SQL Server 平常維護經典應用

SQL Server平常維護經常使用的一些腳本整理。

1.sql server開啓clr權限：

exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
ALTER DATABASE HWMESTC SET TRUSTWORTHY ON
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Database::HWMESTC TO sa;

2.查詢數據庫大小

Exec sp_spaceused
select name, convert(float,size) * (8192.0/1024.0)/1024. from dbo.sysfiles

3.數據庫日誌壓縮

--選擇須要使用的數據庫
USE PIMS --將數據庫模式設置爲SIMPLE
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY SIMPLE
-- 將日誌文件收縮到1M 
DBCC SHRINKFILE ('PIMS_log', 1)
-- 還原數據庫
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY FULL

4.查看數據庫鏈接用戶

Select * From sys.dm_exec_connections

5.查看當前佔用 cpu 資源最高的會話和其中執行的語句(及時CPU)

select spid,cmd,cpu,physical_io,memusage,
(select top 1 [text] from ::fn_get_sql(sql_handle)) sql_text
from master..sysprocesses order by cpu desc,physical_io desc

6.查看緩存中重用次數少，佔用內存大的查詢語句（當前緩存中未釋放的）--全局

SELECT TOP 100 usecounts, objtype, p.size_in_bytes,[sql].[text] 
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans p OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (p.plan_handle) sql 
ORDER BY usecounts,p.size_in_bytes  desc

7.看BUFFER POOL中，都緩存了哪些表(當前數據庫)的數據

select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) 表名,COUNT(*) 頁數,COUNT(*)*8/1024.0 Mb                              
from   sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors a,sys.allocation_units b,sys.partitions c                              
where  a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id   
       and b.container_id=c.hobt_id             
       and database_id=DB_ID()                              
group by OBJECT_NAME(object_id)                           
order by 2 desc  

8.查詢SQLSERVER內存使用狀況

select * from sys.dm_os_process_memory

9.查詢SqlServer整體的內存使用狀況

select      type,
sum(virtual_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Reserved_gb,--保留的內存  
sum(virtual_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Committed_gb,--提交的內存  
sum(awe_allocated_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as awe_Allocated_gb,--開啓AWE後使用的內存  
sum(shared_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Reserved_gb,--共享的保留內存  
sum(shared_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Committed_gb--共享的提交內存  
from    sys.dm_os_memory_clerks
group by type
order by type

10.查詢當前數據庫緩存的全部數據頁面，哪些數據表，緩存的數據頁面數量

-- 查詢當前數據庫緩存的全部數據頁面，哪些數據表，緩存的數據頁面數量
-- 從這些信息能夠看出，系統常常要訪問的都是哪些表，有多大？
select p.object_id, object_name=object_name(p.object_id), p.index_id, buffer_pages=count(*) 
from sys.allocation_units a, 
    sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors b, 
    sys.partitions p 
where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id 
    and a.container_id=p.hobt_id 
    and b.database_id=db_id()
group by p.object_id,p.index_id 
order by buffer_pages desc 

11.查詢緩存的各種執行計劃，及分別佔了多少內存

-- 查詢緩存的各種執行計劃，及分別佔了多少內存
-- 能夠對比動態查詢與參數化SQL（預約義語句）的緩存量
select    cacheobjtype
        , objtype
        , sum(cast(size_in_bytes as bigint))/1024 as size_in_kb
        , count(bucketid) as cache_count
from    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans
group by cacheobjtype, objtype
order by cacheobjtype, objtype

12.查詢緩存中具體的執行計劃，及對應的SQL

-- 查詢緩存中具體的執行計劃，及對應的SQL
-- 將此結果按照數據表或SQL進行統計，能夠做爲基線，調整索引時考慮
-- 查詢結果會很大，注意將結果集輸出到表或文件中
SELECT  usecounts ,
        refcounts ,
        size_in_bytes ,
        cacheobjtype ,
        objtype ,
        TEXT
FROM    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp
        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle)
ORDER BY objtype DESC ;
GO

13.查詢sql server內存總體使用狀況

--查詢sql server內存總體使用狀況
  SELECT object_name, cntr_value*0.1*10/1024/1024 ,cntr_value,cntr_type,t.counter_name,t.instance_name
  FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters t
  WHERE counter_name = 'Total Server Memory (KB)';

14.一次性清楚數據庫全部表的數據

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData  
AS  
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'  
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'  
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'  
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'  
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'  
EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'  
GO  

15.SQL優化相關、執行時間

SELECT creation_time  N'語句編譯時間'  
        ,last_execution_time  N'上次執行時間'  
        ,total_physical_reads N'物理讀取總次數'  
        ,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次邏輯讀次數'  
        ,total_logical_reads  N'邏輯讀取總次數'  
        ,total_logical_writes N'邏輯寫入總次數'  
        ,execution_count  N'執行次數'  
        ,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU總時間ms'  
        ,total_elapsed_time/1000  N'總花費時間ms'  
        ,(total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000  N'平均時間ms'  
        ,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,  
         ((CASE statement_end_offset   
          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)  
          ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END   
            - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'執行語句'  
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs  
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st  
WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,  
         ((CASE statement_end_offset   
          WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)  
          ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END   
            - qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) NOT LIKE '%fetch%'  
ORDER BY  total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;  

16.truncate外鍵表存儲過程

USE PIMS
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_Truncate_Table]
  @TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64)
AS 

BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON

--==變量定義
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)

DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)   
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)

 SET @Debug = 0--(0:將執行相關語句|1:不執行語句)
 SET @Recycle = 0--(0:不建立/不清除存儲表|1:將建立/清理存儲表)
 set @Verbose = 1--(1:每步執行均打印消息|0:不打印消息)

 SET @i = 1
    SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>]  WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
    SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
    SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'

-- 建立外鍵臨時表
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #FKs

-- 獲取外鍵
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
       OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
       OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
       clm1.name as ColumnName, 
       OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
       clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
  INTO #FKs
  FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
       JOIN sys.columns clm1 ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
       JOIN sys.columns clm2 ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
 --WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
 WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
 ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)

-- 外鍵操做(刪除|重建)表
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '1. 正在建立表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
    CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] 
    (
        ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
        FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
        FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
        FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
        Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
    ) 
END 
ELSE
BEGIN
    IF @Recycle = 0
    BEGIN
        IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
        TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]    
    END
    ELSE
        PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
END

IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '2. 正在備份外鍵定義...'           
    WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
    BEGIN
        SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
        SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)

        SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
        SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
        SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName) 

        INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
        SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp
        
        SET @i = @i + 1
        
        IF @Verbose = 1
            PRINT '  > 已備份外鍵:[' + @ConstraintName + '] 所屬表: [' + @TableName + ']'
    END   
END   
ELSE 
    PRINT '2. 正在備份外鍵定義...'

IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '3. 正在刪除外鍵...'
BEGIN TRAN    
BEGIN TRY
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1 
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '  > 已刪除外鍵:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END     

IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '4. 正在清理數據表...'
--先清除該外鍵所在表(因爲外鍵所在表仍可能又被其餘外鍵所引用，所以須要循環遞歸處理)(注：本處理未實現)
--請不要使用下面註釋代碼
/*    
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1 
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
        PRINT '  > ' + @Statement
END
*/

IF @Debug = 1 
    PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
ELSE
    EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')
IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '  > 已清理數據表[' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
    
IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '5. 正在重建外鍵...'
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
    SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
    IF @Debug = 1 
        PRINT @Statement
    ELSE
        EXEC(@Statement)
    SET @i = @i + 1
    IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '  > 已重建外鍵:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
    COMMIT
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    ROLLBACK 
    PRINT '出錯信息:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()
END CATCH
IF @Verbose = 1
    PRINT '6. 處理完成！'
END

 17. 查看job運行持續時間

SELECT 
     [T1].[job_id]
    ,[T1].[name] AS [job_name] 
    ,[T2].[run_status]
    ,[T2].[run_date]
    ,[T2].[run_time]
    ,[dbo].[agent_datetime]([T2].[run_date], [T2].[run_time]) AS [run_datetime]
    ,[T2].[run_duration]
    ,DATEDIFF(SECOND, '1900-01-01', DATEADD(SECOND, 31, [dbo].[agent_datetime](19000101, [run_duration]))) AS [run_duration_s]
FROM 
    [dbo].[sysjobs] AS T1
    INNER JOIN [dbo].[sysjobhistory] AS T2
        ON [T2].[job_id] = [T1].[job_id]
WHERE 
    [T1].[enabled] = 1
    AND [T2].[step_id] = 0
    AND [T2].[run_duration] >= 1
    and [T1].[name]='PIMS_CreatePaperCraftParameterAnalysisData'
ORDER BY
     [T2].[job_id] ASC
    ,[T2].[run_date] ASC
GO

 18. 從全部緩存中釋放全部未使用的緩存條目

DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL');

 19. 查詢、解除死鎖

--查詢表死鎖信息
select object_name(resource_associated_entity_id) as tableName, request_session_id as pid from sys.dm_tran_locks
where resource_type = 'OBJECT'

dbcc opentran

--查看死鎖的詳細信息、執行的sql語句
exec sp_who2 53
--exec sp_who 53 
DBCC inputbuffer (53)

--解除死鎖
kill 53

 20. 查詢SQL Server根據CPU消耗列出前5個最差性能的查詢

-- Worst performing CPU bound queries
SELECT TOP 5
    st.text,
    qp.query_plan,
    qs.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp
ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC
GO

 21. 顯示如何依據I/O消耗來找出你性能最差的查詢

-- Worst performing I/O bound queries
SELECT TOP 5
    st.text,
    qp.query_plan,
    qs.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp
ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC
GO

22. 查詢服務器部分特殊信息

select SERVERPROPERTY(N'edition') as Edition     --數據版本，如企業版、開發版等
    ,SERVERPROPERTY(N'collation') as Collation   --數據庫字符集
    ,SERVERPROPERTY(N'servername') as ServerName --服務名
    ,@@VERSION as Version   --數據庫版本號
    ,@@LANGUAGE AS Language  --數據庫使用的語言，如us_english等

 23.查詢數據庫中各數據表大小

-- =============================================
-- 描  述：更新查詢數據庫中各表的大小，結果存儲到數據表中
-- =============================================

    --查詢是否存在結果存儲表
    IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects where id = OBJECT_ID(N'temp_tableSpaceInfo') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
    BEGIN
        --不存在則建立
        CREATE TABLE temp_tableSpaceInfo
        (name NVARCHAR(128), 
        rows char(11), 
        reserved VARCHAR(18),
        data VARCHAR(18),
        index_size VARCHAR(18),
        unused VARCHAR(18))
    END
    --清空數據表
    DELETE FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo

    --定義臨時變量在遍歷時存儲表名稱
    DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR(255)

    --使用遊標讀取數據庫內全部表表名
    DECLARE table_list_cursor CURSOR FOR 
    SELECT name FROM sysobjects 
    WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsTable') = 1 AND name NOT LIKE N'#%%' ORDER BY name

    --打開遊標
    OPEN table_list_cursor
    --讀取第一條數據
    FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename 

    --遍歷查詢到的表名
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        --檢查當前表是否爲用戶表
        IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
        BEGIN
            --當前表則讀取其信息插入到表格中
            EXECUTE sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO temp_tableSpaceInfo EXEC sp_spaceused @tbname', N'@tbname varchar(255)', @tbname = @tablename
        END
        --讀取下一條數據
        FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename 
    END

    --釋放遊標
    CLOSE table_list_cursor
    DEALLOCATE table_list_cursor

    SELECT *,replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 數據表大小M FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo order by replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 desc
    drop table temp_tableSpaceInfo

24.壓縮數據庫、文件、日誌

DBCC ShrinkFile(‘數據庫名’,  targetsize);            /* 收縮數據庫文件 */
DBCC ShrinkFile(‘數據庫名_log’,  targetsize);        /* 收縮日誌文件 */
Targetsize：單位爲兆，必須爲整數，DBCC SHRINKFILE 嘗試將文件收縮到指定大小。

DBCC SHRINKFILE 不會將文件收縮到小於「實際使用的空間」大小，例如「分配空間」爲10M，「實際使用空間」爲6M，當制定targetsize爲1時，則將該文件收縮到6M，不會將文件收縮到1M。

--收縮數據庫
DBCC SHRINKDATABASE(數據庫名，百分比)
百分比：即「收縮後文件中的最大可用空間」，取值範圍「大於等於0， 小於100%」，實際使用中設爲0便可。

 25.用擴展時間抓取過去的死鎖信息

DECLARE @SessionName SysName 

SELECT @SessionName = 'system_health'


IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Events') IS NOT NULL BEGIN
    DROP TABLE #Events
END

DECLARE @Target_File NVarChar(1000)
    , @Target_Dir NVarChar(1000)
    , @Target_File_WildCard NVarChar(1000)

SELECT @Target_File = CAST(t.target_data as XML).value('EventFileTarget[1]/File[1]/@name', 'NVARCHAR(256)')
FROM sys.dm_xe_session_targets t
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_xe_sessions s ON s.address = t.event_session_address
WHERE s.name = @SessionName
    AND t.target_name = 'event_file'

SELECT @Target_Dir = LEFT(@Target_File, Len(@Target_File) - CHARINDEX('\', REVERSE(@Target_File))) 

SELECT @Target_File_WildCard = @Target_Dir + '\'  + @SessionName + '_*.xel'

--Keep this as a separate table because it's called twice in the next query.  You don't want this running twice.
SELECT DeadlockGraph = CAST(event_data AS XML)
    , DeadlockID = Row_Number() OVER(ORDER BY file_name, file_offset)
INTO #Events
FROM sys.fn_xe_file_target_read_file(@Target_File_WildCard, null, null, null) AS F
WHERE event_data like '<event name="xml_deadlock_report%'

;WITH Victims AS
(
    SELECT VictimID = Deadlock.Victims.value('@id', 'varchar(50)')
        , e.DeadlockID 
    FROM #Events e
        CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/victim-list/victimProcess') as Deadlock(Victims)
)
, DeadlockObjects AS
(
    SELECT DISTINCT e.DeadlockID
        , ObjectName = Deadlock.Resources.value('@objectname', 'nvarchar(256)')
    FROM #Events e
        CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/resource-list/*') as Deadlock(Resources)
)
SELECT *
FROM
(
    SELECT e.DeadlockID
        , TransactionTime = Deadlock.Process.value('@lasttranstarted', 'datetime')
        , DeadlockGraph
        , DeadlockObjects = substring((SELECT (', ' + o.ObjectName)
                            FROM DeadlockObjects o
                            WHERE o.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID
                            ORDER BY o.ObjectName
                            FOR XML PATH ('')
                            ), 3, 4000)
        , Victim = CASE WHEN v.VictimID IS NOT NULL 
                            THEN 1 
                        ELSE 0 
                        END
        , SPID = Deadlock.Process.value('@spid', 'int')
        , ProcedureName = Deadlock.Process.value('executionStack[1]/frame[1]/@procname[1]', 'varchar(200)')
        , LockMode = Deadlock.Process.value('@lockMode', 'char(1)')
        , Code = Deadlock.Process.value('executionStack[1]/frame[1]', 'varchar(1000)')
        , ClientApp = CASE LEFT(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'), 29)
                        WHEN 'SQLAgent - TSQL JobStep (Job '
                            THEN 'SQLAgent Job: ' + (SELECT name FROM msdb..sysjobs sj WHERE substring(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'),32,32)=(substring(sys.fn_varbintohexstr(sj.job_id),3,100))) + ' - ' + SUBSTRING(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'), 67, len(Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)'))-67)
                        ELSE Deadlock.Process.value('@clientapp', 'varchar(100)')
                        END 
        , HostName = Deadlock.Process.value('@hostname', 'varchar(20)')
        , LoginName = Deadlock.Process.value('@loginname', 'varchar(20)')
        , InputBuffer = Deadlock.Process.value('inputbuf[1]', 'varchar(1000)')
    FROM #Events e
        CROSS APPLY e.DeadlockGraph.nodes('/event/data/value/deadlock/process-list/process') as Deadlock(Process)
        LEFT JOIN Victims v ON v.DeadlockID = e.DeadlockID AND v.VictimID = Deadlock.Process.value('@id', 'varchar(50)')
) X
ORDER BY DeadlockID DESC

View Code

 26.數據庫對象信息檢索

--查看對象的說明信息
exec sp_help 'T_papermachine'
--顯示視圖、存儲過程、函數、觸發器的定義腳本。 
exec sp_helptext 'proc_report_getmeasuredata' 
--顯示錶的行數和佔用空間。  
exec sp_spaceused  'T_papermachine'
--顯示錶或視圖的前100行，選定「tablename,1000」按Ctrl+F1可顯示錶的前1000行。
exec sp_executesql N'IF OBJECT_ID(@tablename) IS NOT NULL EXEC(N''SELECT TOP(''+@n+N'') * FROM ''+@tablename)',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''t_papermachine'',@n int=100' 
--顯示錶中每一個索引佔用的空間。  
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT index_name = ind.name, ddps.used_page_count, ddps.reserved_page_count, ddps.row_count FROM sys.indexes ind INNER JOIN sys.dm_db_partition_stats ddps ON ind.object_id = ddps.object_id AND ind.index_id = ddps.index_id WHERE ind.object_id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename)',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''t_papermachine''' 
--顯示錶或視圖的字段名，以逗號分隔。  
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT columns = STUFF((SELECT '', ''+name FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) FOR XML PATH('''')),1,2,'''')',N'@tablename nvarchar(100)=''T_Papermachine''' 
--根據選定關鍵詞在當前數據庫中查找表、視圖、存儲過程、函數  
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type IN (''U'',''V'',''P'',''FN'') AND name LIKE ''%''+@keyword+''%'' ORDER BY type,name',N'@keyword nvarchar(50)=''machine'''  
--查詢數據庫中包含指定關鍵詞的表、視圖、存儲過程、函數
select routine_name,routine_definition,routine_type
from information_schema.routines
where routine_definition like '%AssessmentSpeed%'
order by routine_type
--模糊查詢存儲過程sql中包含某個文本
SELECT obj.Name 存儲過程名, sc.TEXT 存儲過程內容
FROM syscomments sc
INNER JOIN sysobjects obj ON sc.Id = obj.ID
WHERE sc.TEXT LIKE '%存儲過程內容%'

27.數據庫用戶、權限操做

USE [master]
GO
--待確認帳號密碼
CREATE LOGIN [NDIT] WITH PASSWORD=N'1', DEFAULT_DATABASE=[PIMS], CHECK_EXPIRATION=OFF, CHECK_POLICY=OFF
GO
USE PIMS
go
CREATE USER [NDIT] FOR LOGIN [NDIT]
GO
--大權限， 若是是指定的部分表，不執行這個，若是是全部內容均可以讀，用此腳本
--EXEC sp_addrolemember N'db_datareader', N'NDIT'
--GO
--指定特定表名賦予新增/更新/查詢
DECLARE @Sql NVARCHAR(max)
SET @Sql=''
--table
--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.tables AS a WHERE name IN ('Tab1','Tab2');
--view
--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.views AS a WHERE name IN ('view1','view2');
--procedure
--SELECT @Sql=@Sql+'GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,SELECT ON ['+a.name+'] TO [NDIT];' FROM sys.procedures AS a WHERE name IN ('proc1','proc2');

PRINT @Sql

EXEC(@Sql)
go

--禁用登錄賬戶
alter login NDIT disable
--啓用登錄賬戶
alter login NDIT enable

--登錄賬戶更名
alter login NDIT with name=dba_tom

--登錄賬戶改密碼： 
alter login NDIT with password='aabb@ccdd'

--數據庫用戶更名： 
alter user NDIT with name=dba_tom

--更改數據庫用戶 defult_schema： 
alter user NDIT with default_schema=sales

--刪除數據庫用戶： 
drop user NDIT

--刪除 SQL Server登錄賬戶： 
drop login NDIT

 

 28.使用Checksum結合NewID得到隨機數

Create FUNCTION Scalar_CheckSumNEWID  
(  
    @From int,  
    @To int,  
    @Keep int,  
    @newid varchar(50)  
)  
RETURNS float  
BEGIN  
    DECLARE @ResultVar float  
    SELECT @ResultVar=CONVERT(BIGINT,RIGHT(ABS(CHECKSUM(@newid)),9))*0.1/100000000  
    RETURN @From+round((@To-@From)*@ResultVar,@Keep)  
END  
GO  

 29. 查詢數據庫表字段各項屬性信息，便於直接複製導出excel表

SELECT  
     表名       = Case When A.colorder=1 Then D.name Else '' End,  
     表說明     = Case When A.colorder=1 Then isnull(F.value,'') Else '' End,  
     字段序號   = A.colorder,  
     字段名     = A.name,  
     字段說明   = isnull(G.[value],''),  
     標識       = Case When COLUMNPROPERTY( A.id,A.name,'IsIdentity')=1 Then '√'Else '' End,  
     主鍵       = Case When exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects Where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=A.id and name in (  
                      SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = A.id AND colid=A.colid))) then '√' else '' end,  
     類型       = B.name,  
     佔用字節數 = A.Length,  
     長度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'PRECISION'),  
     小數位數   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(A.id,A.name,'Scale'),0),  
     容許空     = Case When A.isnullable=1 Then '√'Else '' End,  
     默認值     = isnull(E.Text,'')  
 FROM  
     syscolumns A  
 Left Join  
     systypes B  
 On  
     A.xusertype=B.xusertype  
 Inner Join  
     sysobjects D  
 On  
     A.id=D.id  and D.xtype='U' and  D.name<>'dtproperties'  
 Left Join  
     syscomments E  
 on  
     A.cdefault=E.id  
 Left Join  
 sys.extended_properties  G  
 on  
     A.id=G.major_id and A.colid=G.minor_id  
 Left Join  
  
 sys.extended_properties F  
 On  
     D.id=F.major_id and F.minor_id=0  
     --where d.name='OrderInfo'    --若是隻查詢指定表,加上此條件  
 Order By  
     A.id,A.colorder  

View Code

 30. 判斷是否存在數據庫、表、列、視圖

1 判斷數據庫是否存在
if exists (select * from sys.databases where name = '數據庫名')  
  drop database [數據庫名] 

2 判斷表是否存在
if exists (select * from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[表名]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)  
  drop table [表名] 

3 判斷存儲過程是否存在
if exists (select * from sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[存儲過程名]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)  
  drop procedure [存儲過程名]


4 判斷臨時表是否存在
if object_id('tempdb..#臨時表名') is not null    
  drop table #臨時表名

5 判斷視圖是否存在 

--判斷是否存在'MyView52'這個試圖
IF EXISTS (SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS WHERE TABLE_NAME = N'MyView52')
PRINT '存在'
else
PRINT '不存在'
6 判斷函數是否存在 
--  判斷要建立的函數名是否存在    
  if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[函數名]') and xtype in (N'FN', N'IF', N'TF'))    
  drop function [dbo].[函數名] 

7 獲取用戶建立的對象信息

SELECT [name],[id],crdate FROM sysobjects where xtype='U' 


   

8 判斷列是否存在
if exists(select * from syscolumns where id=object_id('表名') and name='列名')  
  alter table 表名 drop column 列名

9 判斷列是否自增列
if columnproperty(object_id('table'),'col','IsIdentity')=1  
  print '自增列'  
else  
  print '不是自增列'
  
SELECT * FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id=OBJECT_ID('表名')  AND is_identity=1

10 判斷表中是否存在索引


if exists(select * from sysindexes where id=object_id('表名') and name='索引名')    
  print  '存在'    
else    
  print  '不存在'

刪除索引 drop index 表名.索引名 

        或: drop index 索引名  on 表名(貌似2000不行)

11 查看數據庫中對象

SELECT * FROM sys.sysobjects WHERE name='對象名'  SELECT * FROM sys.sysobjects WHERE name='對象名'

View Code

 31. CTE查詢的存儲過程執行時間明顯超出T-Sql查詢。 能夠經過添加「WITH RECOMPILE」參數，強制存儲過程每次執行時重編譯，實現快速查詢。

大神的帖子： Parameter Sniffing, Embedding, and the RECOMPILE Options 

 32. 解決insert exec 嵌套問題，解決辦法是創建一個指向本身的數據庫，增長連接服務器。

--1. 首先，增長連接服務器：

   exec sp_addlinkedserver 'srv1','','SQLOLEDB','(local)'   
   exec sp_addlinkedsrvlogin 'srv1','false',null,'sa','sa'

--2. 其次找到該連接服務器，右鍵屬性，開啓RPC：

   服務器對象->連接服務器->右鍵->屬性->服務器選項->RPC、RPC Out 都設置爲True

--3. 啓動MSDTC服務：

  服務名稱爲：MSDTC（顯示名稱爲Distributed Transaction Coordinator）

  若是沒啓動會報錯以下：MSDTC on server 'servername' is unavailable 

--4. 調整存儲過程訪問，使用srv1調用存儲過程 

  insert #Temp exec srv1.DBName.dbo.Proc_Test @param 

--5. 成功！結束！

 33. 查詢數據庫鏈接數、用戶等

--查看鏈接到數據庫"DB"的鏈接
SELECT * from master.dbo.sysprocesses WHERE dbid = DB_ID('DB')
--查詢某個數據庫用戶的鏈接狀況
sp_who 'sa'
--查看數據庫容許的最大鏈接
select @@MAX_CONNECTIONS
--查看數據庫自上次啓動以來的鏈接次數
SELECT @@CONNECTIONS
--關閉鏈接，上面的查詢能夠獲得spid，根據spid，關閉進程就能夠了。
kill 54

 

 

參考：http://geekswithblogs.net/nar...