURSOR for select sys.master_files.name from sys.master_files, [master].[sys].[databases] where databases.name = @dbname and databases.database_id = sys.master_files.database_id
43             open @dbFilesCursor
44             FETCH NEXT FROM @dbFilesCursor INTO @dbFile
45             WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
46             BEGIN
47                 SET @tempTSQL = ('use [' + @dbname + '] DBCC SHRINKFILE (N''' + @dbFile + ''') with NO_INFOMSGS')
48                 EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
49                 if(@@ERROR = 0)    print('        Database file [' + @dbFile + '] has been shrinked log successfully.')
50                 FETCH NEXT FROM @dbFilesCursor INTO @dbFile
51             END
52             CLOSE @dbFilesCursor
53             DEALLOCATE @dbFilesCursor
54 
55             if(@recoveryModel <> 'SIMPLE')
56             begin
57                 -- Finally changed back
58                 SET @tempTSQL = ('ALTER DATABASE [' + @dbname + '] SET RECOVERY ' + @recoveryModel + ' with no_wait')
59                 EXEC sp_executesql @tempTSQL
60                 if (@@ERROR = 0)
61                 begin
62                     print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model has been changed back to ''' + @recoveryModel + '''')
63                 end
64                 else 
65                 begin
66                     print('    Database [' + @dbname + '] recovery model failed to be changed back to ''' + @recoveryModel + '''')
67                 end
68             end
69         end
70     end
71 FETCH NEXT FROM dbCursor INTO @dbname
72 END
73 
74 CLOSE dbCursor
75 DEALLOCATE dbCursor