https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
拿到這個之後,下面會有一個二維碼生成,這二維碼就是沙箱環境的測試公招號!html
首先把用到的URL所有貼出。jquery
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/$', views.index), url(r'^login/$', views.login), url(r'^bind/$', views.bind), url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode), url(r'^callback/$', views.callback), url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg), ]
在項目中須要用戶登陸,讓他關注咱們網站的服務號,而後給他推送消息等。git
準備工做:github
1.登陸的裝飾器web
def auth(func): ''' 登陸認證的裝飾器函數【其實能夠寫成一箇中間件】 :param func: :return: ''' @functools.wraps(func) def inner(request, *args, **kwargs): user_info = request.session.get('user_info') if not user_info: return redirect('/login/') return func(request, *args, **kwargs) return inner
2.有一個models表
import hashlib from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField("用戶名", max_length=64, unique=True) password = models.CharField("密碼", max_length=64) uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='我的惟一ID',max_length=64, unique=True) wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True) def save(self, *args, **kwargs): # 建立用戶時,爲用戶自動生成我的惟一ID if not self.pk: m = hashlib.md5() m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8")) self.uid = m.hexdigest() super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)
3.開始視圖部分:ajax
用戶登陸進來,註冊一個session,而後跳到了綁定頁面。django
def login(request): """ 用戶登陸 :param request: :return: """ # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='jesi',password=123) if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get('user') pwd = request.POST.get('pwd') obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first() if obj: # 登陸成功,將這三個值放到session中 request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid} return redirect('/bind/') else: return render(request, 'login.html')
4.bind給他返回一個頁面json
@auth def bind(request): """ 用戶登陸後,關注公衆號,並綁定我的微信(用於之後消息推送) :param request: :return: """ return render(request, 'bind.html')
5.這個頁面把上面的公招號圖片放進來。api
{% load staticfiles %} <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div style="width: 600px;margin: 0 auto"> <h1>請關注郭成測試服務號,並綁定我的用戶(用於之後的消息提醒)</h1> <div> <h3>第一步:關注郭成微信服務號</h3> <img style="height: 100px;width: 100px" src="{% static "img/jesi.jpg" %}"> </div> <input type="button" value="下一步【獲取綁定二維碼】" onclick="getBindUserQcode()"> <div> <h3>第二步:綁定我的帳戶</h3> <div id="qrcode" style="width: 250px;height: 250px;background-color: white;margin: 100px auto;"></div> </div> </div> <script src="{% static "js/jquery.min.js" %}"></script> <script src="{% static "js/jquery.qrcode.min.js" %}"></script> <script src="{% static "js/qrcode.js" %}"></script> <script> function getBindUserQcode() { $.ajax({ url: '/bind_qcode/', type: 'GET', success: function (result) { console.log(result); $('#qrcode').empty().qrcode({text: result.data}); } }); } </script> </body> </html>
6.這裏面掃碼關注後,點擊繼續掃碼,點擊事件發送一個請求數據,將這個數據作成一個URL自動生成一個二維碼。緩存
@auth def bind_qcode(request): """ 生成二維碼 :param request: :return: """ ret = {'code': 1000} try: access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect" access_url = access_url.format( appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx961b82840037d073', redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"], # 'http://47.99.191.149/callback/', state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 爲當前用戶生成MD5值 ) ret['data'] = access_url except Exception as e: ret['code'] = 1001 ret['msg'] = str(e) return JsonResponse(ret)
7.這個JS事件將前面的url生成一個二維碼。
8.用戶掃完下面的二維碼之後,訪問這個URL,而後
access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
掃完這個二維碼之後,綁定用戶,微信會自動訪問你的一個callback的URL,在callback的函數中將wx_id填入到登陸用戶中,以便之後推送消息。
def callback(request): """ 用戶在手機微信上掃碼後,微信自動調用該方法。 用於獲取掃碼用戶的惟一ID,之後用於給他推送消息。 :param request: :return: """ code = request.GET.get("code") # 用戶md5值 state = request.GET.get("state") # 獲取該用戶openId(用戶惟一,用於給用戶發送消息) res = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token", params={ "appid": 'wx961b82840037d073', "secret": 'c3f919fab6cd528a6ed727c911e1c599', "code": code, "grant_type": 'authorization_code', } ).json() # 獲取的到openid表示用戶受權成功 openid = res.get("openid") if openid: #將這個用戶的wx_id和他的用戶這條數據進行一個綁定 models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid) response = "<h1>受權成功 %s </h1>" % openid else: response = "<h1>用戶掃碼以後,手機上的提示</h1>" return HttpResponse(response)
效果:
一切完畢之後,就能夠進行,消息推送了。
推送視圖:
def sendmsg(request): def get_access_token(): """ 獲取微信全局接口的憑證(默認有效期倆個小時) 若是不天天請求次數過多, 經過設置緩存便可 """ result = requests.get( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token", params={ "grant_type": "client_credential", "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'], "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'], } ).json() if result.get("access_token"): access_token = result.get('access_token') else: access_token = None return access_token access_token = get_access_token() print(access_token) openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id def send_custom_msg(): body = { "touser": openid, "msgtype": "text", "text": { "content": '歡迎Python鬼才!' } } response = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8') ) # 這裏可根據回執code進行斷定是否發送成功(也能夠根據code根據錯誤信息) result = response.json() return result def send_template_msg(): """ 發送模版消息 """ res = requests.post( url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send", params={ 'access_token': access_token }, json={ "touser": openid, "template_id": 'w7OBa8MhE6sNxgNSnooTqB93kgvMbA8JEhwN85vjUdY', "data": { "first": { "value": "楊康", "color": "#173177" }, "keyword": { "value": "Python鬼才", "color": "#173177" }, } } ) result = res.json() return result result = send_template_msg() if result.get('errcode') == 0: return HttpResponse('發送成功') return HttpResponse('發送失敗')
這裏能夠直接發送消息,能夠發送一個模板,
收到的模板樣子是:
注意點:
這裏須要放你本身的IP公網地址,這樣子才能讓微信發起回調函數的執行!