python與RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ

前言

什麼是MQ？

MQ全稱爲Message Queue, 消息隊列（MQ）是一種應用程序對應用程序的通訊方法。應用程序經過讀寫出入隊列的消息（針對應用程序的數據）來通訊，而無需專用鏈接來連接它們。消 息傳遞指的是程序之間經過在消息中發送數據進行通訊，而不是經過直接調用彼此來通訊，直接調用一般是用於諸如遠程過程調用的技術。排隊指的是應用程序經過 隊列來通訊。隊列的使用除去了接收和發送應用程序同時執行的要求。

什麼是RabbitMQ？

RabbitMQ是一個在AMQP基礎上完整的，可複用的企業消息系統。他遵循Mozilla Public License開源協議

RabbitMQ是一個消息代理：它接受和轉發消息。 您能夠將其視爲順豐快遞：當您將要發佈的消息快件給到順豐快遞手上，您能夠肯定順豐以及快遞小哥最終會將郵件發送給您的收件人。 在這個類比中，RabbitMQ是一個順豐快遞、快遞小哥、豐巢。

RabbitMQ和順豐之間的主要區別在於它不處理實體貨物信件，而是接受，存儲和轉發二進制數據——消息。

RabbitMQ和通常的消息傳遞使用了一些術語：

• 生產（Producing）就是發送（消息）。 發送消息的程序就所謂的生產者（producer ）

• 隊列（queue ）是RabbitMQ中的郵箱的名稱。 雖然消息流經RabbitMQ和您的應用程序，但它們只能存儲在隊列中。 隊列只受主機的內存和磁盤限制的約束，它本質上是一個大的消息緩衝區。 許多生產者能夠發送到一個隊列的消息，而且許多消費者能夠嘗試從一個隊列接收數據。 這就是咱們表明隊列的方式：

• 消費（Consuming ）與接受（receiving）有相似的意義。 消費者（consumer ）是一個主要等待接收消息的程序：

請注意，生產者，消費者和代理沒必要駐留在同一主機上; 實際上在大多數應用中他們沒有。 應用程序也能夠是生產者和消費者。

RabbitMQ安裝

安裝配置epel源
   $ rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
 
安裝erlang
   $ yum -y install erlang
 
安裝RabbitMQ
   $ yum -y install rabbitmq-server

注意：service rabbitmq-server start/stop

安裝API

pip install pika
or
easy_install pika
or
源碼
 
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika

使用API操做RabbitMQ

回顧基於Queue實現生產者消費者模型

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading


message = Queue.Queue(10)


def producer(i):
    while True:
        message.put(i)


def consumer(i):
    while True:
        msg = message.get()


for i in range(12):
    t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
    t.start()

for i in range(10):
    t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
    t.start()

對於RabbitMQ來講，生產和消費再也不針對內存裏的一個Queue對象，而是某臺服務器上的RabbitMQ Server實現的消息隊列

生產者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
 
# ######################### 生產者 #########################
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消費者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
 
# ########################## 消費者 ##########################
 
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
 
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
 
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
 
channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)
 
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

一、acknowledgment 消息不丟失

no-ack ＝ False，若是消費者遇到狀況(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)掛掉了，那麼，RabbitMQ會從新將該任務添加到隊列中。

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

二、durable 消息不丟失

生產者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='hello',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消費者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

三、消息獲取順序

默認消息隊列裏的數據是按照順序被消費者拿走，例如：消費者1 去隊列中獲取 奇數 序列的任務，消費者1去隊列中獲取 偶數 序列的任務。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示誰來誰取，再也不按照奇偶數排列

消費者：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    import time
    time.sleep(10)
    print 'ok'
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

四、發佈訂閱

發佈訂閱和簡單的消息隊列區別在於，發佈訂閱會將消息發送給全部的訂閱者，而消息隊列中的數據被消費一次便消失。因此，RabbitMQ實現發佈和訂閱時，會爲每個訂閱者建立一個隊列，而發佈者發佈消息時，會將消息放置在全部相關隊列中。

exchange type = fanout

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')

message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
                      routing_key='',
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
                         type='fanout')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
                   queue=queue_name)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

五、關鍵字發送

exchange type = direct

以前事例，發送消息時明確指定某個隊列並向其中發送消息，RabbitMQ還支持根據關鍵字發送，即：隊列綁定關鍵字，發送者將數據根據關鍵字發送到消息exchange，exchange根據 關鍵字 斷定應該將數據發送至指定隊列。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for severity in severities:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=severity)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
                         type='direct')

severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
                      routing_key=severity,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()

六、模糊匹配

exchange type = topic

在topic類型下，可讓隊列綁定幾個模糊的關鍵字，以後發送者將數據發送到exchange，exchange將傳入」路由值「和 」關鍵字「進行匹配，匹配成功，則將數據發送到指定隊列。

• # 表示能夠匹配 0 個 或 多個 單詞
• * 表示只能匹配 一個 單詞

發送者路由值              隊列中
old.boy.python          old.*  -- 不匹配
old.boy.python          old.#  -- 匹配

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
                       queue=queue_name,
                       routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue=queue_name,
                      no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
        host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
                         type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
                      routing_key=routing_key,
                      body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

注意：

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user wupeiqi 123
# 設置用戶爲administrator角色
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags wupeiqi administrator
# 設置權限
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" root ".*" ".*" ".*"

# 而後重啓rabbiMQ服務
sudo /etc/init.d/rabbitmq-server restart
 
# 而後可使用剛纔的用戶遠程鏈接rabbitmq server了。


------------------------------
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("wupeiqi","123")

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.14.47',credentials=credentials))

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
from pika.adapters.blocking_connection import BlockingChannel

credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("root", "123")

conn = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.20', credentials=credentials))
# 超時時間
conn.add_timeout(5, lambda: channel.stop_consuming())

channel = conn.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    channel.stop_consuming()


channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='hello',
                      no_ack=True)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()