編譯安裝httpd並啓動之

源代碼

     源代碼人類可以看懂的且未經處理的，可是計算機並不能識別的純文本文件。

庫：library

     庫是用於開發軟件的子程序集合。庫不是獨立程序，他們是向其餘程序提供服務的代碼。

     庫連接庫連接是指把一個或多個庫包括到程序中。有兩形式種連接：靜態連接和動態連接，相應的，前者連接的庫叫作靜態庫後者的叫作動態庫。

autoconf和automake

     autoconf是一個用於生成能夠自動地配置軟件源碼包，便於生成腳本。

     configure腳本：檢查編譯環境是否知足編譯須要，爲下一步的編譯作準備，你能夠經過在 configure 後加上參數來對安裝進行控制，定義當前程序編譯時啓動哪一個特×××或功能，以及安裝路徑等。結果：會根據Makefile.in文件生成Makefile文件，該文件帶來的好處就是自動化編譯

     automake是一個從Makefile.am文件自動生成Makefile.in的工具。用於結合configure腳本生成Makefile文件，該文件是make命令的配置文件

     GNU提供的這兩套工具來協助咱們自動產生 makefile文件，而且讓開發出來的軟件能夠像大多數源碼包那樣，只需"./configure", "make","make install" 就能夠把源程序安裝到系統中。      

yum：Yellowdog Update Modifier。

     基於RPM包管理的前端軟件包管理器，可以從指定的服務器自動下載RPM包而且安裝，能夠自動處理依賴性關係，而且一次安裝全部依賴的軟件包，無須繁瑣地一次次下載、安裝。配置yum

編譯安裝的步驟：

     1.拿到源代碼，並解壓到特定目錄下

#tar xf package-version.tar.{gz|bz2xz}

     2.切換至源代碼目錄中

#cd package-version

     3.執行configure腳本

#./configure

     4.編譯

#make

     5.安裝 make install

   注意若是 在 make 過程當中出現 error ，你就要記下錯誤代碼（注意不單單是最後一 行），而後你能夠向開發者提交 bugreport（通常在 INSTALL 裏有提交地址），或者你的系統少了一些依賴庫等，這些須要本身仔細研究錯誤代碼。

configure腳本的通用功能：

編譯時咱們須要定義的配置：

           1.指定安裝路徑：

--prefisx=/usr/local/package_name

                   --sysconfdir=/etc/package_name

           2.指定啓用的特性或禁用的特性

--enabled-feature 啓用特性

                           例：--enabled-fpm

--disable-feature 禁用特性

                           例：--disable-socket

           3.指定依賴的功能、程序或文件

--with-function    啓用某功能

--without-function 禁用某功能

           不一樣的程序，其configure腳本的功能不一樣，要獲取幫助則使用：

                       ./configure --help

   在編譯安裝以前先安裝2個開發包組：

       CentOS 5：「Development tools」和「Development Libraries」

       CentOS 6：「Development tools」和「Server Platform Development」

編譯安裝httpd：

   1.經過ftp下載源程序代碼發現lfpt並無安裝，安裝lftp工具

root@localhost ~]# yum install ftp
........
........
Is thisok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
ftp-0.17-53.el6.i686.rpm                                                          |  56kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : ftp-0.17-53.el6.i686                                                                  1/1
  Verifying  : ftp-0.17-53.el6.i686                                                                  1/1
Installed:
  ftp.i686 0:0.17-53.el6                                                                        
Complete!2.

   2.登陸ftp服務器下載httpd的源代碼至本地目錄下（能夠去開源的網站下載源代碼）

[root@localhost /]# lftp 172.16.0.1
lftp 172.16.0.1:~> cd pub/Sources/sources/httpd/
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd> ls -l
-rwxr--r--    1500      500        785724Mar 11  2012apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500        992859Aug 08  2012apr-iconv-1.2.1.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500        635000Mar 11  2012apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500        693258Apr 11  2013apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500       5524905Jul 25  2013httpd-2.2.25.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500       4949897Aug 20  2013httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2
-rwxr--r--    1500      500         18739Mar 09  2012mod_bw-0.7.tgz
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd> gethttpd-2.2.25.tar.bz2
5524905bytes transferred                     
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd> bye

   3.解壓源代碼當前目錄下  

[root@localhost /]# tar xf httpd-2.2.25.tar.bz2
[root@localhost /]#

   4.切換至源碼目錄中

[root@localhost /]# cd httpd-2.2.25
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE   configure.in    LAYOUT         os
acinclude.m4   docs            libhttpd.dep   README
Apache.dsw     emacs-style     libhttpd.dsp   README.platforms
build          httpd.dep       libhttpd.mak   README-win32.txt
BuildAll.dsp   httpd.dsp       LICENSE        ROADMAP
BuildBin.dsp   httpd.mak       Makefile.in    server
buildconf      httpd.spec      Makefile.win   srclib
CHANGES        include         modules        support
config.layout  INSTALL         NOTICE         test
configure      InstallBin.dsp  NWGNUmakefile  VERSIONING

   5.查看幫助文檔

./configure --help 或用cat命令打開README文件

   6.執行configure腳本,檢查編譯環境是否知足需求

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
........
........
Configuring APR librarycreating modules/aaa/Makefile
creating modules/arch/win32/Makefile
creating modules/cache/Makefile
creating modules/database/Makefile
Platform: i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.4.8
........
........
creating modules/aaa/Makefile
creating modules/arch/win32/Makefile
creating modules/cache/Makefile
creating modules/database/Makefile
........
........
config.status: creating support/phf_abuse_log.cgi
config.status: creating support/split-logfile
config.status: creating build/rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands

   7.使用make命令進行編譯(注意在此過程時是否出現ERROR)

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make
Making all insrclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib'
Making all inapr
make[2]: Entering directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr'
.........
.........
  -o httpd  modules.lo buildmark.o -export-dynamicserver/libmain.la modules/aaa/libmod_authn_file.la modules/aaa/libmod_authn_default.la modules/aaa/libmod_authz_host.la modules/aaa/libmod_authz_groupfile.la modules/aaa/libmod_authz_user.la modules/aaa/libmod_authz_default.la modules/aaa/libmod_auth_basic.la modules/filters/libmod_include.la modules/filters/libmod_filter.la modules/loggers/libmod_log_config.la modules/metadata/libmod_env.la modules/metadata/libmod_setenvif.la modules/metadata/libmod_version.la modules/http/libmod_http.la modules/http/libmod_mime.la modules/generators/libmod_status.la modules/generators/libmod_autoindex.la modules/generators/libmod_asis.la modules/generators/libmod_cgi.la modules/mappers/libmod_negotiation.la modules/mappers/libmod_dir.la modules/mappers/libmod_actions.la modules/mappers/libmod_userdir.la modules/mappers/libmod_alias.la modules/mappers/libmod_so.la server/mpm/prefork/libprefork.la os/unix/libos.la -lm /httpd-2.2.25/srclib/pcre/libpcre.la /httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr-util/libaprutil-1.la /httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr-util/xml/expat/libexpat.la /httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr/libapr-1.la -lrt -lcrypt -lpthread
make[1]: Leaving directory `/httpd-2.2.25'
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

   8.將編譯好的源程序進行安裝使用 make install

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# make install
Making install insrclib
make[1]: Entering directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib'
Making install inapr
make[2]: Entering directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr'
make[3]: Entering directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr'
make[3]: Nothing to be done for`local-all'.
make[3]: Leaving directory `/httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr'
/httpd-2.2.25/srclib/apr/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/httpd/lib /usr/local/httpd/bin /usr/local/httpd/build \
             /usr/local/httpd/lib/pkgconfig /usr/local/httpd/include
mkdir /usr/local/httpd
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/lib
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/bin
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/build
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/lib/pkgconfig
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/include
................
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory `/httpd-2.2.25'
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]#

   9.查看安裝以後的文件

[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ls  /usr/local/httpd/
bin  build  cgi-bin  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules
[root@localhost httpd-2.2.25]# ls /etc/httpd/
extra  httpd.conf  magic  mime.types  original

啓動和中止httpd服務：

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# service httpd start

服務安裝完成以後須要做以下操做

   1.將二進制應用程序添加至環境變量中：編輯配置文件"/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh"

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
PATH=/usr/local/httpd/bin:$PATH
export PATH

   2.使系統重讀二進制文件（source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh ）

[root@localhost /]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@localhost /]#

   3.頭文件輸出給系統：爲/usr/local/httpd/include建立符號連接

root@localhost /]# ln -s /usr/local/httpd/include  /usr/include/httpd

   4.庫文件輸出：編輯配置文件：/etc/ld.so.conf.d/httpd.conf

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/httpd.conf
/usr/local/httpd/lib

   5.讓系統從新生成庫文件並緩存：使用ldconfid命令

[root@localhost /]# ldconfig -v | grep "^[^[:space:]]"
/usr/lib/atlas:
/usr/local/httpd/lib:
/usr/lib/mysql:
/usr/lib/qt-3.3/lib:
/lib:
/usr/lib:
/lib/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)
/lib/i686: (hwcap: 0x0008000000000000)
/usr/lib/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/usr/lib/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)
/lib/i686/nosegneg: (hwcap: 0x0028000000000000)

  6.導出man文件：在/etc/man.config中添加"MANPATH  /usr/local/httpd/man"

[root@localhost /]# vim /etc/man.config
# MANPATH       /opt/*/man
# MANPATH       /usr/lib/*/man
# MANPATH       /usr/share/*/man
# MANPATH       /usr/kerberos/man
  MANPATH       /usr/local/httpd/man

啓動httptd服務：

           在沒用將/usr/local/httpd/bin加入含金變量中也可用/usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl start啓動httpd服務

[root@localhost /]# netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:50711               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:6010              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:6011              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::111                      :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::33363                    :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::22                       :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0::1:631                     :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0::1:25                      :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0::1:6010                    :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0::1:6011                    :::*                        LISTEN
[root@localhost /]# apachectl start
httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain forServerName
httpd (pid 18929) already running
[root@localhost /]# netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      00.0.0.0:50711               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:6010              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0127.0.0.1:6011              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::111                      :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::80                       :::*                        LISTEN
tcp        0      0:::33363                    :::*                        LISTEN