【Nginx】使用certbot安裝免費https證書使Nginx支持Https請求

certbot官網：https://certbot.eff.org/lets-encrypt/centosrhel7-nginx

1、安裝步驟

1）安裝certbot，執行 

sudo yum install certbot python2-certbot-nginx

2）檢查是否安裝成功，執行 

certbot --help

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz ~]#  certbot --help
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/certbot", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('certbot==0.38.0', 'console_scripts', 'certbot')()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 561, in load_entry_point
    return get_distribution(dist).load_entry_point(group, name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2649, in load_entry_point
    return ep.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2303, in load
    return self.resolve()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2309, in resolve
    module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 17, in <module>
    from certbot import account
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/account.py", line 17, in <module>
    from acme import messages
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/acme/messages.py", line 11, in <module>
    from acme import challenges
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/acme/challenges.py", line 12, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 58, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/utils.py", line 32, in <module>
    from .exceptions import InvalidURL
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/exceptions.py", line 10, in <module>
    from .packages.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/packages/__init__.py", line 95, in load_module
    raise ImportError("No module named '%s'" % (name,))
ImportError: No module named 'requests.packages.urllib3'

3）解決上面沒有requests.packages.urllib3的問題，執行

pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall 'requests==2.6.0' urllib3

4）安裝證書，執行

sudo certbot --nginx

如：

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz ~]# sudo certbot --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
The nginx plugin is not working; there may be problems with your existing configuration.
The error was: NoInstallationError("Could not find a usable 'nginx' binary. Ensure nginx exists, the binary is executable, and your PATH is set correctly.",)

上面提示信息顯示沒有找到nginx，那麼

須要將nginx放到環境變量中，設置nginx軟鏈接

ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/ /etc/nginx

再次執行就OK了

sudo certbot --nginx 安裝證書

5）而後再一步一步的根據提示進行配置 

如：

[root@iz2zeb4argxs74khdclp2dz sbin]# sudo certbot --nginx
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator nginx, Installer nginx
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) (Enter 'c' to
cancel): 756623607@qq.com   // 1）設置郵箱，用於安全提示
Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(A)gree/(C)ancel: a    // 2）贊成協議 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work
encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: n    // 3）不共享你的郵箱

Which names would you like to activate HTTPS for?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
2: consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
3: student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
4: teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
5: wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate numbers separated by commas and/or spaces, or leave input
blank to select all options shown (Enter 'c' to cancel): 1 2 3 4 5  // 4）選擇須要激活https的域名
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http-01 challenge for consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http-01 challenge for student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http-01 challenge for teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
http-01 challenge for wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/admin-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/consultant-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/student-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/teacher-talkilla.conf
Deploying Certificate to VirtualHost /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/wechat-talkilla.conf

Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration.
2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for
new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this
change by editing your web server's configuration.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2  // 5）設置是否將http自動重定向到https，1否2是
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/admin-talkilla-http.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/consultant-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/student-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/teacher-talkilla.conf
Redirecting all traffic on port 80 to ssl in /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf.d/wechat-talkilla.conf

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled
https://admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn,
https://teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn, and
https://wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn

You should test your configuration at:
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=consultant.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=student.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=teacher.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=wechat.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn/fullchain.pem
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/admin.talkilla.jiushiyaokuaile.cn/privkey.pem
   Your cert will expire on 2020-01-06. To obtain a new or tweaked
   version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again
   with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of
   your certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - Your account credentials have been saved in your Certbot
   configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a
   secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will
   also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Certbot so
   making regular backups of this folder is ideal.
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

6） 配置自動更新證書

在證書到期以後更新證書，咱們能夠經過 certbot renew 命令來更新證書

藉助 Crontab 來編寫一個定時任務，按期強制更新一個這個證書，而後重啓 Nginx： 

Crontab 經過 crontab -e 命令編輯，經過 crontab -l 查看。

這樣就完成了 SSL 安全證書更新了。 

使用crontab -e 命令：

0 0 1 * * certbot renew
5 0 1 * * service nginx restart

7）當須要安裝新的證書

執行：

 sudo certbot run --nginx