linux添加硬盤,分區並掛載

時間 2019-11-30

標籤 linux 添加硬盤分區欄目 Linux 简体版

原文原文鏈接

time: 2018.3.27linux

1. 虛擬機關機並添加10g`SCSI`硬盤

2. `fdisk -l`查看是否有未分區的硬盤, 有則說明硬盤添加成功

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b515e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    ...

此處爲未分區的/dev/sdbweb

在Linux系統中，管理硬盤設備最經常使用的方法就當屬fdisk命令了。fdisk命令用於管理磁盤分區，格式爲「fdisk [磁盤名稱]」，它提供了集添加、刪除、轉換分區等功能於一身的「一站式分區服務」。不過與前面講解的直接寫到命令後面的參數不一樣，這條命令的參數（見表6-5）是交互式的，所以在管理硬盤設備時特別方便，能夠根據需求動態調整windows

fdisk經常使用參數:網絡

參數	做用
m	查看所有可用的參數
n	添加新的分區
d	刪除某個分區信息
l	列出全部可用的分區類型
t	改變某個分區的類型
p	查看分區表信息
w	保存並退出
q	不保存直接退出

3.fdisk /dev/sdb將硬盤分爲2個分區:app

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

# 查看分區表信息, 此時無分區
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe03a1b13

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
# 添加新分區
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):   # 回車使用默認值, 建立主分區, e爲擴展分區
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):     # 回車默認分區編號爲1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):     # 起始扇區, 默認便可
Using default value 2048

無需計算扇區個數, 輸入 +5G 建立容量5G的分區ide

# 無需計算扇區個數, 輸入 +5G 建立容量5G的分區
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +5G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p
# 查看分區表, 已經添加了一個分區
Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe03a1b13

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):  # 主分區
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):  # 分區編號2
First sector (10487808-20971519, default 10487808):  # 起始扇區默認
Using default value 10487808
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-20971519, default 20971519):  # 分配剩餘容量
Using default value 20971519
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe03a1b13

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        10487808    20971519     5241856   83  Linux
# 保存並退出
Command (m for help): w 
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l # 此時從新查看分區狀況, 成功

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b515e

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe03a1b13

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10487807     5242880   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2        10487808    20971519     5241856   83  Linux

4.格式化分區並自動掛載:

# 格式化爲ext4
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1; mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
 ...
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/sdb1 /mnt/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Mar 22 12:44:05 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=db2c838d-1f2f-4b99-a3a2-191b81914b44 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap   swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1 ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab 
[root@localhost ~]# echo '/dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2 ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab 
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a # 自動掛載
[root@localhost ~]# df -h # 查看掛載狀態和硬盤使用量信息
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   17G  3.0G   15G  18% /
devtmpfs               897M     0  897M   0% /dev
tmpfs                  912M   84K  912M   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  912M  9.0M  903M   1% /run
tmpfs                  912M     0  912M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot
tmpfs                  183M   16K  183M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                  183M     0  183M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1              4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /mnt/sdb1
/dev/sdb2              4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /mnt/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]#

5.手動掛載

mount -t auto <設備路徑> <掛載點>spa

-t <文件系統類型> 指定設備的文件系統類型，常見的有：
ext2 linux目前經常使用的文件系統
msdos MS-DOS的fat，就是fat16
vfat windows98經常使用的fat32
nfs 網絡文件系統
iso9660 CD-ROM光盤標準文件系統
ntfs windows NT/2000/XP的文件系統
auto 自動檢測文件系統 code