Arm-Linux 移植 Ubuntu

時間 2020-05-10

標籤 arm linux 移植 ubuntu 欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

前言：php

這篇文章介紹如何構建一個完整基於ARM的Ubuntu系統。linux

因爲改文章當初寫的時候是發表在國外產品論壇上面，故保留了原文內容。android

使用到的硬件平臺：Geekboxgit

補充說明：github

雖然Geekbox是基於8核64Bits Cortex-A53 ARMV8架構的CPU，該方法構建的時候採用了向下兼容的32Bits的ARMV7架構。所以，該方法適用於Cortex-A7/A9/A15/A17/A12架構的ARM處理器。web

In this guide, we will describe how to build an ubuntu system for Geekbox from scratch.shell

Different ways to achieve it:ubuntu

Build the whole system in host PC with Chroot(emulator)bash
Build in a removable media device, such as: SDCard or UDisk架構
Build in the target device directly 【current article】

Before starting

Carry on the following questions before you start your work:

Q: What is included in an ubuntu system?

A: Bootloader & ramfs(kernel + initrd) & rootfs

Q: how to manage your ubuntu projects

A: Continue current reading and think about your own manage mothod.

Preparations

Create the working directories

$ install -d ~/project/geekbox/ubuntu/{linux,initrd,rootfs,prebuilts,archives/{ubuntu-core,debs,hwpacks},images,utils,scripts}$ cd ~/project/geekbox/ubuntu

Download the bootloader source code

$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/lollipop_u-boot u-boot

Download the linux kernel source code

$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/lollipop_kernel -b ubuntu linux

Download the toolchain

$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/lollipop_prebuilts_gcc_linux-x86_aarch64_aarch64-linux-android-4.9.git prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/

*Note the full path of 'prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6', just to keep Makefile@linux happy*

Download the initrd

$ git clone https://github.com/gouwa/initrd.git initrd

Download the hardware packages for Geekbox

$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/ubuntu_hwpacks.git archives/hwpacks

Download the ubuntu-core

$ wget -P archives/ubuntu-core http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/releases/14.04.3/release/ubuntu-core-14.04.3-core-armhf.tar.gz

# Visit the following link for the more versions:
# [url]http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-core/releases[/url]

Download the rockchip upgrade tool, note to specify the 'ubuntu' branch:

$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/utils.git -b ubuntu utils

# [Optional]If you want to run the command in any path: 
# $ sudo cp -a utils/upgrade_tool /usr/local/bin

Download the rockchip mkbootimg tools

$ git clone https://github.com/neo-technologies/rockchip-mkbootimg.git mkbootimg

Build and install mkbootimg tools:

$ make -C mkbootimg/$ sudo make install -C mkbootimg/

The above steps will generate some files in ```/usr/local/bin/```

*See utils/mkbootimg/README.md file for more information*


All the preparatory works above are necessary to build an ubuntu.

And we also offter some scripts to do thus work:

10. [Optional]Download the scripts:
```bash
$ git clone https://github.com/geekboxzone/ubuntu_scripts.git scripts

All the steps above just need to run one time, even if you will build the Ubuntu system many times.

Build the bootloader

Compile:

$ make rk3368_box_defconfig -C u-boot/$ make ARCHV=aarch64 -C u-boot/

Copy the images to the image directory:

$ cp -a u-boot/RK3368MiniLoaderAll_V*.bin u-boot/uboot.img u-boot/trust.img images/

Build the initial ramdisk

Compile the kernel

$ alias Make='make ARCH=arm64'$ Make -C linux ugeekbox_defconfig$ Make -C linux geekbox.img -j8

or 7.9-inch CrossDisplay

$ Make -C linux cross.img -j8

Copy the images to the image directory:

$ cp -a linux/resource.img images/

Compile the initrd

$ make -C initrd

SHA match for u-boot:

$ truncate -s '%4' images/initrd.img

#View SecureNSModeBootImageShaCheck() function in following file for the information:
#u-boot/board/rockchip/common/SecureBoot/SecureVerify.c

Generate the ramfs.img

$ mkbootimg --kernel linux/arch/arm64/boot/Image --ramdisk images/initrd.img -o images/ramfs.img

Build the rootfs

Notice: Many following steps need the root privileges, do not forget to type sudo if necessary.

Create a blank image file using dd:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=images/rootfs.img bs=1M count=256

# Modify the count value as you want.

# NOTE: if you want to build the rootfs on the host PC, recommend 2.5GB for GUI building.

Create linux filesystem on the newly created image:

$ mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot images/rootfs.img

Notice: 'linuxroot' is the volume-label of the rootfs, it MUST BE EXACTLY MATCH the CMDLINE in parameter:

CMDLINE: console=ttyS2 root=LABEL=linuxroot

Otherwise, there will be similar mistakes as follow when mount the rootfs:

[quote]Gave up waiting for root device.  Common problems:

 - Boot args (cat /proc/cmdline)

   - Check rootdelay= (did the system wait long enough?)

   - Check root= (did the system wait for the right device?)

 - Missing modules (cat /proc/modules; ls /dev)

ALERT!  /dev/disk/by-label/ does not exist.  Dropping to a shell!

(initramfs)[/quote]

Confirm that rootfs is an empty directory!!!

$ rm -rf rootfs && mkdir rootfs

Loop mount the the new image:

$ sudo mount -o loop images/rootfs.img rootfs

Remove the unnecessary files

$ sudo rm -rf rootfs/lost+found

Extract the ubuntu-core tarball into the mounted dir:

$ sudo tar xzf archives/ubuntu-core/ubuntu-core-14.04.3-core-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs/

Tips: ubuntu-core is the minimal root file system.

Add hardware packages

$ sudo cp -a archives/hwpacks/system/ rootfs/

Add Wifi & Bluetooth support

$ sudo cp archives/hwpacks/wifibt/wifion rootfs/usr/local/bin/
$ sudo cp archives/hwpacks/wifibt/wifioff rootfs/usr/local/bin/
$ sudo cp archives/hwpacks/wifibt/wifi.conf rootfs/etc/init
$ sudo cp archives/hwpacks/wifibt/bluetooth.conf rootfs/etc/init
$ sudo cp archives/hwpacks/wifibt/bluetooth-ap6354.conf rootfs/etc/init
``

9. Setup serial console, booting as root user:
```bash
$ sudo sed -e 's/tty1/ttyS2/g' -e '/^exec/c exec /sbin -a root -L 115200 ttyS2 vt100' < rootfs/etc/init/tty1.conf > ttyS2.conf
$ sudo mv ttyS2.conf rootfs/etc/init/ttyS2.conf

Setup the hostname:

$ echo Geekbox > hostname$ sudo mv hostname rootfs/etc/hostname

Congratulations!

At this point, you have completed all the minimal-ubuntu images.

And so, all you should do is to burn these images down to device.

Download the images

Download the U-Boot first-level loader

$ upgrade_tool ul images/RK3368MiniLoaderAll_V2.40.bin

Download the parameter

$ upgrade_tool di -p utils/rockdev/parameter

Download the U-Boot second-level loader

$ upgrade_tool di uboot images/uboot.img$ upgrade_tool di trust images/trust.img

Download the resource.img

$ upgrade_tool di resource images/resource.img

Download the ramfs.img

$ upgrade_tool di ramfs images/ramfs.img

Download the rootfs.img

$ upgrade_tool di linuxroot images/rootfs.img

Boot the device

$ upgrade_tool rd

# Notice: root access is necessary if you haven't setup udev rules.
#View our Wiki for more information:[url]http://forum.geekbox.tv/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=42[/url]

Graphic desktop environment

NOTE: The following commands need run on your Geekbox target!

Plug-in a cable, then setup the network:

root@Geekbox:~# echo auto eth0 > /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
root@Geekbox:~# echo iface eth0 inet dhcp >> /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
root@Geekbox:~# ln -fs /run/resolvconf/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
root@Geekbox:~# ifup eth0

Extend the root partition:

root@Geekbox:~# resize2fs /dev/disk/by-label/linuxroot

Tips: the default volume size of root partition is specify in the first step of [Build the rootfs].

Install desktop packages

root@Geekbox:~# apt-get update
root@Geekbox:~# apt-get upgrade
root@Geekbox:~# apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

[Optional]For bad network environment, such as: China.

Backup the ubuntu deb packages:

root@Geekbox:~# apt-get install openssh-server
root@Geekbox:~# scp /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb gouwa@192.168.1.168:project/geekbox/ubuntu/archives/debs

# If you did this, next time when you rebuilt the ubuntu system,
# you can manually pull the deb packages into the apt debs archives path of target-device:

# root@Geekbox:~# scp gouwa@192.168.1.168:project/geekbox/ubuntu/archives/debs/*.deb  /var/cache/apt/archives 
# root@Geekbox:~# apt-get update && apt-get upgrade && apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
# This will save you a lot of time to download them from the website.