採用Atlas+Keepalived實現MySQL讀寫分離、讀負載均衡

==========================================================================================mysql

1、基礎介紹linux

==========================================================================================git

1、背景描述github

目前咱們的高可用DB的代理層採用的是360開源的Atlas,從上線以來,已穩定運行2個多月。不管是從性能上,仍是穩定性上,相比其餘開源組件(amoebacobarMaxScaleMySQL-Proxy等),仍是很出色的。sql


當初咱們之因此選擇Atlas,主要看中它有如下優勢:bootstrap

(1)、基於mysql-proxy-0.8.2進行修改,代碼徹底開源;vim

(2)、比較輕量級,部署配置也比較簡單;安全

(3)、支持DB讀寫分離;bash

(4)、支持從DB讀負載均衡,並自動剔除故障從DB網絡

(5)、支持平滑上下線DB

(6)、具有較好的安全機制(IP過濾、帳號認證);

(7)、版本更新、問題跟進、交流圈子都比較活躍。


在測試期間以及線上問題排查過程當中,獲得了360 Atlas做者朱超的熱心解答,在此表示感謝。有關更多Atlas的介紹,我就不一一例舉,能夠參考如下連接:

https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/blob/master/README_ZH.md


2、整體架構圖

wKioL1Sw6iagbaHjAAJX6OZk-GM940.jpg


3、系統環境

CentOS 6.3 x86_64


==========================================================================================

2、安裝部署

==========================================================================================

1、需注意的地方

(1)、本次安裝不使用系統默認的glib庫,以前的yum安裝只是爲了先解決依賴庫的問題;

(2)LUA庫的版本不能過高,爲5.1.x便可;

(3)glib庫的版本也不能過高,爲glib-2.32.x便可;

(4)、對於編譯不成功的狀況,注意查看下面的說明。


2GLIB依賴的基礎庫安裝

# yum -y install *glib*


3LUA庫安裝

http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-5.9.tar.gz

# tar xvzf ncurses-5.9.tar.gz

# cd ncurses-5.9

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-6.2.tar.gz

# tar xvzf readline-6.2.tar.gz

# cd readline-6.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.5.tar.gz

# tar xvzf lua-5.1.5.tar.gz

# cd lua-5.1.5

# make linux install


注意:

修改當前目錄下的「Makefile」中的 INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua

主要是爲了不與系統自帶的lua庫發生衝突的可能


在「src/Makefile」文件中加入「-lncurses」,完整內容以下:

linux:

        $(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lncurses -lreadline"


4GLIB庫安裝

ftp://sourceware.org/pub/libffi/libffi-3.0.13.tar.gz

# tar xvzf libffi-3.0.13.tar.gz

# cd libffi-3.0.13

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

# tar xvzf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz

# cd libiconv-1.14

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-5.0.5.tar.gz

# tar xvzf xz-5.0.5.tar.gz

# cd xz-5.0.5

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install

# /sbin/ldconfig


http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.32/glib-2.32.4.tar.xz

# xz -d glib-2.32.4.tar.xz

# tar -xvf glib-2.32.4.tar

# cd glib-2.32.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/glib-2.32.4 \

--with-libiconv=/usr/local \

LIBFFI_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" \

LIBFFI_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lib -lffi"

# make && make install


注意:編譯報錯處理

(1)configure階段

# vim ./glib/gconvert.c

註釋掉第2628行的內容

註釋掉從61行到67行的內容


# vim ./configure

7880行之上添加以下內容:

found_iconv=yes


(2)make階段

# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/ffi.h /usr/local/include

# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libffi-3.0.13/include/ffitarget.h /usr/local/include


glib庫須要安裝在單獨的目錄「/usr/local/glib-2.32.4」,也是爲了不與系統自帶的glib庫發生衝突的可能


5Atlas安裝

(1)、其餘基礎組件安裝

https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz

# tar xvzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz

# cd libevent-2.0.21-stable

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz

# tar xvzf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz

# cd openssl-1.0.1h

# ./config shared --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


(2)MySQL安裝(無需啓動)

http://wwwNaNake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz

# tar -xvzf cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz

# cd cmake-2.8.10.2

# ./bootstrap --prefix=/usr/local

# gmake --jobs=`grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`

# gmake install


http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz

# tar -xvzf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.24

# rm-f CMakeCache.txt

# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/run/mysql/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/dbdata/data \

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

# make --jobs=`grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`

# make install


(3)DB中間件安裝

https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/archive/2.2.1.tar.gz

# tar xvzf Atlas-2.2.1.tar.gz

# cd Atlas-2.2.1

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql-proxy \

--with-lua=/usr/local/lua \

--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \

GLIB_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include/glib-2.0" \

GLIB_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib/glib-2.0 -lglib-2.0" \

GMODULE_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include" \

GMODULE_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib -lgmodule-2.0" \

GTHREAD_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include" \

GTHREAD_LIBS="-L/usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib -lgthread-2.0" \

LUA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/lua/include" \

LUA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lua/lib -llua-5.1" \

CFLAGS="-DHAVE_LUA_H -O2" \

LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib64 -lm -ldl -lcrypto"

# make && make install


注意:

編譯報錯處理

# ln -s /usr/local/glib-2.32.4/lib/glib-2.0/include/glibconfig.h /usr/local/glib-2.32.4/include/glib-2.0


# cd /usr/local

# mv mysql-proxy atlas-2.2.1 && ln -s atlas-2.2.1 mysql-proxy


6DB中間層配置

(1)、主配置

# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf

[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = sysadmin
admin-password = admin2356!@()
 
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.222.5.224:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.240.95.107:3306,10.240.95.108:3306
 
pwds = health_check1:/iZxz+0GRoA=,health_check2:/iZxz+0GRoA=
 
daemon = true
keepalive = true
 
event-threads = 16
 
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
sql-log = ON
 
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3306
admin-address = 10.209.6.101:3307
 
charset = utf8

(2)、啓動腳本

# vim /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy

#!/bin/sh
#
# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 78 30
# processname: mysql-proxy
# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon to mysql
# config: /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf
# pidfile: /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.pid
#
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
 
DAEMON="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy"
CONFIGFILE="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf"
PIDFILE="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/log/mysql-proxy.pid"
LOCKFILE="/var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy"
PROG=`basename $DAEMON`
 
RETVAL=0
 
start() {
    echo -n $"Starting ${PROG}......"
    [ -x $DAEMON ] || exit 5
    [ -f $CONFIGFILE ] || exit 6
    ${DAEMON} --defaults-file=${CONFIGFILE} || echo -n "${PROG} already running"
 
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]] && touch $LOCKFILE
 
    return $RETVAL
}
 
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping ${PROG}......"
    if [[ `ps aux | grep bin/mysql-proxy | grep -v grep | wc -l` -gt 0 ]]; then
        kill -TERM `ps -A -oppid,pid,cmd | grep bin/mysql-proxy | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
    fi
 
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    [[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]] && rm -f $LOCKFILE $PIDFILE
 
    return $RETVAL
}
 
restart() {
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
 
case "$1" in
start)
    start
    ;;
 
stop)
    stop
    ;;
 
restart)
    restart
    ;;
 
condrestart)
    [[ -e $LOCKFILE ]] && restart
    ;;
 
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart}"
    RETVAL=1
    ;;
esac
 
exit $RETVAL

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy

# chmod 0660 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf

# service mysql-proxy start

# ps aux | grep mysql-prox[y]

wKiom1Sw7APBGLlPAABNGlf7ct0239.jpg


7Atlas高可用【Keepalived】環境安裝

http://rpm5.org/files/popt/popt-1.14.tar.gz

# tar xvzf popt-1.14.tar.gz

# cd popt-1.14

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install


http://www.carisma.slowglass.com/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz

# tar xvzf libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz

# cd libnl-3.2.24

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

# make && make install

# ln -s /usr/local/include/libnl3/netlink /usr/local/include

# /sbin/ldconfig


http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.10.tar.gz

# tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.10.tar.gz

# cd keepalived-1.2.10

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

# make && make install


# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin

# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig

# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d

# chkconfig --add keepalived


8Atlas高可用【Keepalived】配置

# mkdir –p /etc/keepalived /data/scripts


(1)、主節點配置

# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
    notification_email {
        lovezym5@126.com
    }
 
    notification_email_from lovezym5@126.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id dbproxy1
}
 
vrrp_script chk_mysql_proxy_health {
    script "/data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -2
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    smtp_alert
 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
 
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.209.6.115
    }
 
    track_script {
        chk_mysql_proxy_health
    }
 
    notify_master "/data/scripts/notify.sh master"
    notify_bakcup "/data/scripts/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/data/scripts/notify.sh fault"
}

(2)、備用節點配置

# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {
    notification_email {
        lovezym5@126.com
    }
 
    notification_email_from lovezym5@126.com
    smtp_server 127.0.0.1
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id dbproxy2
}
 
vrrp_script chk_mysql_proxy_health {
    script "/data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -2
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    smtp_alert
 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
 
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.209.6.115
    }
 
    track_script {
        chk_mysql_proxy_health
    }
 
    notify_master "/data/scripts/notify.sh master"
    notify_bakcup "/data/scripts/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/data/scripts/notify.sh fault"
}

(3)VIP切換通知腳本

# vim /data/scripts/notify.sh

#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
 
KEEPALIVE_CONF="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"
 
VIP=`grep -A 1 virtual_ipaddress ${KEEPALIVE_CONF} | tail -1 | sed 's/\t//g; s/ //g'`
ETH1_ADDR=`/sbin/ifconfig eth1 | awk '/inet addr:/{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $2}'`
 
MONITOR="/usr/local/oms/agent/alarm/BusMonitorAgent"
TOKEN="ha_monitor"
 
function notify() {
    TITLE="$ETH1_ADDR to be $1: $VIP floating"
    CONTENT="vrrp transition, $ETH1_ADDR changed to be $1"
    ${MONITOR} -c 2 -f ${TOKEN} -t "${TITLE}" -i "${CONTENT}"
}
 
case "$1" in
master)
    notify master
    exit 0
    ;;
 
backup)
    notify backup
    exit 0
    ;;
 
fault)
    notify fault
    exit 0
    ;;
 
*)
    echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

(4)DB中間層進程檢查腳本

# vim /data/scripts/keepalived_check_mysql_proxy.sh

#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
 
if [[ `pgrep mysql-proxy | wc -l` -eq 0 ]]; then
    /sbin/service mysql-proxy start && sleep 5
    [[ -z `pgrep mysql-proxy` ]] && /sbin/service keepalived stop
fi

# chmod +x /data/scripts/*.sh

# service keepalived start

wKioL1Sw72OBWcdcAABQovflyow736.jpg

# ip addr show eth1

wKiom1Sw7r3S6v6_AACfXZvxonQ064.jpg

# ps aux | grep keepalive[d]

wKiom1Sw7tnzsSOAAABqz91YIVo562.jpg


==========================================================================================

3、其餘設置

==========================================================================================

1Atlas服務監控

# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/check_service.sh

#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
 
[[ $# -ne 3 ]] && echo "$0 端口號 協議類型 服務名" && exit 1
 
SRV_PORT=$1  ## 端口號
SRV_PROT=$2  ## 協議類型
SRV_NAME=$3  ## 服務名
 
MONITOR="/usr/local/oms/agent/alarm/BusMonitorAgent"
TOKEN="ha_monitor"
 
TITLE="${SRV_NAME}服務異常監控"
CONTENT="${SRV_NAME}服務發生異常,已自動拉起!"
 
## 是否已正確掃描
SCAN_FLAG=0
 
function RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT() 
{
    local CUR_SRV_NAME
    
    [[ $# -ne 1 ]] && exit 1
    CUR_SRV_NAME=$1
    
    TMP_SRV_NAME=`echo ${CUR_SRV_NAME} | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`
    [[ ! -f /etc/init.d/${TMP_SRV_NAME} ]] && TMP_SRV_NAME="${TMP_SRV_NAME}d"
    
    killall -9 ${TMP_SRV_NAME}
    
    if [[ -z `ps aux | grep ${TMP_SRV_NAME} | grep -v grep` ]]; then
        /sbin/service ${TMP_SRV_NAME} start >/dev/null 2>&1
    fi
    
    ${MONITOR} -c 2 -f ${TOKEN} -t "${TITLE}" -i "${CONTENT}"
    rm -f `pwd`/connect_error.log
}
 
ETH1_ADDR=`/sbin/ifconfig eth1 | awk -F ':' '/inet addr/{print $2}' | sed 's/[a-zA-Z ]//g'`
TMP_SRV_PROT=`echo ${SRV_PROT} | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`

if [[ "${TMP_SRV_PROT}" == "tcp" ]]; then
    PROT_OPT="S"
elif [[ "${TMP_SRV_PROT}" == "udp" ]]; then
    PROT_OPT="U"
else
    echo "未知的協議類型!" && exit 1
fi
 
## 最多掃描3次,成功一次便可,以免網絡抖動而致使誤判
for ((i=0; i<3; i++)); do
    RETVAL=`/usr/bin/nmap -n -s${PROT_OPT} -p ${SRV_PORT} ${ETH1_ADDR} | grep open`
    [[ -n "${RETVAL}" ]] && SCAN_FLAG=1;break || sleep 10
done
 
## 一、針對Atlas服務端口不通的狀況,也就是服務完全掛掉
[[ ${SCAN_FLAG} -ne 1 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}
 
## 二、檢查Atlas服務是否正常工做,也就是服務端口正常,但訪問異常的狀況【高權限DB用戶】
mysqladmin -h${ETH1_ADDR} -uhealth_check1 -p123456 --connect-timeout=15 --shutdown-timeout=15 ping
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}
 
## 三、檢查Atlas服務是否正常工做,也就是服務端口正常,高權限DB用戶訪問也正常,但低權限
##    DB用戶訪問異常的狀況【低權限DB用戶】
mysqladmin -h${ETH1_ADDR} -uhealth_check2 -p123456 --connect-timeout=15 --shutdown-timeout=15 ping
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && RESTART_SRV_AND_ALERT ${SRV_NAME}

2Atlas訪問日誌切割

# vim /data/scripts/cut_and_clear_access_log.sh

#!/bin/sh
# 切割Atlas的訪問日誌,同時清理15天以前的日誌
#
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
 
## mysql-proxy日誌路徑
LOGPATH="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/log"
 
[[ `/sbin/ip addr show eth1 | grep inet | wc -l` -eq 2 ]] || exit 1 
cd ${LOGPATH}
 
## 日誌切割
HISTORY_LOG_PATH=`date -d '-1 hour' +"%Y-%m-%d/sql_mysql-proxy_%H.log"`
[[ -d `dirname ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}` ]] || mkdir -p `dirname ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}`
cp -a sql_mysql-proxy.log ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}
 
echo > sql_mysql-proxy.log
 
## 日誌清理
HISTORY_LOG_PATH=`date -d '15 days ago' +'%Y-%m-%d'`
[[ -d ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH} ]] && rm -rf ${HISTORY_LOG_PATH}

3crontab內容添加

# touch /var/lock/check_service.lock

# echo 'touch /var/lock/check_service.lock' >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

# crontab -uroot -e

* * * * * (flock --timeout=0 /var/lock/check_service.lock /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/check_service.sh 3306 tcp mysql-proxy >/dev/null 2>&1)
00 * * * * /data/scripts/cut_and_clear_access_log.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

4、平滑設置功能

# mysql -h10.209.6.101 -P3307 -usysadmin -p'admin2356!@()'

wKioL1Sw8S_gXZOuAALgQK7R39c195.jpg

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