一.路由彙總css
import Vue from 'vue' import Router from 'vue-router' import PageFirst from './views/PageFirst' import PageSecond from './views/PageSecond' import Course from './views/Course' import CourseDetail from './views/CourseDetail' Vue.use(Router); export default new Router({ mode: 'history', // 組件更換模擬頁面轉跳造成瀏覽器歷史記錄 base: process.env.BASE_URL, routes: [ // 路由就是 url路徑 與 vue組件 的映射關係 // 映射出的組件會替換 根組件 中的 router-view 標籤 // 經過 router-link 標籤完成 url路徑 的切換 { path: '/page-first', name: 'page-first', component: PageFirst }, { path: '/page/first', redirect:{'name':'page-first'} }, { path: '/page-second', name: 'page-second', component: PageSecond }, { path: '/course', name: 'course', component: Course }, { // path: '/course/detail/:pk', // 第一種路由傳參 path: '/course/detail', // 第2、三種路由傳參 name: 'course-detail', component: CourseDetail }, ] })
二.課程詳情頁面組件CourseDetail.vue經過點擊CourseCard.vue中內容獲取id渲染前端
let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk;
( $route.params 數據包方式向後臺發送,或者有名分組 $route.query 路由路徑拼接)
<template> <div class="course-detail"> <h1>詳情頁</h1> <hr> <div class="detail"> <div class="header" :style="{background: course_ctx.bgColor}"></div> <div class="body"> <div class="left">{{ course_ctx.title }}</div> <div class="right">{{ course_ctx.ctx }}</div> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseDetail", data() { return { course_ctx: '', val: '', } }, created() { // 需求:獲取課程主頁傳遞過來的課程id,經過課程id拿到該課程的詳細信息 // 這是模擬後臺的假數據 - 後期要換成從後臺請求真數據 let detail_list = [ { id: 1, bgColor: 'red', title: 'Python基礎', ctx: 'Python從入門到入土!' }, { id: 3, bgColor: 'blue', title: 'Django入土', ctx: '扶我起來,我還能戰!' }, { id: 8, bgColor: 'yellow', title: 'MySQL刪庫高級', ctx: '九九八十二種刪庫跑路姿式!' }, ]; // let id = 1; // this.$route是專門管理路由數據的,下面的方式是無論哪一種傳參方式,均可以接收 let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk; for (let dic of detail_list) { if (dic.id == id) { this.course_ctx = dic; break; } } } } </script> <style scoped> h1 { text-align: center; } .detail { width: 80%; margin: 20px auto; } .header { height: 150px; } .body:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left, .right { float: left; width: 50%; font: bold 40px/150px 'Arial'; text-align: center; } .left { background-color: aqua } .right { background-color: aquamarine } .edit { width: 80%; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .edit input { width: 260px; height: 40px; font-size: 30px; vertical-align: top; margin-right: 20px; } .edit button { width: 80px; height: 46px; vertical-align: top; } </style>
三.CourseCard.vue中的跳轉vue
首先,CourseCard中的數據是組件父傳子傳進來的,也就是從Course中拿到的(須要導入,註冊,渲染)ios
Course.vue:ajax
<template> <div class="course"> <Nav></Nav> <h1>課程主頁</h1> <CourseCard :card="card" v-for="card in card_list" :key="card.tytle"></CourseCard> </div> </template> <script> import Nav from '@/components/Nav' import CourseCard from '@/components/CourseCard' export default { name: "Course", data() { return { card_list: [] } }, components: { Nav, CourseCard }, created() { let cards = [ { id: 1, bgColor: 'red', title: 'Python基礎' }, { id: 3, bgColor: 'blue', title: 'Django入土' }, { id: 8, bgColor: 'yellow', title: 'MySQL刪庫高級' }, ]; this.card_list = cards; } } </script> <style scoped> h1 { text-align: center; background-color: brown; } </style>
CourseCard.vue邏輯跳轉(經過go可實現先後跳轉):vue-router
<template> <div class="course-card"> <div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgColor}"></div> <div class="right" @click="goto_detail">{{ card.title }}</div> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseCard", props: ['card'], methods: { goto_detail() { // 注:在跳轉以前能夠完成其餘一些相關的業務邏輯,再去跳轉 let id = this.card.id; // 實現邏輯跳轉 // 第一種 this.$router.push(`/course/detail/${id}`); // 第二種 this.$router.push({ 'name': 'course-detail', params: {pk: id} }); // 第三種 this.$router.push({ 'name': 'course-detail', query: {pk: id} }); // 在當前頁面時,有前歷史記錄與後歷史記錄 // go(-1)表示返回上一頁 // go(2)表示去向下兩頁 // this.$router.go(-1) } } } </script> <style scoped> .course-card { margin: 10px 0 10px; } .course-card div { float: left; } .course-card:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left { width: 50%; height: 120px; background-color: blue; } .right { width: 50%; height: 120px; background-color: tan; font: bold 30px/120px 'STSong'; text-align: center; } </style>
CourseCard.vue連接跳轉:vuex
<template> <div class="course-card"> <div class="left" :style="{background: card.bgColor}"></div> <!-- 連接跳轉 --> <!--第一種 --> <!--<router-link :to="`/course/detail/${card.id}`" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> <!--第二種 --> <!--<router-link :to="{--> <!--name: 'course-detail',--> <!--params: {pk: card.id},--> <!--}" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> <!--第三種 --> <!--<router-link :to="{--> <!--name: 'course-detail',--> <!--query: {pk: card.id}--> <!--}" class="right">{{ card.title }}</router-link>--> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "CourseCard", props: ['card'], } </script> <style scoped> .course-card { margin: 10px 0 10px; } .left, .right { float: left; } .course-card:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } .left { width: 50%; height: 120px; background-color: blue; } .right { width: 50%; height: 120px; background-color: tan; font: bold 30px/120px 'STSong'; text-align: center; } </style>
連接轉調演變體:npm
""" { path: '/course/:pk/:name/detail', name: 'course-detail', component: CourseDetail } <router-link :to="`/course/${card.id}/${card.title}/detail`">詳情頁</router-link> let id = this.$route.params.pk let title = this.$route.params.name """
四.vuex倉庫django
vuex倉庫是vue全局的數據倉庫,比如一個單例,在任何組件中經過this.$store來共享這個倉庫中的數據,完成跨組件間的信息交互。
vuex倉庫中的數據,會在瀏覽器刷新後重置
store.js:element-ui
import Vue from 'vue' import Vuex from 'vuex' Vue.use(Vuex); export default new Vuex.Store({ state: { // 設置任何組件都能訪問的共享數據 course_page: '' }, mutations: { // 經過外界的新值來修改倉庫中共享數據的值 updateCoursePage(state, new_value) { console.log(state); console.log(new_value); state.course_page = new_value; } }, actions: {} })
// 獲取 let course_page = this.$store.state.course_page // 直接修改 this.$store.state.course_page = '新值' // 方法修改 this.$store.commit('updateCoursePage', '新值');
案例:
course.vue:
data() { return { card_list: [], course_page: this.$store.state.course_page || '課程主頁' // course_page: sessionStorage.course_page || '課程主頁' } },
coursedetail.vue
methods:{ editAction(){ if (this.val){ console.log(this.val) // sessionStorage.course_page=this.val // this.$store.state.course_page=this.val this.$store.commit('updateCoursePage', this.val); this.$router.push('/course') // this.$router.go(-1) } }
五.後臺發送數據
url.py:
url(r'^course/detail/(?P<pk>.*)/', views.course_detail),
views.py:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.http import JsonResponse detail_list = [ { 'id': 1, 'bgColor': 'red', "title": "Python基礎", 'ctx': 'Python從入門到入土!' }, { 'id': 3, 'bgColor': 'blue', 'title': 'Django入土', 'ctx': '扶我起來,我還能戰!' }, { 'id': 8, 'bgColor': 'yellow', 'title': 'MySQL刪庫高級', 'ctx': '九九八十二種刪庫跑路姿式!' }, ] # Create your views here. def course_detail(request,pk): data = {} for detail in detail_list: if detail['id'] == int(pk): data = detail break return JsonResponse(data,json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii':False})
npm install axios --save
// 配置axios,完成ajax請求 import axios from 'axios' Vue.prototype.$axios = axios;
created() { // 組件建立成功的鉤子函數 // 拿到要訪問課程詳情的課程id let id = this.$route.params.pk || this.$route.query.pk || 1; this.$axios({ url: `http://127.0.0.1:8000/course/detail/${id}/`, // 後臺接口 method: 'get', // 請求方式 }).then(response => { // 請求成功 console.log('請求成功'); console.log(response.data); this.course_ctx = response.data; // 將後臺數據賦值給前臺變量完成頁面渲染 }).catch(error => { // 請求失敗 console.log('請求失敗'); console.log(error); }) }
後臺服務器默認只爲本身的程序提供數據,其它程序來獲取數據,均可能跨域問題(同源策略)
一個運行在服務上的程序,包含:協議、ip 和 端口,因此有一個成員不相同都是跨域問題
出現跨域問題,瀏覽器會拋 CORS 錯誤
pip install django-cors-headers
# 註冊app INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'corsheaders' ] # 添加中間件 MIDDLEWARE = [ ... 'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware' ] # 容許跨域源 CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = False # 設置白名單 CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = [ # 本機建議就配置127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1不等於localhost 'http://127.0.0.1:8080', 'http://localhost:8080', ]
cnpm install vue-cookie --save
// 配置cookie import cookie from 'vue-cookie' Vue.prototype.$axios = cookie;
使用:
created() { console.log('組件建立成功'); let token = 'asd1d5.0o9utrf7.12jjkht'; // 設置cookie默認過時時間單位是1d(1天) this.$cookie.set('token', token, 1); }, mounted() { console.log('組件渲染成功'); let token = this.$cookie.get('token'); console.log(token); }, destroyed() { console.log('組件銷燬成功'); this.$cookie.delete('token') }
九.
cnpm i element-ui -S
// 配置element-ui import ElementUI from 'element-ui'; import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css'; Vue.use(ElementUI);
<template> <div class="e-ui"> <Nav></Nav> <h1>element-ui</h1> <hr> <el-row :gutter="10"> <el-col :span="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :span="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :span="10" :offset="2"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> </el-row> <el-container> <el-main> <el-row :gutter="10"> <el-col :sm="18" :md="12" :lg="6"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> <el-col :sm="6" :md="12" :lg="18"> <div class="grid-content bg-purple"></div> </el-col> </el-row> </el-main> </el-container> <el-row> <i class="el-icon-platform-eleme"></i> <el-button type="primary" @click="alertAction1">信息框</el-button> <el-button type="success" @click="alertAction2">彈出框</el-button> </el-row> </div> </template> <script> import Nav from '@/components/Nav' export default { name: "EUI", components: { Nav }, methods: { alertAction1() { this.$message({ type: 'success', message: 'message信息', }) }, alertAction2() { this.$alert('內容...', '標題') }, } } </script> <style scoped> .e-ui { width: 100%; height: 800px; background: pink; } h1 { text-align: center; } .grid-content { height: 40px; background-color: brown; margin-bottom: 10px; } i { font-size: 30px; } </style>