java 基礎 隨記

一、Integer 相等比較java

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Integer d =127;
        Integer f = 127;
        Integer e = 130;
        Integer g = 130;
        System.out.println(d==f);//true
        System.out.println(e==g);// false
    }

上述:總所周知,對象用==比較的話,是比較其地址,那麼上述爲什麼會出現2個結果呢?看源碼,發現當Integer的值不在-128~127之間的話,那麼就會從新new一個對象。故致使看到的結果。spring

public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

二、繼承緩存

public class A  {
    public void show(A obj){
        System.out.println("A and A");
    }
    public void show(B obj){
        System.out.println("A and B");
    }
}
public class B extends A{
    public void show(A obj){
        System.out.println("B and A");
    }
    public void show(C obj){
        System.out.println("B and C");
    }
}
public class C extends B {
}
public class D extends B {
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        A a1 = new B();
        B b = new B();
        C c = new C();
        D d = new D();

        a.show(c); // A and B   先去A類中查找發現沒有該方法,可是C extends B 故結果A and B
        a.show(d);// A and B   同理上面
        a.show(b);// A and B

        /**
         * 這裏雖然a1的類型是A 可是 實際引用的是B類 new B()會在堆區分配內存空間
         *當a1.show(c)方法時,jvm會根據a1持有的引用定位到堆區的B實例
         * 再根據B持有的引用 定位到方法區B類的類型(這時候是A)信息 得到show的字節,
         * 若是有重寫show方法的話,那麼就是調用B類中的show
         */
        a1.show(c);// A and B
        a1.show(d);// A and B
        a1.show(a);// B and A  將優先和B類自己包含的實例方法動態綁定,若是沒有這個實例方法,纔會從父類A中繼承來的    

    }

三、單例安全

關於spring建立實例默認是單例模式,如想要配置成多例該怎麼辦呢?app

其實很簡單 在spring的配置文件中具體的bean配置scope=「prototype」這樣就是多例了。框架

<bean id="loginAction" class="com.business.common.action.LoginAction" scope="prototype"/>

關於單例的寫法有以下幾種實現方式jvm

/**
*懶漢式 線程不安全
*/
public class TestSingleton {
   private static TestSingleton testSingleton = null;
    private TestSingleton(){}; // 防止構建該實例
    

    public static TestSingleton getSingleton(){
        if(testSingleton == null){
            testSingleton = new TestSingleton();
        }
        return testSingleton;
    }
    
}
/**
 * 餓漢式 天生就線程安全,類一旦加載,就把單例初始化完成,保證getInstance的時候,單例是已經存在的了
 */
public class TestSingleton {
    private static TestSingleton singleton = new TestSingleton();
    private TestSingleton(){};
    public static TestSingleton getIntance(){
        return singleton;
    }
}
public class TestSingleton {
    private static volatile TestSingleton singleton;
    private TestSingleton(){};

    /**
     * 雙重校驗 線程安全
     * @return
     */
    public static TestSingleton getInstance(){
        // 先判斷singleton該實例是否存在,若存在則直接返回,不存在的話建立。
        if(null ==singleton){ 
            // 若不寫上面的if判斷的話,那麼每次線程進來都須要發生鎖等待,避免了每次都同步的性能損耗
            synchronized (TestSingleton.class){
                if(null ==singleton){
                    singleton = new TestSingleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return singleton;
    }
   
}

那麼Spring對單例的底層實現,究竟是餓漢式單例仍是懶漢式單例呢?呵呵,都不是。Spring框架對單例的支持是採用單例註冊表的方式進行實現的,源碼以下:函數

public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory implements ConfigurableBeanFactory{  
       /** 
        * 充當了Bean實例的緩存,實現方式和單例註冊表相同 
        */  
       private final Map singletonCache=new HashMap();  
       public Object getBean(String name)throws BeansException{  
           return getBean(name,null,null);  
       }  
    ...  
       public Object getBean(String name,Class requiredType,Object[] args)throws BeansException{  
          //對傳入的Bean name稍作處理,防止傳入的Bean name名有非法字符(或則作轉碼)  
          String beanName=transformedBeanName(name);  
          Object bean=null;  
          //手工檢測單例註冊表  
          Object sharedInstance=null;  
          //使用了代碼鎖定同步塊,原理和同步方法類似,可是這種寫法效率更高  
          synchronized(this.singletonCache){  
             sharedInstance=this.singletonCache.get(beanName);  
           }  
          if(sharedInstance!=null){  
             ...  
             //返回合適的緩存Bean實例  
             bean=getObjectForSharedInstance(name,sharedInstance);  
          }else{  
            ...  
            //取得Bean的定義  
            RootBeanDefinition mergedBeanDefinition=getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName,false);  
             ...  
            //根據Bean定義判斷,此判斷依據一般來自於組件配置文件的單例屬性開關  
            //<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date" scope="singleton"/>  
            //若是是單例,作以下處理  
            if(mergedBeanDefinition.isSingleton()){  
               synchronized(this.singletonCache){  
                //再次檢測單例註冊表  
                 sharedInstance=this.singletonCache.get(beanName);  
                 if(sharedInstance==null){  
                    ...  
                   try {  
                      //真正建立Bean實例  
                      sharedInstance=createBean(beanName,mergedBeanDefinition,args);  
                      //向單例註冊表註冊Bean實例  
                       addSingleton(beanName,sharedInstance);  
                   }catch (Exception ex) {  
                      ...  
                   }finally{  
                      ...  
                  }  
                 }  
               }  
              bean=getObjectForSharedInstance(name,sharedInstance);  
            }  
           //若是是非單例,即prototpye,每次都要新建立一個Bean實例  
           //<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date" scope="prototype"/>  
           else{  
              bean=createBean(beanName,mergedBeanDefinition,args);  
           }  
    }  
    ...  
       return bean;  
    }  
    }

那麼spring在bean實例時是線程安全。性能

一種特殊化的單例模式,它被稱爲單例註冊表:ui

Import java.util.HashMap;  
    Public class RegSingleton{  
       Static private HashMap registry=new HashMap();  
       //靜態塊,在類被加載時自動執行  
        Static{  
         RegSingleton rs=new RegSingleton();  
         Registry.put(rs.getClass().getName(),rs);  
       }  
    //受保護的默認構造函數,若是爲繼承關係,則能夠調用,克服了單例類不能爲繼承的缺點  
    Protected RegSingleton(){}  
    //靜態工廠方法,返回此類的惟一實例  
    public static RegSingleton getInstance(String name){  
        if(name==null){  
          name=」 RegSingleton」;  
        }if(registry.get(name)==null){  
          try{  
              registry.put(name,Class.forName(name).newInstance());  
           }Catch(Exception ex){ex.printStackTrace();}  
        }  
        Return (RegSingleton)registry.get(name);  
    }  
    }

四、JAXB bean to xml

須要生成以下對應的xml格式:

<T_TASK_APPROVE>
    <HEAD>
        <MSGCODE>T_TASK_APPROVE_</MSGCODE>
        <MSGID>T_TASK_APPROVE</MSGID>
        <MSGNAME>統一審批中心接收審批服務</MSGNAME>
        <SOURCESYS>hr</SOURCESYS>
        <TARGETSYS>HBTYSP</TARGETSYS>
    </HEAD>
	<DATA>
        <ROW>
            <PROPERTIES code="APP_ID">qq</PROPERTIES>
            <PROPERTIES code="service_ID">12345</PROPERTIES>
        </ROW>
    </DATA>
</T_TASK_APPROVE>

一、首先建立最外層的結構

@XmlRootElement(name="T_TASK_APPROVE")
public class BackLogData {

     private BackLogHeadData head;

    private  BackLogPropertie data;

    @XmlElement(name="HEAD",nillable = true)
    public BackLogHeadData getHead() {
        return head;
    }

    public void setHead(BackLogHeadData head) {
        this.head = head;
    }

    @XmlElement(name="DATA")
    public BackLogPropertie getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(BackLogPropertie data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

}

二、構建head中的數據

@XmlRootElement
public class BackLogHeadData {

    private String msgcode;

    private String msgid;

    private String msgname;

    private String sourcesys;

    private String targetsys;

    private String createtime;
    @XmlElement(name="MSGCODE",nillable = true)
    public String getMsgcode() {
        return this.msgcode;
    }

    public void setMsgcode(String msgcode) {
        this.msgcode = msgcode;
    }
    @XmlElement(name="MSGID",nillable = true)
    public String getMsgid() {
        return this.msgid;
    }

    public void setMsgid(String msgid) {
        this.msgid = msgid;
    }
    @XmlElement(name="MSGNAME",nillable = true)
    public String getMsgname() {
        return this.msgname;
    }

    public void setMsgname(String msgname) {
        this.msgname = msgname;
    }
    @XmlElement(name="SOURCESYS",nillable = true)
    public String getSourcesys() {
        return this.sourcesys;
    }

    public void setSourcesys(String sourcesys) {
        this.sourcesys = sourcesys;
    }
    @XmlElement(name="TARGETSYS",nillable = true)
    public String getTargetsys() {
        return this.targetsys;
    }

    public void setTargetsys(String targetsys) {
        this.targetsys = targetsys;
    }
    @XmlElement(name="CREATETIME",nillable = true)
    public String getCreatetime() {
        return this.createtime;
    }

    public void setCreatetime(String createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
}

三、構造DATA節點中的數據
 

@XmlRootElement
public class BackLogPropertie {


    private List<Propertie> properties;

    @XmlElementWrapper(name="ROW")
    @XmlElement(name="PROPERTIES")
    public List<Propertie> getProperties() {
        return properties;
    }

    public void setProperties(List<Propertie> properties) {
        this.properties = properties;
    }
}

生成xml代碼

public static void main(String args[]) {
        BackLogData backLogData = new BackLogData();
        BackLogHeadData head = new BackLogHeadData();
        head.setMsgcode("T_TASK_APPROVE_");
        head.setMsgid("T_TASK_APPROVE");
        head.setMsgname("統一審批中心接收審批服務");
        head.setSourcesys("hr");
        head.setTargetsys("HBTYSP");
        BackLogPropertie backLogPropertie = new BackLogPropertie();
        List<Propertie> properties = new ArrayList<>();
        Propertie appId = new Propertie();
        appId.setCode("APP_ID");
        appId.setValue("qq");
        properties.add(appId);
        Propertie serviceId = new Propertie();
        serviceId.setCode("service_ID");
        serviceId.setValue("12345");
        properties.add(serviceId);
        backLogPropertie.setProperties(properties);
        backLogData.setHead(head);
        backLogData.setData(backLogPropertie);
        String xmlData = XmlBuilder.convertToXml(backLogData);
        System.out.println(xmlData);
    }
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