expdp,impdp導入導出備份恢復數據

一. expdp命令詳解

The available keywords and their descriptions follow. Default values are listed within square brackets.

ATTACH

Attach to an existing job.(附加到一個現有的工做任務上)

For example, ATTACH=job_name.

COMPRESSION

Reduce the size of a dump file.(指定導出數據是導出所有仍是隻是數據,或者數據框架)

Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, [METADATA_ONLY] and NONE.

CONTENT

Specifies data to unload.(指定要卸載的數據)

Valid keyword values are: [ALL], DATA_ONLY and METADATA_ONLY.

DATA_OPTIONS

Data layer option flags.數據選項

Valid keyword values are: XML_CLOBS.

DIRECTORY

Directory object to be used for dump and log files.(存儲導出文件和日誌文件的目錄)

DUMPFILE

Specify list of destination dump file names [expdat.dmp].(導出文件名)

For example, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.

ENCRYPTION

Encrypt part or all of a dump file.(加密)

Valid keyword values are: ALL, DATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY and NONE.

ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM

Specify how encryption should be done.(加密方法,默認爲aes128)

Valid keyword values are: [AES128], AES192 and AES256.

ENCRYPTION_MODE

Method of generating encryption key.(加密模塊)

Valid keyword values are: DUAL, PASSWORD and [TRANSPARENT].

ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

Password key for creating encrypted data within a dump file.(加密密碼)

ESTIMATE

Calculate job estimates.(對工做任務進行估算)

Valid keyword values are: [BLOCKS] and STATISTICS.

ESTIMATE_ONLY

Calculate job estimates without performing the export.(只估算不導出)

EXCLUDE

Exclude specific object types.(排除,排除還有指定對象的不導出)

For example, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'".

FILESIZE

Specify the size of each dump file in units of bytes.(指定每一個轉儲文件的大小)

FLASHBACK_SCN

SCN used to reset session snapshot.

FLASHBACK_TIME(即在導出時制定一個scn號,在導出時,只導出當時的數據)

Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.

FULL

Export entire database [N].(導出整個數據庫)

HELP

Display Help messages [N].(調出幫助菜單)

INCLUDE

Include specific object types.(包含指定對象)

For example, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.

JOB_NAME

Name of export job to create.(指定當前任務名)

LOGFILE

Specify log file name [export.log].(指定日誌文件名)

NETWORK_LINK

Name of remote database link to the source system.(連接到源系統的遠程數據庫的名稱)

NOLOGFILE

Do not write log file [N].(不寫入日誌文件)

PARALLEL

Change the number of active workers for current job.(多個並行操做)

PARFILE

Specify parameter file name.(指定參數文件名)

QUERY

Predicate clause used to export a subset of a table.(按查詢導出)

For example, QUERY=employees:"WHERE department_id > 10".

REMAP_DATA

Specify a data conversion function.(指定數據轉換)

For example, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REUSE_DUMPFILES

Overwrite destination dump file if it exists [N].(若是轉儲目錄已有同名文件,是否覆蓋)

SAMPLE

Percentage of data to be exported. (樣品,指定導出樣品的百分比)

SCHEMAS

List of schemas to export [login schema].(只導出架構)

SOURCE_EDITION

Edition to be used for extracting metadata.(提取元數據)

STATUS

Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where(已秒爲單位監控)

the default [0] will show new status when available.

TABLES

Identifies a list of tables to export.(指定表導出)

For example, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.

TABLESPACES(指定表空間導出)

Identifies a list of tablespaces to export.

TRANSPORTABLE

Specify whether transportable method can be used.(指定是否傳出表空間)

Valid keyword values are: ALWAYS and [NEVER].

TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK

Verify storage segments of all tables [N].(檢查全部表)

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES

List of tablespaces from which metadata will be unloaded.(指定的表空間將不會被導出)

VERSION

Version of objects to export.

Valid keyword values are: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST or any valid database version.(版本)

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The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.

Note: abbreviations are allowed.

ADD_FILE

Add dumpfile to dumpfile set.(添加轉儲到轉儲文件集)

CONTINUE_CLIENT

Return to logging mode. Job will be restarted if idle.(返回到記錄模式。暫掛的工做任務將會被重啓)

EXIT_CLIENT

Quit client session and leave job running.(推出客戶端並後臺運行)

FILESIZE

Default filesize (bytes) for subsequent ADD_FILE commands.(默認文件大小（字節）的後續ADD_FILE命令)

HELP

Summarize interactive commands.(幫助)

KILL_JOB

Detach and delete job.(刪除任務)

PARALLEL

Change the number of active workers for current job.(更改當前並行進程數)

REUSE_DUMPFILES

Overwrite destination dump file if it exists [N]. 

START_JOB

Start or resume current job.

Valid keyword values are: SKIP_CURRENT.

STATUS

Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where

the default [0] will show new status when available.

STOP_JOB

Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.

Valid keyword values are: IMMEDIATE.

二.impdp命令詳解

The available keywords and their descriptions follow. Default values are listed within square brackets.

ATTACH

Attach to an existing job.

For example, ATTACH=job_name.

CONTENT

Specifies data to load.

Valid keywords are: [ALL], DATA_ONLY and METADATA_ONLY.

DATA_OPTIONS

Data layer option flags.

Valid keywords are: SKIP_CONSTRAINT_ERRORS.

DIRECTORY

Directory object to be used for dump, log and sql files.

DUMPFILE

List of dumpfiles to import from [expdat.dmp].

For example, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp.

ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

Password key for accessing encrypted data within a dump file.

Not valid for network import jobs.

ESTIMATE

Calculate job estimates.

Valid keywords are: [BLOCKS] and STATISTICS.

EXCLUDE

Exclude specific object types.

For example, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"='HR'".

FLASHBACK_SCN

SCN used to reset session snapshot.

FLASHBACK_TIME

Time used to find the closest corresponding SCN value.

FULL

Import everything from source [Y].

HELP

Display help messages [N].

INCLUDE

Include specific object types.

For example, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA.

JOB_NAME

Name of import job to create.

LOGFILE

Log file name [import.log].

NETWORK_LINK

Name of remote database link to the source system.

NOLOGFILE

Do not write log file [N].

PARALLEL

Change the number of active workers for current job.

PARFILE

Specify parameter file.

PARTITION_OPTIONS

Specify how partitions should be transformed.

Valid keywords are: DEPARTITION, MERGE and [NONE].

QUERY

Predicate clause used to import a subset of a table.

For example, QUERY=employees:"WHERE department_id > 10".

REMAP_DATA

Specify a data conversion function.

For example, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REMAP_DATAFILE

Redefine datafile references in all DDL statements.

REMAP_SCHEMA

Objects from one schema are loaded into another schema.

REMAP_TABLE

Table names are remapped to another table.

For example, REMAP_TABLE=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO.

REMAP_TABLESPACE

Tablespace object are remapped to another tablespace.

REUSE_DATAFILES

Tablespace will be initialized if it already exists [N].

SCHEMAS

List of schemas to import.

SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES

Skip indexes that were set to the Index Unusable state.

SOURCE_EDITION

Edition to be used for extracting metadata.

SQLFILE

Write all the SQL DDL to a specified file.

STATUS

Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where

the default [0] will show new status when available.

STREAMS_CONFIGURATION

Enable the loading of Streams metadata

TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION

Action to take if imported object already exists.

Valid keywords are: APPEND, REPLACE, [SKIP] and TRUNCATE.

TABLES

Identifies a list of tables to import.

For example, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995.

TABLESPACES

Identifies a list of tablespaces to import.

TARGET_EDITION

Edition to be used for loading metadata.

TRANSFORM

Metadata transform to apply to applicable objects.

Valid keywords are: OID, PCTSPACE, SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES and STORAGE.

TRANSPORTABLE

Options for choosing transportable data movement.

Valid keywords are: ALWAYS and [NEVER].

Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.

TRANSPORT_DATAFILES

List of datafiles to be imported by transportable mode.

TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK

Verify storage segments of all tables [N].

TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES

List of tablespaces from which metadata will be loaded.

Only valid in NETWORK_LINK mode import operations.

VERSION

Version of objects to import.

Valid keywords are: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST or any valid database version.

Only valid for NETWORK_LINK and SQLFILE.

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The following commands are valid while in interactive mode.

Note: abbreviations are allowed.

CONTINUE_CLIENT

Return to logging mode. Job will be restarted if idle.

EXIT_CLIENT

Quit client session and leave job running.

HELP

Summarize interactive commands.

KILL_JOB

Detach and delete job.

PARALLEL

Change the number of active workers for current job.

START_JOB

Start or resume current job.

Valid keywords are: SKIP_CURRENT.

STATUS

Frequency (secs) job status is to be monitored where

the default [0] will show new status when available.

STOP_JOB

Orderly shutdown of job execution and exits the client.

Valid keywords are: IMMEDIATE.

附:以上漢語註釋,根據平時使用或谷歌翻譯得出,若有出入敬請指出

 

三.一個簡單的導入導出例子

1.事前準備

以管理員用戶登陸數據庫,搭建好環境

sqlplus sys/oracle@test as sysdba;

 

create user test identified by test
alter user test account unlock;
create or replace directory dumpdir as '/test';(事先建立該目錄,並修改屬主,屬組爲oracle.oinstall)
grant read,write on directory dumpdir to test;
commit;

2.使用expdp命令導出數據

expdp test/test@test directory=dumpdir dumpfile=test20130131.dmp

3.使用impdp命令導入數據

impdp test/test@test directory=dumpdir dumpfile=test201301031.dmp