CentOS 6.5本地yum源、局域網離線yum倉庫（斷網狀況下輕鬆安裝各類依賴包)

時間  2019-11-17
標籤 centos 6.5 本地 yum 局域網 離線 倉庫 網狀 輕鬆 安裝 各類 依賴 欄目 CentOS 简体版
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在工做中， 公司的服務器大部分都禁止鏈接外網的，初始化系統，測試某些產品時，每每缺一些軟件或依賴包，一個個上傳到機器，如此浪費時間，浪費金錢，en...yum可以自動查找並解決rpm包之間的依賴關係，須要有一個包含各類rpm軟件包的repository（軟件倉庫），提供軟件倉庫的服務器習慣上成爲「源」服務器，網絡上有大量的源服務器，可是，因爲受到網絡鏈接速度、帶寬的限制，致使軟件安裝耗時過長甚至失敗，特別是當有大量服務器大量軟件包須要升級時，更新的緩慢程序使人難以忍受，相比較而言，本地YUM源服務器最大優勢在局域網的快速網絡鏈接和穩定性，有了局域網中的yum源服務器，即使在網絡鏈接中斷的狀況下，也不會影響軟件升級和安裝。html

 1、掛載本地ISO鏡像方式：

一、下載yum源的DVD鏡像，鏡像名以下：python

CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1linux

二、將其宿主機的鏡像掛載到linux中去：nginx

  • 因iso文件是宿在主機上，全部，經過vmware的文件共享，將宿主機上的iso文件掛載到/mnt/hgfs/目錄下
  • VM--Settings--選項--共享文件夾--勾選「老是啓用」點擊「添加」選取本地iso文件的目錄，添加後以下：

三、安裝VMware Toolsc++

[root@Web-A ~]# ll /media/VMware/Tools/
總用量 60712
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62163222 8月   3 22:00 VMwareTools-9.9.4-3193940.tar.gz
[root@Web-A ~]# cd  /media/VMware/Tools/
[root@Web-A Tools]# tar xf VMwareTools-9.9.4-3193940.tar.gz 
[root@Web-A Tools]# ll
總用量 60716
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 62163222 8月   3 22:00 VMwareTools-9.9.4-3193940.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root     4096 10月 30 2015 vmware-tools-distrib
[root@Web-A Tools]# cd vmware-tools-distrib/
[root@Web-A vmware-tools-distrib]# ls
bin  doc  etc  FILES  INSTALL  installer  lib  vmware-install.pl
[root@Web-A vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl                       #安裝VMware,一路回車+yes
Creating a new VMware Tools installer database using the tar4 format.

Installing VMware Tools.

In which directory do you want to install the binary files? 
[/usr/bin] 

What is the directory that contains the init directories (rc0.d/ to rc6.d/)? 
[/etc/rc.d] 

What is the directory that contains the init scripts? 
[/etc/rc.d/init.d] 

In which directory do you want to install the daemon files? 
[/usr/sbin] 

In which directory do you want to install the library files? 
[/usr/lib/vmware-tools] 

The path "/usr/lib/vmware-tools" does not exist currently. This program is 
going to create it, including needed parent directories. Is this what you want?
[yes] yes

......此處省略

To enable advanced X features (e.g., guest resolution fit, drag and drop, and 
file and text copy/paste), you will need to do one (or more) of the following:
1. Manually start /usr/bin/vmware-user
2. Log out and log back into your desktop session; and,
3. Restart your X session.

Enjoy,  #出現這個表示安裝成功。

--the VMware team

 四、接下來咱們在//mnt/hgfs下看是否有共享的文件：git

[root@Web-A vmware-tools-distrib]# ll /mnt/hgfs/
總用量 0
drwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 8月   3 22:23 ISO
[root@Web-A vmware-tools-distrib]# cd /mnt/hgfs/ISO/
[root@Web-A ISO]# ll
總用量 8414208
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4467982336 3月  19 23:52 CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4148166656 6月  11 21:08 CentOS-7.0-1406-x86_64-DVD.iso

五、將該鏡像掛載到 /media/Centos/web

[root@Web-A ISO]# mount -o loop /mnt/hgfs/ISO/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/Centos/
[root@Web-A ISO]# ll /media/Centos/
總用量 682
-r--r--r-- 2 root root     14 11月 29 2013 CentOS_BuildTag
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   2048 11月 29 2013 EFI
-r--r--r-- 2 root root    212 11月 28 2013 EULA
-r--r--r-- 2 root root  18009 11月 28 2013 GPL
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root   2048 11月 29 2013 images
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   2048 11月 29 2013 isolinux
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 655360 11月 29 2013 Packages #rpm包 -r--r--r-- 2 root root   1354 11月 28 2013 RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 11月 29 2013 repodata
-r--r--r-- 2 root root   1706 11月 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
-r--r--r-- 2 root root   1730 11月 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
-r--r--r-- 2 root root   1730 11月 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
-r--r--r-- 2 root root   1734 11月 28 2013 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   3380 11月 29 2013 TRANS.TBL

注：這樣掛載下次關機就失效了了，將全部rpm文件拷貝到一個文件夾中，cp -rv /media/共享的文件或光盤/Packs/* /新建的文件夾sql

經過rpm命令手動安裝createrepo命令建立yum倉庫rpm -ivh createrepovim

運行命令：createrepo -v /rpm-directory，若是有分組信息，則在運行命令的時候使用-g參數置頂分組文件。centos

安裝createrepo軟件包：

[root@Web-A Packages]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
    python-deltarpm is needed by createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch
[root@Web-A Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
    deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 is needed by python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64
[root@Web-A Packages]#  rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:deltarpm               ########################################### [100%]
[root@Web-A Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:python-deltarpm        ########################################### [100%]
[root@Web-A Packages]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:createrepo             ########################################### [100%]

[root@Web-A Packages]# createrepo ./
Spawning worker 0 with 4023 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results

Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

 

六、編輯本地yum配置文件：

yum默認使用網絡/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo配置文件，全部須要將其三個文件配置文件失效，將本地yum源文件啓用，配置以下：

備份：

[root@Web-A ISO]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
總用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2523 6月  16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   638 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   630 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3664 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@Web-A ISO]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.BAK
[root@Web-A ISO]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.BAK
[root@Web-A ISO]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Vault.repo.BAK
[root@Web-A ISO]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
總用量 16-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2523 6月  16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo.BAK
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   638 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.BAK
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   630 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3664 11月 27 2013 CentOS-Vault.repo.BAK

配置本地yum源：

[root@Web-A ISO]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo 

# CentOS-Media.repo
#
#  This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for
#  CentOS-6.  You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
#  DVD ISO that we release.
#
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
#  yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command]
#  
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
#  yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command]

[c6-media]  #倉庫名（不要用特殊符號） name=CentOS-$releasever - Media #倉庫描述 baseurl=file:///media/Centos/ #指定倉庫的路徑
#        file:///media/cdrom/      #/mnt/cdrom(即爲光盤掛載點)
#        file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=1  #啓用倉庫，1表明啓用，0表明關閉 enabled=1  #不要檢驗軟件包的數字前面
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

七、再使用yum list 來查詢時，有以下信息表示yum源製做成功，能夠看到包的yum源文件名字都變成了c6-media，再按照感覺一下速度。

八、測試安裝軟件ftp

2、自定義局域網離線yum倉庫

一、建立yum倉庫目錄

[root@fenfa /]# mkdir -p /app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64

二、安裝createrepo、Downloadonly工具

[root@fenfa Packages]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
    python-deltarpm is needed by createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch
[root@fenfa Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
error: Failed dependencies:
    deltarpm = 3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6 is needed by python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64
[root@fenfa Packages]#  rpm -ivh deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:deltarpm               ########################################### [100%]
[root@fenfa Packages]# rpm -ivh python-deltarpm-3.5-0.5.20090913git.el6.x86_64.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:python-deltarpm        ########################################### [100%]
[root@fenfa Packages]# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.9.9-18.el6.noarch.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:createrepo             ########################################### [100%]

[root@fenfa Packages]# yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly -y

三、初始化repodata索引文件

[root@fenfa /]# createrepo -pdo /app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64 /app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64

Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

四、提供yum服務，下載新的rpm包

[root@fenfa /]# cd /app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64
[root@fenfa x86_64]# python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80 &>/dev/null & # 能夠用Apache或nginx提供web服務，但用Python的http模塊更簡單，適用於內網環境
[1] 2660
[root@fenfa x86_64]# yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64  pcre pcre-devel make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool install openssl openssl-devel #只下載軟件不安裝
[root@fenfa x86_64]# ll 
總用量 32784
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3929020 8月  14 23:02 cpp-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   567508 8月  14 23:02 e2fsprogs-1.41.12-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   124360 8月  14 23:02 e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10603660 8月  14 23:02 gcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  4971176 8月  14 23:02 gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  4960920 8月  14 23:02 gcc-gfortran-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    20684 8月  14 23:02 keyutils-libs-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    29456 8月  14 23:02 keyutils-libs-devel-1.4-5.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   516132 8月  14 23:02 krb5-devel-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   691188 8月  14 23:02 krb5-libs-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    38712 8月  14 23:02 libcom_err-1.41.12-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    33852 8月  14 23:02 libcom_err-devel-1.41.12-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   117980 8月  14 23:02 libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.i686.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   106320 8月  14 23:02 libgcc-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   274880 8月  14 23:02 libgfortran-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   138008 8月  14 23:02 libgomp-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   146500 8月  14 23:02 libkadm5-1.10.3-65.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   111508 8月  14 23:02 libselinux-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   140160 8月  14 23:02 libselinux-devel-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    84072 8月  14 23:02 libselinux-utils-2.0.94-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    65484 8月  14 23:02 libsepol-devel-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    43092 8月  14 23:02 libss-1.41.12-24.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   303024 8月  14 23:02 libstdc++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1677328 8月  14 23:02 libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   398552 8月  14 23:02 make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1600772 8月  14 23:02 openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  1227684 8月  14 23:02 openssl-devel-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   200564 8月  14 23:02 pcre-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   327960 8月  14 23:02 pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    44984 8月  14 23:02 zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@fenfa x86_64]# createrepo --update /app/yum/centos6.6/x86_64/  #每加入一個rpm包就要更新一下
Spawning worker 0 with 78 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results

Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete

五、能夠經過瀏覽器輸入本機IP查看

六、client端配置以下：

[root@web1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo 
[bqh]
name=server
baseurl=http://192.168.0.124
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@web1 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: bqh
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@web1 ~]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
bqh                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB     00:00     
bqh/filelists_db                                                                                           |  63 kB     00:00     
bqh/primary_db                                                                                             |  53 kB     00:00     
bqh/other_db                                                                                               |  36 kB     00:00     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@web1 ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                       repo name                                                     status
bqh                                                           server                                                        78
repolist: 30

七、下面咱們安裝nginx服務

[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be updated
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-23.el6 will be an update
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel = 4.4.7-23.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++ = 4.4.7-23.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc = 4.4.7-23.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
---> Package make.x86_64 1:3.81-20.el6 will be updated

...此處省略

[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# rpm -qa make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
gcc-c++-4.4.7-23.el6.x86_64
pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
make-3.81-23.el6.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
openssl-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.1e-57.el6.x86_64
pcre-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-ht
tp_stub_status_modulechecking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23) (GCC) 
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found
checking for unistd.h ... found
checking for inttypes.h ... found
checking for limits.h ... found
checking for sys/filio.h ... not found
checking for sys/param.h ... found
checking for sys/mount.h ... found
checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found
checking for crypt.h ... found

此處省略......
Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + using system OpenSSL library
  + md5: using OpenSSL library
  + sha1: using OpenSSL library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/application/nginx-1.6.3"
  nginx binary file: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install
make -f objs/Makefile
make[1]: Entering directory `/server/tools/nginx-1.6.3'
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os
/unix -I objs \        -o objs/src/core/nginx.o \
        src/core/nginx.c
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os
/unix -I objs \        -o objs/src/core/ngx_log.o \
        src/core/ngx_log.c

此處省略......
test -d '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs'         || mkdir -p '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs'
test -d '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs' ||         mkdir -p '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs'
test -d '/application/nginx-1.6.3/html'         || cp -R html '/application/nginx-1.6.3'
test -d '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs' ||         mkdir -p '/application/nginx-1.6.3/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/server/tools/nginx-1.6.3'
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# echo $?
0
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# lsof -i:80
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# /application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# /application/nginx-1.6.3/sbin/nginx
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx   5683  root    6u  IPv4  23834      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx   5684 nginx    6u  IPv4  23834      0t0  TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@web1 nginx-1.6.3]# curl 127.0.0.1
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

ok本地yum源、局域網離線yum倉庫製做到此爲止，安裝你的軟件包，若是須要依賴，系統會自動到yum源中尋找相關依賴包自行安裝。很是方便，固然還有其它方法實現的。

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