深刻剖析LinkedList源碼

好久前咱們已經學習了ArrayList和HashMap的源碼,有興趣的同窗請移步:深刻剖析ArrayList源碼
深刻剖析HashMap源碼
今天咱們來談談LinkedList源碼。java

簡介

LinkedList是用鏈表實現的List,是一個雙向鏈表node

public class LinkedList<E> extends AbstractSequentialList<E>
      implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{//底層是雙向鏈表
    //元素數量    
    transient int size = 0;
    //第一個結點
    transient Node<E> first;
    //最後一個結點
    transient Node<E> last;
}

咱們還看到了LinkedList實現了Deque接口,所以,咱們能夠操做LinkedList像操做隊列和棧同樣。segmentfault

LinkedList底層維護着一個Node組成的鏈表,在源碼中,是以下圖的一個靜態內部類:數組

//內部類Node
    private static class Node<E> {
    E item;
    Node<E> next;
    Node<E> prev;
    Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
        this.item = element;
        this.next = next;
        this.prev = prev;
  }

在看添加刪除等方法前咱們先去了解LinkedList實現的一些操做鏈表的輔助函數,看了這幾個函數後再去看別的方法會容易不少。函數

操做鏈表

插入元素到頭部

void linkFirst(E e) {
    final Node<E> f = first;
    final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);//設置newNode的前結點爲null,後結點爲f
    first = newNode;
    if (f == null)//首先連接元素,同時把newNode設爲最後一個結點
        last = newNode;
    else
        f.prev = newNode;
    size++;
    modCount++;
}

插入元素到尾部

void linkLast(E e) {
    final Node<E> l = last;
    final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);//設置newNode的前結點爲l,後結點爲null
    last = newNode;//新結點變成最後一個結點
    //若l == null說明是首次連接元素,將first也指向新結點
    if (l == null)
        first = newNode;
    else
        l.next = newNode;
    size++;
    modCount++;//修改次數+1
}

在給定結點前插入元素e

void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) {
    final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;
    final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);//設置newNode的前結點爲pred,後結點爲succ
    succ.prev = newNode;
    if (pred == null)//若是succ是頭結點,將newNode設置爲頭結點
        first = newNode;
    else
        pred.next = newNode;
    size++;
    modCount++;
}

刪除鏈表結點

E unlink(Node<E> x) {
    final E element = x.item;
    final Node<E> next = x.next;
    final Node<E> prev = x.prev;
    //判斷是不是頭結點
    if (prev == null) {
        first = next;
    } else {
        prev.next = next;
        x.prev = null;//GC回收
    }
    //判斷是不是尾結點
    if (next == null) {
        last = prev;
    } else {
        next.prev = prev;
        x.next = null;//GC回收
    }
    x.item = null;//GC回收
    size--;
    modCount++;
    return element;
}

返回指定位置的結點

Node<E> node(int index) {
    //根據index位置考慮是從前面遍歷仍是從後面遍歷(加快查詢速度)
    if (index < (size >> 1)) {
        Node<E> x = first;
        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
            x = x.next;
        return x;
    } else {
        Node<E> x = last;
        for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--)
            x = x.prev;
        return x;
    }
}

構造器

public LinkedList() {}
//構造一個包含指定集合元素的LinkenList
public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    this();
    addAll(c);
}

很簡單,這裏跳過。學習

add方法

/*
 * 添加元素到末尾
 */
public boolean add(E e) {
    linkLast(e);//插入到鏈表尾部
    return true;
}

/*
 * 添加元素到指定位置
 */
public void add(int index, E element) {
    checkPositionIndex(index); //參數校驗 ——> index >= 0 && index <= size
    if (index == size)
        linkLast(element);//插入到鏈表尾部
    else
        linkBefore(element, node(index));//插入到指定結點前面
}

/**
 * 將指定集合中的元素插入到鏈表中
 * addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)——>addAll(size, c)
 */
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
    checkPositionIndex(index);//參數校驗

    Object[] a = c.toArray();
    int numNew = a.length;
    if (numNew == 0)
        return false;

    Node<E> pred, succ;
    if (index == size) {//插入元素到尾部
        succ = null;
        pred = last;
    } else {//在index位置插入
        succ = node(index);
        pred = succ.prev;
    }
    //依次從集合中取出元素插入到鏈表
    for (Object o : a) {
        E e = (E) o;
        Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);//設置newNode的前結點爲pred,後結點爲null
        if (pred == null)
            first = newNode;
        else
            pred.next = newNode;
        pred = newNode;
    }
    
    if (succ == null) {
        last = pred;
    } else {
        pred.next = succ;
        succ.prev = pred;
    }
    
    size += numNew;
    modCount++;
    return true;
}
//addFirst、addLast省略.....

get/set方法

/*
 * 返回指定位置元素
 */
public E get(int index) {
    checkElementIndex(index);
    return node(index).item;
}
 /*
  * 設置元素
  */
public E set(int index, E element) {
    checkElementIndex(index);
    Node<E> x = node(index);
    E oldVal = x.item;
    x.item = element;
    return oldVal;
}

peek/poll方法

/*
 * 返回頭結點值,若是鏈表爲空則返回null
 */
public E peek() {
    final Node<E> f = first;
    return (f == null) ? null : f.item;
}

/*
 * 刪除頭結點並返回頭結點值,若是鏈表爲空則返回null
 */
public E poll() {
    final Node<E> f = first;
    return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f);
}

remove方法

/*
 * 默認刪除頭結點
 */
public E remove() {
    return removeFirst();
}

/*
 * 刪除指定位置結點
 */
public E remove(int index) {
    checkElementIndex(index);
    return unlink(node(index));
}

/*
 * 刪除指定結點
 */
public boolean remove(Object o) {
    if (o == null) {
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
            if (x.item == null) {
                unlink(x);
                return true;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
            if (o.equals(x.item)) {
                unlink(x);
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

indexOf/lastIndexOf方法

/*
 * 返回指定對象在鏈表中的索引(若是沒有則返回-1)
 * lastIndexOf同理(其實就是從後向前遍歷)
 */
public int indexOf(Object o) {
    int index = 0;
    if (o == null) {
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
            if (x.item == null)
                return index;
            index++;
        }
    } else {
        for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {
            if (o.equals(x.item))
                return index;
            index++;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

toArray方法

/*
 * 將鏈表包裝成數組返回
 */
public Object[] toArray() {
    Object[] result = new Object[size];
    int i = 0;
    //依次取出結點值放入數組
    for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
        result[i++] = x.item;
    return result;
}

/*
 * 將鏈表包裝成指定類型數組返回
 */
public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
    if (a.length < size)//給點的數組長度小於鏈表長度
        //建立一個類型與a同樣,長度爲size的數組
        a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);
        
    int i = 0;
    Object[] result = a;//定義result指向給定數組,修改result == 修改a
    //依次把結點值放入result數組
    for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next)
        result[i++] = x.item;

    if (a.length > size)
        a[size] = null;

    return a;
}

listIterator方法

ListIterator是一個功能更增強大的接口, ListIterator在Iterator基礎上提供了add、set、previous等對列表的操做。ui

public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {
    checkPositionIndex(index);//參數校驗
    return new ListItr(index);
}
ListItr是一個內部類

private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> {
    private Node<E> lastReturned;//上次越過的結點
    private Node<E> next;//下次越過的結點
    private int nextIndex;//下次越過結點的索引
    private int expectedModCount = modCount;//預期修改次數

    ListItr(int index) {
        next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);//index默認爲0
        nextIndex = index;
    }

     /*判斷是否有下一個元素*/
    public boolean hasNext() {
        return nextIndex < size;
    }
    
     /*向後遍歷,返回越過的元素*/
    public E next() {
        checkForComodification();//fail-fast
        if (!hasNext())
            throw new NoSuchElementException();

        lastReturned = next;
        next = next.next;
        nextIndex++;
        return lastReturned.item;
    }
    
     /*判斷是否有上一個元素*/    
    public boolean hasPrevious() {
        return nextIndex > 0;
    }
    
     /*向前遍歷,返回越過的元素*/
    public E previous() {
        checkForComodification();//fail-fast
        if (!hasPrevious())
            throw new NoSuchElementException();

        lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev;//調用previous後lastReturned = next
        nextIndex--;
        return lastReturned.item;
    }
    
     /*返回下一個越過的元素索引*/
    public int nextIndex() {
        return nextIndex;
    }
    
     /*返回上一個越過的元素索引*/
    public int previousIndex() {
        return nextIndex - 1;
    }
    
     /*刪除元素*/
    public void remove() {
        checkForComodification();//fail-fast
        if (lastReturned == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException();

        Node<E> lastNext = lastReturned.next;
        unlink(lastReturned);//從鏈表中刪除lastReturned,modCount++(該方法會幫你處理結點指針指向)
        if (next == lastReturned)//調用previous後next == lastReturned
            next = lastNext;
        else
            nextIndex--;
            
        lastReturned = null;//GC
        expectedModCount++;
    }
    
     /*設置元素*/
    public void set(E e) {
        if (lastReturned == null)
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        checkForComodification();//fail-fast
        lastReturned.item = e;
    }
    
     /*插入元素*/
    public void add(E e) {
        checkForComodification();//fail-fast
        lastReturned = null;
        if (next == null)
            linkLast(e);
        else
            linkBefore(e, next);
        nextIndex++;
        expectedModCount++;
    }
    
     /*操做未遍歷的元素*/
    public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(action);//判空
        while (modCount == expectedModCount && nextIndex < size) {
            action.accept(next.item);
            lastReturned = next;
            next = next.next;
            nextIndex++;
        }
        checkForComodification();
    }
    
     /*fail-fast*/
    final void checkForComodification() {
        if (modCount != expectedModCount)
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }
}

總結

還有不少關於LinkedList的方法這裏就不一一列舉了,總的來講若是鏈表學得好的話看懂源碼仍是沒問題的,今天就學到這裏,若是錯誤請多指教。this

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