WCF初探-2：手動實現WCF程序

1.前言

 

上一篇，咱們經過VS自帶的模板引擎自動生成了一個wcf程序，接下來咱們將手動實現一個wcf程序。因爲應用程序開發中通常都會涉及到大量的增刪改查業務，因此這個程序將簡單演示如何在wcf中構建簡單的增刪改查服務。咱們知道WCF是一組通信服務框架，我將解決方案按大範圍劃分爲服務端，客戶端經過服務寄宿程序產生的代理來調用服務端的公開給客戶端消費的方法。總個解決方案由五個項目工程：

• Service:定義服務契約接口和實現服務契約，此項目類型爲類庫項目
• Common:通用層定義數據訪問的幫助類，此項目類型爲類庫項目
• Entity:定義數據契約，也就是實體對象，此項目類型爲類庫項目
• Host:服務寄宿程序，將Service服務程序寄宿在該程序中，此項目類型爲控制檯應用程序
• Client:客戶端程序，實現對服務的消費，此項目類型爲web項目

      

 

2.實現程序

步驟一：創建數據庫

爲方便演示操做，咱們創建一個簡單的表,學生信息（Student），建立的腳本以下（此處我採用的是sql server數據庫）：

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
 
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIERON
GO
 
CREATE TABLE[dbo].[Student](
        [ID] [int] NOT NULL,
        [Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
        [Age] [int] NULL,
        [Grade] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
        [Address] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_Student] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
        [ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

步驟二：創建Common層

新建一個空白解決方案，名稱爲WcfDemo，建立完成後新增一個類庫文件命名爲Common,再添加一個數據庫訪問幫助類DbHelperSQL：代碼以下：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Collections.Generic;
 
namespace Common
{
    public class DbHelperSQL
    {
        public static string connectionString ="server=.;database=test;uid=sa;pwd=sa123";
 
        public static int ExecuteSql(stringSQLString)
        {
            using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(SQLString, connection))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                        int rows =cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        return rows;
                    }
                    catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        public static SqlDataReaderExecuteReader(string strSQL)
        {
            SqlConnection connection = newSqlConnection(connectionString);
            SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(strSQL, connection);
            try
            {
                connection.Open();
                SqlDataReader myReader =cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                return myReader;
            }
            catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
            {
                throw e;
            }  
 
        }
 
        public static DataSet Query(stringSQLString)
        {
            using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                try
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    SqlDataAdapter command =new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection);
                    command.Fill(ds,"ds");
                }
                catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex)
                {
                    throw newException(ex.Message);
                }
                return ds;
            }
        }
 
    }
 
}

步驟三：創建Entity層

在WcfDemo解決方案上新建一個名稱爲Entity的類庫項目，添加對System.Runtime.Serialization的引用，建立服務的數據契約。新增Student類，代碼以下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
 
namespace Entity
{
    [DataContract]
    public class Student
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int ID { get; set; }
 
        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }
 
        [DataMember]
        public int Age { get; set; }
 
        [DataMember]
        public string Grade { get; set; }
 
        [DataMember]
        public string Address { get; set; }
    }
}

步驟四：創建Service層

  此項目須要對Common和Entity的引用，再添加對System.ServiceModel的引用，以建立服務契約。在該項目中添加IStudent接口，定義服務契約接口，代碼以下：

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Entity;
 
 
namespace Service
{
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IStudent
    {
        [OperationContract]
         List<Student> GetInfo(stringstrWhere);
 
 
        [OperationContract]
         bool Add(Student model);
 
 
        [OperationContract]
         bool Update(Student model);
 
 
        [OperationContract]
         bool Delete(int id);
 
 
        [OperationContract]
        bool Exist(int id);
    }
}

再添加EFStudent類，實現對IStudent接口的實現，代碼以下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using Common;
using Entity;
 
namespace Service
{
    public class EFStudent:IStudent
    {
        public List<Student>GetInfo(string strWhere)
        {
            List<Student> listData = newList<Student>();
            string strSql = "select * fromstudent";
            DataTable dt=DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql).Tables[0];
            if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i <dt.Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    Student model = newStudent();
                    model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["ID"]);
                    model.Name =dt.Rows[i]["Name"].ToString();
                    model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["Age"]);
                    model.Grade =dt.Rows[i]["Grade"].ToString();
                    model.Address =dt.Rows[i]["Address"].ToString();
                    listData.Add(model);
                }
            }
            return listData;
        }
 
        public bool Add(Student model)
        {
            StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
            strSql.Append(" insert intostudent values ");
            strSql.Append(" ( ");
            strSql.Append(" " +model.ID + ", ");
            strSql.Append(" '" +model.Name + "', ");
            strSql.Append(" " +model.Age + ", ");
            strSql.Append(" '" +model.Grade + "', ");
            strSql.Append(" '" +model.Address + "' ");
            strSql.Append(" ) ");
 
            int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
            if (rows > 0)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        public bool Update(Student model)
        {
            StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
            strSql.Append(" update studentset ");
            strSql.Append(" Name= '"+ model.Name + "', ");
            strSql.Append(" Age= " +model.Age + ", ");
            strSql.Append(" Grade= '" +model.Grade + "', ");
            strSql.Append(" Address='" + model.Address + "' ");
            strSql.Append(" WhereID=" + model.ID + " ");
 
            int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
            if (rows > 0)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        public bool Delete(int id)
        {
            StringBuilder strSql = new StringBuilder();
            strSql.Append(" delete fromstudent where ID=" + id + " ");
            int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
            if (rows > 0)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        public bool Exist(int id)
        {
            StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
            strSql.Append(" select ID fromstudent where ID=" + id + " ");
            DataTable dt =DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql.ToString()).Tables[0];
            if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

步驟五：創建Host層，對Service進行寄宿

此項目須要對Service項目的引用，並添加對using System.ServiceModel的引用，添加寄宿的服務配置文件App.config，代碼以下：

<?xmlversion="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <services>
      <servicename="Service.EFStudent"behaviorConfiguration="EFStudentBehavior">
        <host>
          <baseAddresses>
            <addbaseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent/"/>
          </baseAddresses>
        </host>
 
        <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding"contract="Service.IStudent"/>
        <endpoint address="mex"binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
      </service>
    </services>
 
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behaviorname="EFStudentBehavior">
          <serviceMetadatahttpGetEnabled="True"/>
          <serviceDebugincludeExceptionDetailInFaults="True"/>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
  </system.serviceModel>
 
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0"sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
  </startup>
</configuration>

 服務寄宿程序Host的Program.cs的代碼以下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Service;
 
namespace Host
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                using (ServiceHost host = newServiceHost(typeof(EFStudent)))
                {
                    host.Opened += delegate
                    {
                       Console.WriteLine("StudentService已經啓動，按任意鍵終止！");
                    };
 
                    host.Open();
                    Console.Read();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }
}

 此時，能夠編譯程序，找到Host項目生成目錄，運行Host.exe，就能夠對服務進行寄宿，若是寄宿成功，在瀏覽器中輸入http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent地址，就能夠看到以下圖所示頁面：

  

步驟六：創建Web客戶端

新建一個空Client的Web引用程序，添加對服務的引用，輸入剛纔在瀏覽器中輸入的地址，而後點擊發現前往按鈕就能夠發現服務了，點擊肯定添加對服務的引用，vs會自動生成對服務的應用配置文件和代理類，若是須要手動生成，能夠參考WCF初探—1：認識wcf。添加MainForm.aspx頁面，前端代碼以下：

<%@ PageLanguage="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"CodeBehind="MainForm.aspx.cs"EnableEventValidation="false" Inherits="Client.MainForm" %>
 
<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
 
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<headrunat="server">
    <title></title>
    <scripttype="text/javascript">
        var prevselitem = null;
        function selectx(row) {
            if (prevselitem != null) {
               prevselitem.style.backgroundColor = '#ffffff';
            }
            row.style.backgroundColor ='PeachPuff';
            prevselitem = row;
 
        }
 </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form id="form1"runat="server">
      <asp:GridView ID="GridView1"runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
         onrowdeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting"
          onrowdatabound="GridView1_RowDataBound"
         onrowcommand="GridView1_RowCommand">
                <Columns>
                    <asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="編號">
                        <ItemTemplate>
                            <asp:LabelID="lbl_id" runat="server" Text='<%#Bind("ID") %>'></asp:Label>
                        </ItemTemplate>
                    </asp:TemplateField>
                    <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Name" HeaderText="姓名" />              
                    <asp:BoundField DataField="Age"HeaderText="年齡"/>
                    <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Grade" HeaderText="年級" />
                    <asp:BoundFieldDataField="Address" HeaderText="家庭地址" />
                    <asp:CommandFieldHeaderText="刪除"ShowDeleteButton="True" />
                    <asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="編輯">
　　　　　　　             <ItemTemplate>
　　　　　　　　　　　         <asp:LinkButtonID="lbtID"
                           CommandName="lbtn" runat="server"ForeColor="Blue" Text="編輯">
                            </asp:LinkButton>
　　　　　　　　　           </ItemTemplate>
                   </asp:TemplateField>     
                </Columns>         
       </asp:GridView>
 
        <p>編號<asp:TextBox ID="txt_id"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
        <p>姓名<asp:TextBox ID="txt_name"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
        <p>年齡<asp:TextBox ID="txt_age"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
        <p>年級<asp:TextBox ID="txt_grade"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
        <p>家庭地址<asp:TextBox ID="txt_address"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
        <asp:Button ID="btnAdd"runat="server" Text="保存" onclick="btnAdd_Click" />
    </form>
 
</body>
</html>

後臺代碼以下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Client.ServiceReference;
 
namespace Client
{
    public partial class MainForm :System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        StudentClient proxy = newStudentClient();
        protected void Page_Load(object sender,EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!Page.IsPostBack)
            {
                BindData();
            }
        }
 
        private void BindData()
        {
            Student[] listData =proxy.GetInfo("");
            this.GridView1.DataSource =listData.ToList();
            this.GridView1.DataBind();
        }
 
        protected void btnAdd_Click(objectsender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Student model = new Student();
            model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_id.Text);
            model.Name = this.txt_name.Text;
            model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_age.Text);
            model.Grade = this.txt_grade.Text;
            model.Address =this.txt_address.Text;
            if (proxy.Exist(model.ID))
            {
                proxy.Update(model);
            }
            else
            {
                proxy.Add(model);
            }
 
            BindData();
        }
 
        protected voidGridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
        {
 
            int id =Convert.ToInt16(((GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text)); 
            bool flag = proxy.Delete(id);
            if (flag)
            {
               Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 刪除成功！')</Script> ");
                BindData();
            }
            else
            {
               Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 刪除失敗！')</Script> ");
            }
        }
 
        protected voidGridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Row.RowType ==DataControlRowType.DataRow)
            {             
               e.Row.Attributes.Add("onclick", e.Row.ClientID.ToString() +".checked=true;selectx(this)");//點擊行變色
 
           }
        }
 
        protected voidGridView1_RowCommand(object sender, GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.CommandName =="lbtn")
　　　　　　　 {
　　　　　　　　　  GridViewRow gvrow =(GridViewRow)(((LinkButton)e.CommandSource).NamingContainer); //獲取被點擊的linkButton所在的GridViewRow
　　　　　　　　　　int index =gvrow.RowIndex; //獲取到行索引 RowIndex
 
                this.txt_id.Text =(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[0].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text.Trim();
　　　　　　　　this.txt_name.Text=GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[1].Text.Trim();
                this.txt_age.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[2].Text.Trim();
                this.txt_grade.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[3].Text.Trim();
                this.txt_address.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text.Trim();
 
　　　　　　　 }　　　　　
        }
 
    }

到此，咱們完成了一個手動編寫的WCF程序，我沒有講太多的原理，這個在網絡上能夠搜索到不少對概念的解釋，我這個以實際操做爲準，對平時學習的一個積累，若有不當之處，歡迎指出，共同窗習進步。