簡介: 本文將幫助您使用 Spring Boot 建立簡單的 REST 服務。php
在本教程中,咱們將使用適當的 URI 和 HTTP 方法建立三個服務:java
@GetMapping(「/ students / {studentId} / courses」):您可使用請求方法 Get 和示例 uri / students / Student1 / courses 來查詢特定學生已註冊的課程。git
@GetMapping(「/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}」):您可使用請求方法 Get 和示例 uri / students / Student1 / courses / Course1 獲取特定學生的特定課程。github
@PostMapping(「/students/{studentId}/courses」) :您能夠經過向 UURI /students/Student1/courses 發送 POST 請求來爲學生註冊一門課程web
咱們的 Github 存儲庫包含全部代碼示例 - https://github.com/in28minutes/in28minutes.github.io/tree/master/code-zip-filesspring
REST 表明 REpresentational State Transfer。REST 指定了一組體系結構約束。任何知足如下這些條件的服務都稱爲 RESTful 服務。數據庫
RESTful Web Service 的五個重要條件:apache
Richardson 成熟度模型用於識別 Restful Web Service 的成熟度級別。如下是不一樣級別和特色:json
級別 0:以 REST 風格公開 SOAP Web 服務。公開的操做使用 REST 服務(http:// server / getPosts,http:// server / deletePosts,http:// server / doThis,http:// server / doThat 等)。緩存
級別 1:使用正確的 URI(使用名詞)公開資源。例如:http:// server / accounts,http:// server / accounts / 10。可是,HTTP 方法並未使用。
級別 2:資源使用正確的 URI + HTTP 方法。例如,要更新一個帳戶,你須要作一個 PUT。建立一個賬戶,你作一個 POST。Uri 看起來像 posts/1/comments/5 和 accounts/1/friends/1.
等級 3:HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the engine of application state)。您不只能夠了解所請求的信息,還能夠了解服務消費者能夠採起的下一個可能的操做。當請求有關 Facebook 用戶的信息時,REST 服務能夠返回用戶詳細信息以及有關如何獲取他最近的帖子,如何獲取他最近的評論以及如何檢索他朋友的列表的信息。
始終使用 HTTP 方法。有關每種 HTTP 方法的最佳作法以下所述:
GET:不該該更新任何東西。應該是冪等的(屢次調用相同的結果)。可能的返回碼 200(OK)+ 404(NOT FOUND)+400(BAD REQUEST)
POST:應該建立新的資源。理想狀況下返回 JSON 和連接到新建立的資源。儘量使用相同的返回碼。另外:返回碼 201(建立)是可能的。
PUT:更新已知資源。例如:更新客戶詳細信息。可能的返回碼:200(OK)
DELETE:用於刪除資源。
如下屏幕截圖顯示了咱們將建立的項目的結構。
一些細節:
用 Spring Initializr 建立一個 REST 服務是很是的容易小菜一碟。咱們將使用 Spring Web MVC 做爲咱們的 web 層框架。
Spring Initializr http://start.spring.io/ 是引導建立 Spring Boot 項目的好工具。
如上圖所示,必須執行如下步驟
全部應用都須要數據。咱們將使用 ArrayList 這種內存數據存儲,而不是與真實數據庫交互。
一名學生能夠參加多門課程。課程有一個 ID,名稱,說明和完成課程須要完成的步驟列表。學生有一個身份證,姓名,說明和他 / 她目前註冊的課程列表。StudentService 提供如下公開方法
請參閱下面這些文件,具體的實現服務類 StudentService 和模型類 Course 和 Student。
Rest 服務 StudentController 暴露了幾個 get 服務。
package com.in28minutes.springboot.controller; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course; import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.StudentService; @RestController public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses") public List<Course> retrieveCoursesForStudent(@PathVariable String studentId) { return studentService.retrieveCourses(studentId); } @GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}") public Course retrieveDetailsForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId, @PathVariable String courseId) { return studentService.retrieveCourse(studentId, courseId); } }
使用 Postman 執行獲取服務
咱們將向 http:// localhost:8080 / students / Student1 / courses / Course1 發起請求以測試該服務。迴應以下所示。
{
"id": "Course1", "name": "Spring", "description": "10 Steps", "steps": [ "Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example", "Second Example" ] }
下面的圖片顯示了咱們如何執行 Postman 的 Get Service - 我最喜歡的運行 rest 服務的工具。
當資源建立成功時,POST 服務應該返回建立的狀態(201)。
@PostMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses") public ResponseEntity<Void> registerStudentForCourse( @PathVariable String studentId, @RequestBody Course newCourse) { Course course = studentService.addCourse(studentId, newCourse); if (course == null) return ResponseEntity.noContent().build(); URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path( "/{id}").buildAndExpand(course.getId()).toUri(); return ResponseEntity.created(location).build(); }
執行 POST Rest 服務
示例請求以下所示。它包含了學生註冊課程的全部細節。
{
"name": "Microservices", "description": "10 Steps", "steps": [ "Learn How to Break Things Up", "Automate the hell out of everything", "Have fun" ] }
下圖顯示了咱們如何從 Postman 執行 Post 服務 - 我最喜歡的運行 rest 服務的工具。確保你去 Body 選項卡並選擇 raw。從下拉菜單中選擇 JSON。將上述請求複製到 body 中。
咱們使用的 URL 是 http:// localhost:8080 / students / Student1 / courses。
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.in28minutes.springboot</groupId> <artifactId>student-services</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>student-services</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
import java.net.URI; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.ServletUriComponentsBuilder; import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course; import com.in28minutes.springboot.service.StudentService; @RestController public class StudentController { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses") public List<Course> retrieveCoursesForStudent(@PathVariable String studentId) { return studentService.retrieveCourses(studentId); } @GetMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses/{courseId}") public Course retrieveDetailsForCourse(@PathVariable String studentId, @PathVariable String courseId) { return studentService.retrieveCourse(studentId, courseId); } @PostMapping("/students/{studentId}/courses") public ResponseEntity<Void> registerStudentForCourse( @PathVariable String studentId, @RequestBody Course newCourse) { Course course = studentService.addCourse(studentId, newCourse); if (course == null) return ResponseEntity.noContent().build(); URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest().path( "/{id}").buildAndExpand(course.getId()).toUri(); return ResponseEntity.created(location).build(); } }
import java.util.List; public class Course { private String id; private String name; private String description; private List<String> steps; // Needed by Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: // Can not construct instance of com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course: // no suitable constructor found, can not deserialize from Object value // (missing default constructor or creator, or perhaps need to add/enable // type information?) public Course() { } public Course(String id, String name, String description, List<String> steps) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.description = description; this.steps = steps; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public String getName() { return name; } public List<String> getSteps() { return steps; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format( "Course [id=%s, name=%s, description=%s, steps=%s]", id, name, description, steps); } @Override public int hashCode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode()); return result; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; Course other = (Course) obj; if (id == null) { if (other.id != null) return false; } else if (!id.equals(other.id)) return false; return true; } }
package com.in28minutes.springboot.model; import java.util.List; public class Student { private String id; private String name; private String description; private List<Course> courses; public Student(String id, String name, String description, List<Course> courses) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.description = description; this.courses = courses; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; } public List<Course> getCourses() { return courses; } public void setCourses(List<Course> courses) { this.courses = courses; } @Override public String toString() { return String.format( "Student [id=%s, name=%s, description=%s, courses=%s]", id, name, description, courses); } }
package com.in28minutes.springboot.service; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Course; import com.in28minutes.springboot.model.Student; @Component public class StudentService { private static List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(); static { //Initialize Data Course course1 = new Course("Course1", "Spring", "10 Steps", Arrays .asList("Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example", "Second Example")); Course course2 = new Course("Course2", "Spring MVC", "10 Examples", Arrays.asList("Learn Maven", "Import Project", "First Example", "Second Example")); Course course3 = new Course("Course3", "Spring Boot", "6K Students", Arrays.asList("Learn Maven", "Learn Spring", "Learn Spring MVC", "First Example", "Second Example")); Course course4 = new Course("Course4", "Maven", "Most popular maven course on internet!", Arrays.asList( "Pom.xml", "Build Life Cycle", "Parent POM", "Importing into Eclipse")); Student ranga = new Student("Student1", "Ranga Karanam", "Hiker, Programmer and Architect", new ArrayList<>(Arrays .asList(course1, course2, course3, course4))); Student satish = new Student("Student2", "Satish T", "Hiker, Programmer and Architect", new ArrayList<>(Arrays .asList(course1, course2, course3, course4))); students.add(ranga); students.add(satish); } public List<Student> retrieveAllStudents() { return students; } public Student retrieveStudent(String studentId) { for (Student student : students) { if (student.getId().equals(studentId)) { return student; } } return null; } public List<Course> retrieveCourses(String studentId) { Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId); if (student == null) { return null; } return student.getCourses(); } public Course retrieveCourse(String studentId, String courseId) { Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId); if (student == null) { return null; } for (Course course : student.getCourses()) { if (course.getId().equals(courseId)) { return course; } } return null; } private SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom(); public Course addCourse(String studentId, Course course) { Student student = retrieveStudent(studentId); if (student == null) { return null; } String randomId = new BigInteger(130, random).toString(32); course.setId(randomId); student.getCourses().add(course); return course; } }
package com.in28minutes.springboot; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class StudentServicesApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(StudentServicesApplication.class, args); } }
做者:tom
出處:http://www.3xmq.com/article/1521428370127
來源:本文版權歸做者和博客園共有,歡迎轉載,但未經做者贊成必須保留此段聲明,且在文章頁面明顯位置給出原文鏈接,不然保留追究法律責任的權利。