PHP中的iterator

大牛就是大牛。。。。。。沒得黑
splphp

附上:
PHP模版解析類
峯哥原文
新手文章明顯不懂背後原理,但php代碼很詳細,值得一看也不得不說他付出過努力和有一點點「天分」,若是他能幾個月對代碼由陌生變熟悉,還有幾個調試技巧,這文章新手熟手都值得看看html

這幾天,我在學習PHP語言中的SPL。
這個東西應該屬於PHP中的高級內容,看上去很複雜,可是很是有用,因此我作了長篇筆記。否則記不住,之後要用的時候,仍是要從頭學起。mysql

因爲這是供本身參考的筆記,不是教程,因此寫得比較簡單,沒有多解釋。可是我想,若是你是一個熟練的PHP5程序員,應該足以看懂下面的材料,並且會發現它頗有用。如今除此以外,網上根本沒有任何深刻的SPL中文介紹。

PHP SPL筆記
目錄
第一部分 簡介
1. 什麼是SPL?
2. 什麼是Iterator?
第二部分 SPL Interfaces
3. Iterator界面
4. ArrayAccess界面
5. IteratorAggregate界面
6. RecursiveIterator界面
7. SeekableIterator界面
8. Countable界面
第三部分 SPL Classes
9. SPL的內置類
10. DirectoryIterator類
11. ArrayObject類
12. ArrayIterator類
13. RecursiveArrayIterator類和RecursiveIteratorIterator類
14. FilterIterator類
15. SimpleXMLIterator類
16. CachingIterator類
17. LimitIterator類
18. SplFileObject類
第一部 簡介
1. 什麼是SPL?
SPL是Standard PHP Library(PHP標準庫)的縮寫。
根據官方定義,它是」a collection of interfaces and classes that are meant to solve standard problems」。可是,目前在使用中,SPL更多地被看做是一種使object(物體)模仿array(數組)行爲的interfaces和classes。
2. 什麼是Iterator?
SPL的核心概念就是Iterator。這指的是一種Design Pattern,根據《Design Patterns》一書的定義,Iterator的做用是」provide an object which traverses some aggregate structure, abstracting away assumptions about the implementation of that structure.」
wikipedia中說,」an iterator is an object which allows a programmer to traverse through all the elements of a collection, regardless of its specific implementation」…….」the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which iterators are used to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation」.
通俗地說,Iterator可以使許多不一樣的數據結構,都能有統一的操做界面,好比一個數據庫的結果集、同一個目錄中的文件集、或者一個文本中每一行構成的集合。
若是按照普通狀況,遍歷一個MySQL的結果集,程序須要這樣寫:程序員

// Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
$result = mysql_query(「SELECT * FROM users」);算法

// Iterate over the structure
while ( row=mysqlfetcharray(result) ) {
   // do stuff with the row here
}
sql

讀出一個目錄中的內容,須要這樣寫:數據庫

// Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
$dh = opendir(‘/home/harryf/files’);數組

// Iterate over the structure
while ( file=readdir(dh) ) {
   // do stuff with the file here
}
markdown

讀出一個文本文件的內容,須要這樣寫:數據結構

// Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
$fh = fopen(「/home/hfuecks/files/results.txt」, 「r」);

// Iterate over the structure
while (!feof($fh)) {

line=fgets(fh);
   // do stuff with the line here

}

上面三段代碼,雖然處理的是不一樣的resource(資源),可是功能都是遍歷結果集(loop over contents),所以Iterator的基本思想,就是將這三種不一樣的操做統一塊兒來,用一樣的命令界面,處理不一樣的資源。
第二部分 SPL Interfaces
3. Iterator界面
SPL規定,全部部署了Iterator界面的class,均可以用在foreach Loop中。Iterator界面中包含5個必須部署的方法:

* current()

  This method returns the current index's value. You are solely
  responsible for tracking what the current index is as the 
 interface does not do this for you.

* key()

  This method returns the value of the current index's key. For 
  foreach loops this is extremely important so that the key 
  value can be populated.

* next()

  This method moves the internal index forward one entry.

* rewind()

  This method should reset the internal index to the first element.

* valid()

  This method should return true or false if there is a current 
  element. It is called after rewind() or next().

下面就是一個部署了Iterator界面的class示例:

/**
* An iterator for native PHP arrays, re-inventing the wheel
*
* Notice the 「implements Iterator」 - important!
*/
class ArrayReloaded implements Iterator {

/**
   * A native PHP array to iterate over
   */
private $array = array();

/**
   * A switch to keep track of the end of the array
   */
private $valid = FALSE;

/**
   * Constructor
   * @param array native PHP array to iterate over
   */
function __construct(array) {this->array = $array;
}

/**
   * Return the array 「pointer」 to the first element
   * PHP’s reset() returns false if the array has no elements
   */
function rewind(){
   this>valid=(FALSE!==reset(this->array));
}

/**
   * Return the current array element
   */
function current(){
   return current($this->array);
}

/**
   * Return the key of the current array element
   */
function key(){
   return key($this->array);
}

/**
   * Move forward by one
   * PHP’s next() returns false if there are no more elements
   */
function next(){
   this>valid=(FALSE!==next(this->array));
}

/**
   * Is the current element valid?
   */
function valid(){
   return $this->valid;
}
}

使用方法以下:

// Create iterator object
$colors = new ArrayReloaded(array (‘red’,’green’,’blue’,));

// Iterate away!
foreach ( colorsascolor ) {
echo $color.」 」;
}

你也能夠在foreach循環中使用key()方法:

// Display the keys as well
foreach ( colorsaskey => color ) {    echo 「key: $color 」;
}

除了foreach循環外,也可使用while循環,

// Reset the iterator - foreach does this automatically
$colors->rewind();

// Loop while valid
while ( $colors->valid() ) {

echo colors>key().":".colors->current().」
「;
   $colors->next();

}

根據測試,while循環要稍快於foreach循環,由於運行時少了一層中間調用。
4. ArrayAccess界面
部署ArrayAccess界面,可使得object像array那樣操做。ArrayAccess界面包含四個必須部署的方法:

* offsetExists($offset)

  This method is used to tell php if there is a value
  for the key specified by offset. It should return 
  true or false.

* offsetGet($offset)

  This method is used to return the value specified 
  by the key offset.

* offsetSet($offset, $value)

  This method is used to set a value within the object, 
  you can throw an exception from this function for a 
  read-only collection.

* offsetUnset($offset)

  This method is used when a value is removed from 
  an array either through unset() or assigning the key 
  a value of null. In the case of numerical arrays, this 
  offset should not be deleted and the array should 
  not be reindexed unless that is specifically the 
  behavior you want.

下面就是一個部署ArrayAccess界面的實例:

/**
* A class that can be used like an array
*/
class Article implements ArrayAccess {

public $title;

public $author;

public $category; 

function __construct(title,author,category) {this->title = title;this->author = author;this->category = $category;
}

/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Set a value given it’s key e.g. A[title]=foo;@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@parammixedvalue@returnvoid/functionoffsetSet(key, value) {      if ( array_key_exists(key,get_object_vars(this)) ) {this->{key} =value;
   }
}

/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Return a value given it’s key e.g. echo A[title];@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnmixedvalue/functionoffsetGet(key) {
   if ( array_key_exists(key,getobjectvars(this)) ) {
     return this->{key};
   }
}

/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Unset a value by it’s key e.g. unset(A[title]);@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnvoid/functionoffsetUnset(key) {
   if ( array_key_exists(key,getobjectvars(this)) ) {
     unset(this->{key});
   }
}

/**
* Defined by ArrayAccess interface
* Check value exists, given it’s key e.g. isset(A[title])@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnboolean/functionoffsetExists(offset) {
   return array_key_exists(offset,getobjectvars(this));
}

}

使用方法以下:

// Create the object
$A = new Article(‘SPL Rocks’,’Joe Bloggs’, ‘PHP’);

// Check what it looks like
echo ‘Initial State:

‘;
print_r($A);
echo ‘
‘;

 

// Change the title using array syntax
$A[‘title’] = ‘SPL really rocks’;

// Try setting a non existent property (ignored)
$A[‘not found’] = 1;

// Unset the author field
unset($A[‘author’]);

// Check what it looks like again
echo ‘Final State:

‘;
print_r($A);
echo ‘
‘;

 

運行結果以下:

Initial State:

Article Object
(
   [title] => SPL Rocks
   [author] => Joe Bloggs
   [category] => PHP
)

Final State:

Article Object
(
   [title] => SPL really rocks
   [category] => PHP
)

能夠看到,$A雖然是一個object,可是徹底能夠像array那樣操做。
你還能夠在讀取數據時,增長程序內部的邏輯:

function offsetGet(key) {      if ( array_key_exists(key,get_object_vars(this)) ) {        return strtolower(this->{$key});
   }
}

  1. IteratorAggregate界面
    可是,雖然$A能夠像數組那樣操做,卻沒法使用foreach遍歷,除非部署了前面提到的Iterator界面。
    另外一個解決方法是,有時會須要將數據和遍歷部分分開,這時就能夠部署IteratorAggregate界面。它規定了一個getIterator()方法,返回一個使用Iterator界面的object。
    仍是以上一節的Article類爲例:

class Article implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {

/**
* Defined by IteratorAggregate interface
* Returns an iterator for for this object, for use with foreach
* @return ArrayIterator
*/
function getIterator() {
   return new ArrayIterator($this);
}

使用方法以下:

$A = new Article(‘SPL Rocks’,’Joe Bloggs’, ‘PHP’);

// Loop (getIterator will be called automatically)
echo ‘Looping with foreach:

‘;
foreach ( Aasfield => value ) {    echo 「field : $value 」;
}
echo ‘
‘;

 

// Get the size of the iterator (see how many properties are left)
echo 「Object has 「.sizeof($A->getIterator()).」 elements」;

顯示結果以下:

Looping with foreach:

title : SPL Rocks
author : Joe Bloggs
category : PHP

Object has 3 elements

  1. RecursiveIterator界面
    這個界面用於遍歷多層數據,它繼承了Iterator界面,於是也具備標準的current()、key()、next()、 rewind()和valid()方法。同時,它本身還規定了getChildren()和hasChildren()方法。The getChildren() method must return an object that implements RecursiveIterator.
  2. SeekableIterator界面
    SeekableIterator界面也是Iterator界面的延伸,除了Iterator的5個方法之外,還規定了seek()方法,參數是元素的位置,返回該元素。若是該位置不存在,則拋出OutOfBoundsException。
    下面是一個是實例:

    大牛就是大牛。。。。。。沒得黑
    spl

    附上:
    PHP模版解析類
    峯哥原文
    新手文章明顯不懂背後原理,但php代碼很詳細,值得一看也不得不說他付出過努力和有一點點「天分」,若是他能幾個月對代碼由陌生變熟悉,還有幾個調試技巧,這文章新手熟手都值得看看

    這幾天,我在學習PHP語言中的SPL。
    這個東西應該屬於PHP中的高級內容,看上去很複雜,可是很是有用,因此我作了長篇筆記。否則記不住,之後要用的時候,仍是要從頭學起。

    因爲這是供本身參考的筆記,不是教程,因此寫得比較簡單,沒有多解釋。可是我想,若是你是一個熟練的PHP5程序員,應該足以看懂下面的材料,並且會發現它頗有用。如今除此以外,網上根本沒有任何深刻的SPL中文介紹。

    PHP SPL筆記
    目錄
    第一部分 簡介
    1. 什麼是SPL?
    2. 什麼是Iterator?
    第二部分 SPL Interfaces
    3. Iterator界面
    4. ArrayAccess界面
    5. IteratorAggregate界面
    6. RecursiveIterator界面
    7. SeekableIterator界面
    8. Countable界面
    第三部分 SPL Classes
    9. SPL的內置類
    10. DirectoryIterator類
    11. ArrayObject類
    12. ArrayIterator類
    13. RecursiveArrayIterator類和RecursiveIteratorIterator類
    14. FilterIterator類
    15. SimpleXMLIterator類
    16. CachingIterator類
    17. LimitIterator類
    18. SplFileObject類
    第一部 簡介
    1. 什麼是SPL?
    SPL是Standard PHP Library(PHP標準庫)的縮寫。
    根據官方定義,它是」a collection of interfaces and classes that are meant to solve standard problems」。可是,目前在使用中,SPL更多地被看做是一種使object(物體)模仿array(數組)行爲的interfaces和classes。
    2. 什麼是Iterator?
    SPL的核心概念就是Iterator。這指的是一種Design Pattern,根據《Design Patterns》一書的定義,Iterator的做用是」provide an object which traverses some aggregate structure, abstracting away assumptions about the implementation of that structure.」
    wikipedia中說,」an iterator is an object which allows a programmer to traverse through all the elements of a collection, regardless of its specific implementation」…….」the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which iterators are used to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation」.
    通俗地說,Iterator可以使許多不一樣的數據結構,都能有統一的操做界面,好比一個數據庫的結果集、同一個目錄中的文件集、或者一個文本中每一行構成的集合。
    若是按照普通狀況,遍歷一個MySQL的結果集,程序須要這樣寫:

    // Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
    $result = mysql_query(「SELECT * FROM users」);

    // Iterate over the structure
    while ( row=mysqlfetcharray(result) ) {
       // do stuff with the row here
    }

    讀出一個目錄中的內容,須要這樣寫:

    // Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
    $dh = opendir(‘/home/harryf/files’);

    // Iterate over the structure
    while ( file=readdir(dh) ) {
       // do stuff with the file here
    }

    讀出一個文本文件的內容,須要這樣寫:

    // Fetch the 「aggregate structure」
    $fh = fopen(「/home/hfuecks/files/results.txt」, 「r」);

    // Iterate over the structure
    while (!feof($fh)) {

    line=fgets(fh);
       // do stuff with the line here

    }

    上面三段代碼,雖然處理的是不一樣的resource(資源),可是功能都是遍歷結果集(loop over contents),所以Iterator的基本思想,就是將這三種不一樣的操做統一塊兒來,用一樣的命令界面,處理不一樣的資源。
    第二部分 SPL Interfaces
    3. Iterator界面
    SPL規定,全部部署了Iterator界面的class,均可以用在foreach Loop中。Iterator界面中包含5個必須部署的方法:

    * current()
    
      This method returns the current index's value. You are solely
      responsible for tracking what the current index is as the 
     interface does not do this for you.
    
    * key()
    
      This method returns the value of the current index's key. For 
      foreach loops this is extremely important so that the key 
      value can be populated.
    
    * next()
    
      This method moves the internal index forward one entry.
    
    * rewind()
    
      This method should reset the internal index to the first element.
    
    * valid()
    
      This method should return true or false if there is a current 
      element. It is called after rewind() or next().

    下面就是一個部署了Iterator界面的class示例:

    /**
    * An iterator for native PHP arrays, re-inventing the wheel
    *
    * Notice the 「implements Iterator」 - important!
    */
    class ArrayReloaded implements Iterator {

    /**
       * A native PHP array to iterate over
       */
    private $array = array();

    /**
       * A switch to keep track of the end of the array
       */
    private $valid = FALSE;

    /**
       * Constructor
       * @param array native PHP array to iterate over
       */
    function __construct(array) {this->array = $array;
    }

    /**
       * Return the array 「pointer」 to the first element
       * PHP’s reset() returns false if the array has no elements
       */
    function rewind(){
       this>valid=(FALSE!==reset(this->array));
    }

    /**
       * Return the current array element
       */
    function current(){
       return current($this->array);
    }

    /**
       * Return the key of the current array element
       */
    function key(){
       return key($this->array);
    }

    /**
       * Move forward by one
       * PHP’s next() returns false if there are no more elements
       */
    function next(){
       this>valid=(FALSE!==next(this->array));
    }

    /**
       * Is the current element valid?
       */
    function valid(){
       return $this->valid;
    }
    }

    使用方法以下:

    // Create iterator object
    $colors = new ArrayReloaded(array (‘red’,’green’,’blue’,));

    // Iterate away!
    foreach ( colorsascolor ) {
    echo $color.」 」;
    }

    你也能夠在foreach循環中使用key()方法:

    // Display the keys as well
    foreach ( colorsaskey => color ) {    echo 「key: $color 」;
    }

    除了foreach循環外,也可使用while循環,

    // Reset the iterator - foreach does this automatically
    $colors->rewind();

    // Loop while valid
    while ( $colors->valid() ) {

    echo colors>key().":".colors->current().」
    「;
       $colors->next();

    }

    根據測試,while循環要稍快於foreach循環,由於運行時少了一層中間調用。
    4. ArrayAccess界面
    部署ArrayAccess界面,可使得object像array那樣操做。ArrayAccess界面包含四個必須部署的方法:

    * offsetExists($offset)
    
      This method is used to tell php if there is a value
      for the key specified by offset. It should return 
      true or false.
    
    * offsetGet($offset)
    
      This method is used to return the value specified 
      by the key offset.
    
    * offsetSet($offset, $value)
    
      This method is used to set a value within the object, 
      you can throw an exception from this function for a 
      read-only collection.
    
    * offsetUnset($offset)
    
      This method is used when a value is removed from 
      an array either through unset() or assigning the key 
      a value of null. In the case of numerical arrays, this 
      offset should not be deleted and the array should 
      not be reindexed unless that is specifically the 
      behavior you want.

    下面就是一個部署ArrayAccess界面的實例:

    /**
    * A class that can be used like an array
    */
    class Article implements ArrayAccess {

    public $title;

    public $author;

    public $category; 

    function __construct(title,author,category) {this->title = title;this->author = author;this->category = $category;
    }

    /**
    * Defined by ArrayAccess interface
    * Set a value given it’s key e.g. A[title]=foo;@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@parammixedvalue@returnvoid/functionoffsetSet(key, value) {      if ( array_key_exists(key,get_object_vars(this)) ) {this->{key} =value;
       }
    }

    /**
    * Defined by ArrayAccess interface
    * Return a value given it’s key e.g. echo A[title];@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnmixedvalue/functionoffsetGet(key) {
       if ( array_key_exists(key,getobjectvars(this)) ) {
         return this->{key};
       }
    }

    /**
    * Defined by ArrayAccess interface
    * Unset a value by it’s key e.g. unset(A[title]);@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnvoid/functionoffsetUnset(key) {
       if ( array_key_exists(key,getobjectvars(this)) ) {
         unset(this->{key});
       }
    }

    /**
    * Defined by ArrayAccess interface
    * Check value exists, given it’s key e.g. isset(A[title])@parammixedkey(stringorinteger)@returnboolean/functionoffsetExists(offset) {
       return array_key_exists(offset,getobjectvars(this));
    }

    }

    使用方法以下:

    // Create the object
    $A = new Article(‘SPL Rocks’,’Joe Bloggs’, ‘PHP’);

    // Check what it looks like
    echo ‘Initial State:

    ‘;
    print_r($A);
    echo ‘
    ‘;

     

    // Change the title using array syntax
    $A[‘title’] = ‘SPL really rocks’;

    // Try setting a non existent property (ignored)
    $A[‘not found’] = 1;

    // Unset the author field
    unset($A[‘author’]);

    // Check what it looks like again
    echo ‘Final State:

    ‘;
    print_r($A);
    echo ‘
    ‘;

     

    運行結果以下:

    Initial State:

    Article Object
    (
       [title] => SPL Rocks
       [author] => Joe Bloggs
       [category] => PHP
    )

    Final State:

    Article Object
    (
       [title] => SPL really rocks
       [category] => PHP
    )

    能夠看到,$A雖然是一個object,可是徹底能夠像array那樣操做。
    你還能夠在讀取數據時,增長程序內部的邏輯:

    function offsetGet(key) {      if ( array_key_exists(key,get_object_vars(this)) ) {        return strtolower(this->{$key});
       }
    }

    1. IteratorAggregate界面
      可是,雖然$A能夠像數組那樣操做,卻沒法使用foreach遍歷,除非部署了前面提到的Iterator界面。
      另外一個解決方法是,有時會須要將數據和遍歷部分分開,這時就能夠部署IteratorAggregate界面。它規定了一個getIterator()方法,返回一個使用Iterator界面的object。
      仍是以上一節的Article類爲例:

    class Article implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {

    /**
    * Defined by IteratorAggregate interface
    * Returns an iterator for for this object, for use with foreach
    * @return ArrayIterator
    */
    function getIterator() {
       return new ArrayIterator($this);
    }

    使用方法以下:

    $A = new Article(‘SPL Rocks’,’Joe Bloggs’, ‘PHP’);

    // Loop (getIterator will be called automatically)
    echo ‘Looping with foreach:

    ‘;
    foreach ( Aasfield => value ) {    echo 「field : $value 」;
    }
    echo ‘
    ‘;

     

    // Get the size of the iterator (see how many properties are left)
    echo 「Object has 「.sizeof($A->getIterator()).」 elements」;

    顯示結果以下:

    Looping with foreach:

    title : SPL Rocks
    author : Joe Bloggs
    category : PHP

    Object has 3 elements

    1. RecursiveIterator界面
      這個界面用於遍歷多層數據,它繼承了Iterator界面,於是也具備標準的current()、key()、next()、 rewind()和valid()方法。同時,它本身還規定了getChildren()和hasChildren()方法。The getChildren() method must return an object that implements RecursiveIterator.
    2. SeekableIterator界面 SeekableIterator界面也是Iterator界面的延伸,除了Iterator的5個方法之外,還規定了seek()方法,參數是元素的位置,返回該元素。若是該位置不存在,則拋出OutOfBoundsException。 下面是一個是實例:
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