IPFS 開發指南

時間 2019-11-07

標籤 ipfs 開發指南简体版

原文原文鏈接

IPFS 開發指南

go-ipfs是IPFS目前最爲完整的實現，其餘語言的實現版本正在開發之中。node

原文：https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs

IPFS implementation in Golinux

IPFS is a global, versioned, peer-to-peer filesystem. It combines good ideas from Git, BitTorrent, Kademlia, SFS, and the Web. It is like a single bittorrent swarm, exchanging git objects. IPFS provides an interface as simple as the HTTP web, but with permanence built in. You can also mount the world at /ipfs.git

For more info see: https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs.github

Please put all issues regarding IPFS design in the ipfs repo issues. Please put all issues regarding the Go IPFS implementation in this repo.golang

Security Issues

The IPFS protocol and its implementations are still in heavy development. This means that there may be problems in our protocols, or there may be mistakes in our implementations. And -- though IPFS is not production-ready yet -- many people are already running nodes in their machines. So we take security vulnerabilities very seriously. If you discover a security issue, please bring it to our attention right away!web

If you find a vulnerability that may affect live deployments -- for example, by exposing a remote execution exploit -- please send your report privately to security@ipfs.io. Please DO NOT file a public issue. The GPG key for security@ipfs.io is 4B9665FB 92636D17 7C7A86D3 50AAE8A9 59B13AF3.docker

If the issue is a protocol weakness that cannot be immediately exploited or something not yet deployed, just discuss it openly.bootstrap

Install

The canonical download instructions for IPFS are over at: http://ipfs.io/docs/install/. It is highly suggested you follow those instructions if you are not interested in working on IPFS development.windows

Install prebuilt packages

We host prebuilt binaries over at our distributions page.bash

From there:

Click the blue "Download go-ipfs" on the right side of the page.
Open/extract the archive.
Move ipfs to your path (install.sh can do it for you).

From Linux package managers

Arch Linux

In Arch Linux go-ipfs is available as go-ipfs package.

$ sudo pacman -S go-ipfs

Development version of go-ipfs is also on AUR under go-ipfs-git. You can install it using your favourite AUR Helper or manually from AUR.

Nix

For Linux and MacOSX you can use the purely functional package manager Nix:

$ nix-env -i ipfs

You can also install the Package by using it's attribute name, which is also ipfs.

Snap

With snap, in any of the supported Linux distributions:

$ sudo snap install ipfs

Build from Source

Install Go

The build process for ipfs requires Go 1.9 or higher. If you don't have it: Download Go 1.9+.

You'll need to add Go's bin directories to your $PATH environment variable e.g., by adding these lines to your /etc/profile (for a system-wide installation) or $HOME/.profile:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin

(If you run into trouble, see the Go install instructions).

Download and Compile IPFS

$ go get -u -d github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs

$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs
$ make install

If you are building on FreeBSD instead of make install use gmake install.

Building on less common systems

If your operating system isn't officially supported, but you still want to try building ipfs anyways (it should work fine in most cases), you can do the following instead of make install:

$ make install_unsupported

Note: This process may break if gx (used for dependency management) or any of its dependencies break as go get will always select the latest code for every dependency, often resulting in mismatched APIs.

Troubleshooting

Separate instructions are available for building on Windows.
Also, instructions for OpenBSD.
git is required in order for go get to fetch all dependencies.
Package managers often contain out-of-date golang packages. Ensure that go version reports at least 1.9. See above for how to install go.
If you are interested in development, please install the development dependencies as well.
WARNING: Older versions of OSX FUSE (for Mac OS X) can cause kernel panics when mounting! We strongly recommend you use the latest version of OSX FUSE. (See https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/issues/177)
For more details on setting up FUSE (so that you can mount the filesystem), see the docs folder.
Shell command completion is available in misc/completion/ipfs-completion.bash. Read docs/command-completion.md to learn how to install it.
See the init examples for how to connect IPFS to systemd or whatever init system your distro uses.

Development Dependencies

If you make changes to the protocol buffers, you will need to install the protoc compiler.

Updating

Updating using ipfs-update

IPFS has an updating tool that can be accessed through ipfs update. The tool is not installed alongside IPFS in order to keep that logic independent of the main codebase. To install ipfs update, download it here.

Downloading IPFS builds using IPFS

List the available versions of go-ipfs:

$ ipfs cat /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/versions

Then, to view available builds for a version from the previous command ($VERSION):

$ ipfs ls /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION

To download a given build of a version:

$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_darwin-386.tar.gz # darwin 32-bit build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_darwin-amd64.tar.gz # darwin 64-bit build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_freebsd-amd64.tar.gz # freebsd 64-bit build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_linux-386.tar.gz # linux 32-bit build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_linux-amd64.tar.gz # linux 64-bit build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_linux-arm.tar.gz # linux arm build
$ ipfs get /ipns/dist.ipfs.io/go-ipfs/$VERSION/go-ipfs_$VERSION_windows-amd64.zip # windows 64-bit build

Usage

ipfs - Global p2p merkle-dag filesystem.

  ipfs [<flags>] <command> [<arg>] ...

SUBCOMMANDS
  BASIC COMMANDS
    init          Initialize ipfs local configuration
    add <path>    Add a file to ipfs
    cat <ref>     Show ipfs object data
    get <ref>     Download ipfs objects
    ls <ref>      List links from an object
    refs <ref>    List hashes of links from an object

  DATA STRUCTURE COMMANDS
    block         Interact with raw blocks in the datastore
    object        Interact with raw dag nodes
    files         Interact with objects as if they were a unix filesystem

  ADVANCED COMMANDS
    daemon        Start a long-running daemon process
    mount         Mount an ipfs read-only mountpoint
    resolve       Resolve any type of name
    name          Publish or resolve IPNS names
    dns           Resolve DNS links
    pin           Pin objects to local storage
    repo          Manipulate an IPFS repository

  NETWORK COMMANDS
    id            Show info about ipfs peers
    bootstrap     Add or remove bootstrap peers
    swarm         Manage connections to the p2p network
    dht           Query the DHT for values or peers
    ping          Measure the latency of a connection
    diag          Print diagnostics

  TOOL COMMANDS
    config        Manage configuration
    version       Show ipfs version information
    update        Download and apply go-ipfs updates
    commands      List all available commands

  Use 'ipfs <command> --help' to learn more about each command.

  ipfs uses a repository in the local file system. By default, the repo is located
  at ~/.ipfs. To change the repo location, set the $IPFS_PATH environment variable:

    export IPFS_PATH=/path/to/ipfsrepo

Getting Started

To start using IPFS, you must first initialize IPFS's config files on your system, this is done with ipfs init. See ipfs init --help for information on the optional arguments it takes. After initialization is complete, you can use ipfs mount, ipfs add and any of the other commands to explore!

Some things to try

Basic proof of 'ipfs working' locally:

echo "hello world" > hello
ipfs add hello
# This should output a hash string that looks something like:
# QmT78zSuBmuS4z925WZfrqQ1qHaJ56DQaTfyMUF7F8ff5o
ipfs cat <that hash>

Docker usage

An IPFS docker image is hosted at hub.docker.com/r/ipfs/go-ipfs. To make files visible inside the container you need to mount a host directory with the -v option to docker. Choose a directory that you want to use to import/export files from IPFS. You should also choose a directory to store IPFS files that will persist when you restart the container.

export ipfs_staging=</absolute/path/to/somewhere/>
export ipfs_data=</absolute/path/to/somewhere_else/>

Start a container running ipfs and expose ports 4001, 5001 and 8080:

docker run -d --name ipfs_host -v $ipfs_staging:/export -v $ipfs_data:/data/ipfs -p 4001:4001 -p 127.0.0.1:8080:8080 -p 127.0.0.1:5001:5001 ipfs/go-ipfs:latest

Watch the ipfs log:

docker logs -f ipfs_host

Wait for ipfs to start. ipfs is running when you see:

Gateway (readonly) server
listening on /ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/8080

You can now stop watching the log.

Run ipfs commands:

docker exec ipfs_host ipfs <args...>

For example: connect to peers

docker exec ipfs_host ipfs swarm peers

Add files:

cp -r <something> $ipfs_staging
docker exec ipfs_host ipfs add -r /export/<something>

Stop the running container:

docker stop ipfs_host

Troubleshooting

If you have previously installed IPFS before and you are running into problems getting a newer version to work, try deleting (or backing up somewhere else) your IPFS config directory (~/.ipfs by default) and rerunning ipfs init. This will reinitialize the config file to its defaults and clear out the local datastore of any bad entries.

Please direct general questions and help requests to our forum or our IRC channel (freenode #ipfs).

If you believe you've found a bug, check the issues list and, if you dont see your problem there, either come talk to us on IRC (freenode #ipfs) or file an issue of your own!