【Azure Developer】【Python 】使用 azure.identity 和 azure.common.credentials 獲取Azure AD的Access Token的兩種方式

問題描述

使用Python代碼，展現如何從Azure AD 中獲取目標資源的 Access Token。

如要了解如何從AAD中獲取 client id，client secret，tenant id，請參考博文：【Azure Developer】Python代碼經過AAD認證訪問微軟Azure密鑰保管庫(Azure Key Vault)中機密信息(Secret) 中的操做步驟一欄。

代碼展現

獲取方式一：使用 azure.identity

1）調用 ClientSecretCredential 方法，經過client_id， client_secret ，tenant_id 以及 authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA，初始化 credentials 對象

2）調用對象中的 get_token方法，特別注意參數 scopes 的傳遞，如 "https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default", 若是缺乏.default，則會提示參數錯誤(詳見[碰見問題]部分)

  print("方式一: ClientSecretCredential")

from azure.identity import ClientSecretCredential

credentials = ClientSecretCredential(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', client_secret='.~V9ij1.5Y_F8rL_k8DNpj~RSLFf~H56nH', tenant_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587',authority=AzureAuthorityHosts.AZURE_CHINA)

token =credentials.get_token("https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default")

print(token)

 

調用方式二：使用 azure.common.credentials 

1) 調用 ServicePrincipalCredentials 方法，一樣經過參數 client_id, secret, tenant, resource 和 china='true' ， 初始化 credentials 對象

2) 解析credentials對象，獲取Token中的 access_token屬性值。credentials.token['access_token']

print("方式二: ServicePrincipalCredentials")
from azure.common.credentials import ServicePrincipalCredentials

credentials = ServicePrincipalCredentials(client_id='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-76f50363af33', secret='.~xxxx.xxxx~xxxx~xxxx', tenant='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-1316152d9587', resource='https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/', china='true')

access_token = credentials.token['access_token']
print(access_token)

 

方式一和方式二執行的結果相同

 

 PS: 使用 https://jwt.io/ 能夠Decoded token 內容。已可讀方式查看。

 

 

碰見問題

錯誤一：get_token 提示 requires at least one scope。 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "client.py", line 7, in <module>
    print(credentials.get_token(scopes=""))
  File "C:\Users\bulu\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.8_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python38\site-packages\azure\identity\_internal\get_token_mixin.py", line 64, in get_tokent_token_mixin.py", line 64, 
in get_token    raise ValueError('"get_token" requires at least one scope')
ValueError: "get_token" requires at least one scope

錯誤的緣由就是輸入的scope參數不正確。須要輸入「https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" 攜帶.default。 

The /.default scope is built in for every application that refers to the static list of permissions configured on the application registration. Source: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

 

 

參考資料

The /.default scope: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-permissions-and-consent#the-default-scope

identity Package: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity?view=azure-python

AzureAuthorityHosts Class：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/python/api/azure-identity/azure.identity.azureauthorityhosts?view=azure-python