nginx rewrite規則、參數、例子

 

正則表達式匹配，其中：

1. * ~ 爲區分大小寫匹配
2. * ~* 爲不區分大小寫匹配
3. * !~和!~*分別爲區分大小寫不匹配及不區分大小寫不匹配

文件及目錄匹配，其中：

1. * -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
2. * -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
3. * -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
4. * -x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執行

flag標記有：

1. * last 至關於Apache裏的[L]標記，表示完成rewrite
2. * break 終止匹配, 再也不匹配後面的規則
3. * redirect 返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
4. * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址

一些可用的全局變量有，能夠用作條件判斷(待補全)

1. $args
2. $content_length
3. $content_type
4. $document_root
5. $document_uri
6. $host
7. $http_user_agent
8. $http_cookie
9. $limit_rate
10. $request_body_file
11. $request_method
12. $remote_addr
13. $remote_port
14. $remote_user
15. $request_filename
16. $request_uri
17. $query_string
18. $scheme
19. $server_protocol
20. $server_addr
21. $server_name
22. $server_port
23. $uri

結合QeePHP的例子

1. if (!-d $request_filename) {
2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
4. break;

多目錄轉成參數
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2

1. if ($host ~* (.*)\.domain\.com) {
2. set $sub_name $1;
3. rewrite ^/sort\/(\d+)\/?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
4. }

目錄對換
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456

1. rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例以下面設定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下：

1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
3. }

目錄自動加「/」

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

禁止htaccess

1. location ~/\.ht {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止多個目錄

1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
2. deny all;
3. break;
4. }

禁止以/data開頭的文件
能夠禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;

1. location ~ ^/data {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止單個目錄
不能禁止.log.txt能請求

1. location /searchword/cron/ {
2. deny all;
3. }

禁止單個文件

1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
2. deny all;
3. }

給favicon.ico和robots.txt設置過時時間;
這裏爲favicon.ico爲99天,robots.txt爲7天並不記錄404錯誤日誌

1. location ~(favicon.ico) {
2. log_not_found off;
3. expires 99d;
4. break;
5. }
6.  
7. location ~(robots.txt) {
8. log_not_found off;
9. expires 7d;
10. break;
11. }

設定某個文件的過時時間;這裏爲600秒，並不記錄訪問日誌

1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
2. access_log off;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
4. expires 600;
5. break;
6. }

文件反盜鏈並設置過時時間
這裏的return 412 爲自定義的http狀態碼，默認爲403，方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求
「rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;」顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
「access_log off;」不記錄訪問日誌，減輕壓力
「expires 3d」全部文件3天的瀏覽器緩存

1. location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
3. if ($invalid_referer) {
4. rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
5. return 412;
6. break;
7. }
8. access_log off;
9. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
10. expires 3d;
11. break;
12. }

只充許固定ip訪問網站，並加上密碼

1. root /opt/htdocs/www;
2. allow 208.97.167.194;
3. allow 222.33.1.2;
4. allow 231.152.49.4;
5. deny all;
6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

將多級目錄下的文件轉成一個文件，加強seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

將根目錄下某個文件夾指向2級目錄
如/ shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/ shanghai/
若是你將last改爲permanent，那麼瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

這樣/shanghai 也能夠訪問了，但頁面中的相對連接沒法使用，
如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至沒法訪問。

那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需爲真實目錄，而個人rewrite不是的，因此沒有效果

1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }

知道緣由後就好辦了，讓我手動跳轉吧

1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向：

1. if (!-e $request_filename) {
2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
3. }

域名跳轉

1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
8. access_log off;
9. }

多域名轉向

1. server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
2. index index.html index.htm index.php;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
6. }

三級域名跳轉

1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
3. break;
4. }

域名鏡向

1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
8. access_log off;
9. }

某個子目錄做鏡向

1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
2. rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
3. break;
4. }

discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
2. rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;

discuz 7 rewrite

1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\%3D$4&page=$3 last;
4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名

1. server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
2.  
3. location = / {
4. if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
5. rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
6. break;
7. }
8. }

discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化

1. location ^~ /ucenter {
2. location ~ .*\.php?$
3. {
4. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
5. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
6. fastcgi_index index.php;
7. include fcgi.conf;
8. }
9.  
10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {
11. log_not_found off;
12. access_log off;
13. location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
14. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_big.gif;
15. }
16. location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
17. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_middle.gif;
18. }
19. location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
20. error_page 404 /ucenter/p_w_picpaths/noavatar_small.gif;
21. }
22. expires 300;
23. break;
24. }
25. }

jspace rewrite

1. location ~ .*\.php?$
2. {
3. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
4. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
5. fastcgi_index index.php;
6. include fcgi.conf;
7. }
8.  
9. location ~* ^/index.php/
10. {
11. rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
12. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
13. fastcgi_index index.php;
14. include fcgi.conf;
15. }