【OCP-12c】CUUG最新考試原題整理及答案（071-10）

十、（5-6） choose the best answer:
Examine the structure of the EMPLOYEES table:
There is a parent/child relationship between EMPLOYEE_ID and MANAGER_ID.
You want to display the name, joining date, and manager for all the employees.
Newly hired employees are yet to be assigned a department or a manager. For them, 'No Manager' should be displayed in the MANAGER column.

Which SQL query gets the required output?
A) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e RIGHT OUTER JOIN employees m
ON (e. manager_id = m.employee_id);

B) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);

C) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e LEFT OUTER JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);

D) SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e NATURAL JOIN employees m
ON (e.manager_id = m.employee_id);

Answer：C
（解析：由於員工 king 是沒有經理的，可是也要顯示出來，由於是在經理號這邊缺乏數據，因此這裏要用
左外鏈接。注意左右的區別：
SELECT e.last_name, e.hire_date, NVL(m.last_name, 'No Manager') Manager
FROM employees e , employees m
WHERE e.manager_id = m.employee_id(+);
）