在進行多租戶架構(Multi-tenancy)
實現以前,先了解一下相關的定義吧:html
多租戶技術或稱多重租賃技術,簡稱SaaS
,是一種軟件架構技術,是實現如何在多用戶環境下(此處的多用戶通常是面向企業用戶)共用相同的系統或程序組件,而且可確保各用戶間數據的隔離性。
簡單講:在一臺服務器上運行單個應用實例,它爲多個租戶(客戶)提供服務。從定義中咱們能夠理解:多租戶是一種架構,目的是爲了讓多用戶環境下使用同一套程序,且保證用戶間數據隔離。那麼重點就很淺顯易懂了,多租戶的重點就是同一套程序下實現多用戶數據的隔離。java
多租戶在數據存儲上存在三種主要的方案,分別是:spring
即一個租戶一個數據庫,這種方案的用戶數據隔離級別最高,安全性最好,但成本較高。sql
多個或全部租戶共享Database,可是每一個租戶一個Schema(也可叫作一個user)。底層庫好比是:DB二、ORACLE等,一個數據庫下能夠有多個SCHEMA。數據庫
即租戶共享同一個Database、同一個Schema,但在表中增長TenantID多租戶的數據字段。這是共享程度最高、隔離級別最低的模式。apache
簡單來說,即每插入一條數據時都須要有一個客戶的標識。這樣才能在同一張表中區分出不一樣客戶的數據,這也是咱們系統目前用到的(provider_id)api
<!--- more --->安全
這裏咱們選用了第三種方案(共享數據庫,共享 Schema,共享數據表)
來實現,也就意味着,每一個數據表都須要有一個租戶標識(provider_id)
服務器
如今有數據庫表(user)
以下:mybatis
字段名 | 字段類型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
id | BIGINT(20) | 主鍵 |
provider_id | BIGINT(20) | 服務商ID |
name | VARCHAR(30) | 姓名 |
將provider_id
視爲租戶ID,用來隔離租戶與租戶之間的數據,若是要查詢當前服務商的用戶,SQL大體以下:
SELECT * FROM user t WHERE t.name LIKE '%Tom%' AND t.provider_id = 1;
試想一下,除了一些系統共用的表之外,其餘租戶相關的表,咱們都須要不厭其煩的加上AND t.provider_id = ?
查詢條件,稍不注意就會致使數據越界,數據安全問題讓人擔心。
好在有了MybatisPlus這個神器,能夠極爲方便的實現多租戶SQL解析器
,官方文檔以下:
http://mp.baomidou.com/guide/...
這裏終於進入了正題,開始搭建一個極爲簡單的開發環境吧!
POM文件以下,主要集成了MybatisPlus以及H2數據庫(方便測試)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.wuwenze</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-multi-tenancy</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>mybatis-plus-multi-tenancy</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <version>19.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.0.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId> <version>3.0.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-generator</artifactId> <version>3.0.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
數據源配置(application.yml)
spring: datasource: driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver schema: classpath:db/schema.sql data: classpath:db/data.sql url: jdbc:h2:mem:test username: root password: test logging: level: com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy: debug
對應的H2數據庫初始化schema文件
#schema.sql DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user; CREATE TABLE user ( id BIGINT(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '主鍵', provider_id BIGINT(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '服務商ID', name VARCHAR(30) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名', PRIMARY KEY (id) ); #data.sql INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (1, 1, 'Tony老師'); INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (2, 1, 'William老師'); INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (3, 2, '路人甲'); INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (4, 2, '路人乙'); INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (5, 2, '路人丙'); INSERT INTO user (id, provider_id, name) VALUES (6, 2, '路人丁');
基礎環境搭建完成,如今開始配置MybatisPlus多租戶相關的實現。
1) 核心配置:TenantSqlParser
@Configuration @MapperScan("com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper") public class MybatisPlusConfig { private static final String SYSTEM_TENANT_ID = "provider_id"; private static final List<String> IGNORE_TENANT_TABLES = Lists.newArrayList("provider"); @Autowired private ApiContext apiContext; @Bean public PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor() { PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor = new PaginationInterceptor(); // SQL解析處理攔截:增長租戶處理回調。 TenantSqlParser tenantSqlParser = new TenantSqlParser() .setTenantHandler(new TenantHandler() { @Override public Expression getTenantId() { // 從當前系統上下文中取出當前請求的服務商ID,經過解析器注入到SQL中。 Long currentProviderId = apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(); if (null == currentProviderId) { throw new RuntimeException("#1129 getCurrentProviderId error."); } return new LongValue(currentProviderId); } @Override public String getTenantIdColumn() { return SYSTEM_TENANT_ID; } @Override public boolean doTableFilter(String tableName) { // 忽略掉一些表:如租戶表(provider)自己不須要執行這樣的處理。 return IGNORE_TENANT_TABLES.stream().anyMatch((e) -> e.equalsIgnoreCase(tableName)); } }); paginationInterceptor.setSqlParserList(Lists.newArrayList(tenantSqlParser)); return paginationInterceptor; } @Bean(name = "performanceInterceptor") public PerformanceInterceptor performanceInterceptor() { return new PerformanceInterceptor(); } }
2) ApiContext
@Component public class ApiContext { private static final String KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID = "KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID"; private static final Map<String, Object> mContext = Maps.newConcurrentMap(); public void setCurrentProviderId(Long providerId) { mContext.put(KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID, providerId); } public Long getCurrentProviderId() { return (Long) mContext.get(KEY_CURRENT_PROVIDER_ID); } }
3) Entity、Mapper
@Data @ToString @Accessors(chain = true) public class User { private Long id; private Long providerId; private String name; } public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { }
com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests
@Slf4j @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.JVM) @SpringBootTest(classes = MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplication.class) public class MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests { @Autowired private ApiContext apiContext; @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Before public void before() { // 在上下文中設置當前服務商的ID apiContext.setCurrentProviderId(1L); } @Test public void insert() { User user = new User().setName("新來的Tom老師"); Assert.assertTrue(userMapper.insert(user) > 0); user = userMapper.selectById(user.getId()); log.info("#insert user={}", user); // 檢查插入的數據是否自動填充了租戶ID Assert.assertEquals(apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(), user.getProviderId()); } @Test public void selectList() { userMapper.selectList(null).forEach((e) -> { log.info("#selectList, e={}", e); // 驗證查詢的數據是否超出範圍 Assert.assertEquals(apiContext.getCurrentProviderId(), e.getProviderId()); }); } }
運行結果
2018-11-29 21:07:14.262 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : Started MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests in 2.629 seconds (JVM running for 3.904) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.554 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : ==> Preparing: INSERT INTO user (id, name, provider_id) VALUES (?, ?, 1) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.577 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : ==> Parameters: 1068129257418178562(Long), 新來的Tom老師(String) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.577 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.insert : <== Updates: 1 Time:0 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.insert Execute SQL:INSERT INTO user (id, name, provider_id) VALUES (?, ?, 1) {1: 1068129257418178562, 2: STRINGDECODE('\u65b0\u6765\u7684Tom\u8001\u5e08')} 2018-11-29 21:07:14.585 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : ==> Preparing: SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 AND id = ? 2018-11-29 21:07:14.595 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : ==> Parameters: 1068129257418178562(Long) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.614 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectById : <== Total: 1 2018-11-29 21:07:14.615 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #insert user=User(id=1068129257418178562, providerId=1, name=新來的Tom老師) Time:19 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.selectById Execute SQL:SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 AND id = ? {1: 1068129257418178562} 2018-11-29 21:07:14.626 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : ==> Preparing: SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 Time:0 ms - ID:com.wuwenze.mybatisplusmultitenancy.mapper.UserMapper.selectList Execute SQL:SELECT id, provider_id, name FROM user WHERE user.provider_id = 1 2018-11-29 21:07:14.629 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : ==> Parameters: 2018-11-29 21:07:14.630 DEBUG 18688 --- [ main] c.w.m.mapper.UserMapper.selectList : <== Total: 3 2018-11-29 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=1, providerId=1, name=Tony老師) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=2, providerId=1, name=William老師) 2018-11-29 21:07:14.632 INFO 18688 --- [ main] .MybatisPlusMultiTenancyApplicationTests : #selectList, e=User(id=1068129257418178562, providerId=1, name=新來的Tom老師)
從打印的日誌不難看出,這個方案至關完美,僅需簡單的配置,讓開發者徹底忽略了(provider_id)字段的存在,同時又最大程度的保證了數據的安全性,可謂是一箭雙鵰!