c/c++ linux epoll系列1 建立epoll

linux epoll系列1 建立epoll

聽說select和poll的弱點是，隨着鏈接（socket）的增長，性能會直線降低。

epoll不會隨着鏈接（socket）的增長，性能直線降低。

知識點：

1，epoll_wait函數是阻塞的，直到有socket發生變化。

2，epoll使用流程，先建立(epoll_create)，再把socket添加到epoll裏(epoll_ctl)，而後等待socket的變化(epoll_wait)

接收端，接收2個socket

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define EVENTS 12

int main(){
  int sock1, sock2;
  sockaddr_in addr1, addr2;
  int epfd;
  epoll_event ev, ev_ret[EVENTS];
  char buf[2048];
  int i;
  int nfds;
  int n;

  //建立2個接受消息的socket
  sock1 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  sock2 = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
  addr1.sin_family = AF_INET;
  addr2.sin_family = AF_INET;

  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &addr1.sin_addr.s_addr);
  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &addr2.sin_addr.s_addr);

  addr1.sin_port = htons(11111);
  addr2.sin_port = htons(22222);

  bind(sock1, (sockaddr*)&addr1, sizeof(addr1));
  bind(sock2, (sockaddr*)&addr2, sizeof(addr2));

  //參數不小於0就行
  epfd = epoll_create(1);
  if(epfd < 0){
    perror("epoll_create");
    return 1;
  }

  memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
  ev.events = EPOLLIN;//只讀
  ev.data.fd = sock1;//把sock1加到epoll
  if(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sock1, &ev) != 0){
    perror("epoll_ctl");
    return 1;
  }

  memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
  ev.events = EPOLLIN;//只讀
  ev.data.fd = sock2;//把sock2加到epoll
  if(epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sock2, &ev) != 0){
    perror("epoll_ctl");
    return 1;
  }

  while(1){
    printf("before epoll_wait\n");
    //在這裏會阻塞，直到有socket進來.
    nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, ev_ret, EVENTS, -1);
    if(nfds <= 0){
      perror("epoll_wait");
      return 1;
    }

    printf("after epoll_wait\n");

    for(i = 0; i < nfds; ++i){
      //判斷進來的socket是哪一個socket
      if(ev_ret[i].data.fd == sock1){
    //從sock1讀取數據，並寫入到標準輸出
    n = recv(sock1, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
    write(fileno(stdout), buf, n);
      }
      //判斷進來的socket是哪一個socket
      else if(ev_ret[i].data.fd == sock2){
    //從sock1讀取數據，並寫入到標準輸出
    n = recv(sock2, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
    write(fileno(stdout), buf, n);
      }
    }
  }

  close(sock1);
  close(sock2);
  return 0;
}

github源代碼

發送端，向2個地址發送信息

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main(){
  int sock;
  sockaddr_in dest1, dest2;
  char buf[1024];

  sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

  dest1.sin_family = AF_INET;
  dest2.sin_family = AF_INET;

  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &dest1.sin_addr.s_addr);
  inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &dest2.sin_addr.s_addr);

  dest1.sin_port = htons(11111);
  dest2.sin_port = htons(22222);

  strcpy(buf, "data to port 11111\n");
  //給地址1(dest1)送信
  sendto(sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (sockaddr*)&dest1, sizeof(dest1));
  
  strcpy(buf, "data to port 22222\n");
  //給地址2(dest2)送信
  sendto(sock, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (sockaddr*)&dest2, sizeof(dest1));

  close(sock);

  return 0;
}

github源代碼

運行方法：

先運行接收端，結果以下：

before epoll_wait

再運行發送端，結果以下：

before epoll_wait
after epoll_wait
data to port 11111
before epoll_wait
after epoll_wait
data to port 22222
before epoll_wait

從運行結果能夠看出：在epoll_wait處，程序的停住的，也就是阻塞的狀態，可是當運行發送端後，立刻就變成了非阻塞狀態，也就實現了，處理多個socket的請求，而並無使用多進程，或者多線程。

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