Unity 使用快速教程

Unity是微軟在CodePlex上的一個開源項目，可用於依賴注入、控制反轉，相似Spring，下面是使用示例：

1.先來定義幾個接口、類

1 namespace UnityTest
2 {
3     public interface IRun
4     {
5         void Run();
6     }
7 }

View Code : IRun

1 namespace UnityTest
2 {
3     public class Pet
4     {
5         public string Name { set; get; }
6     }
7 }

View Code : Pet

 1 using System;
 2 
 3 namespace UnityTest
 4 {
 5     public class Cat : Pet, IRun
 6     {
 7         public void Run()
 8         {
 9             Console.WriteLine("A cat is runing...");
10         }
11     }
12 }

View Code : Cat

 1 using System;
 2 
 3 namespace UnityTest
 4 {
 5     public class Dog : Pet, IRun
 6     {
 7         public void Run()
 8         {
 9             Console.WriteLine("A dog is runing...");
10         }
11     }
12 }

View Code : Dog

 1 namespace UnityTest.Model
 2 {
 3     public class Person
 4     {
 5         IRun iRun;
 6 
 7         public Person(IRun iRun)
 8         {
 9             this.iRun = iRun;
10         }
11 
12         public void HiWeGo()
13         {
14             iRun.Run();
15         }
16     }
17 }

View Code :Person

 二、建立對象實例

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
 3 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
 4 
 5 namespace UnityTest
 6 {
 7     class Program
 8     {       
 9         static void Main(string[] args)
10         {
11             var container = new UnityContainer();           
12             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>(); //註冊類型，並將IRun映射到Dog
13             var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>(); //建立一個IRun實例，實際上就是Dog
14             (dog1 as Dog).Name = "buddy";
15             Console.WriteLine("a dog is born，his name is \"{0}\"", (dog1 as Dog).Name); //a dog is born，his name is "buddy"
16             Console.Read();
17         }
18     }   
19 }

View Code

 三、使用標識符

當IRun同時有多個實例類要注入時，若是沒有標識來區別，建立出來的實例「類型」就沒辦法顯示指定。

1             var container = new UnityContainer();
2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>()
3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>();
4             var run = container.Resolve<IRun>();//這裏的run實例，是cat，仍是dog ?
5             Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Cat

View Code

1             var container = new UnityContainer();
2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType")
3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("catType");
4             var run = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");//明確指示，我要一個dog
5             Console.Write(run.ToString());//UnityTest.Dog

View Code

 四、建立單例

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();
 2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogTypeSingle", new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager())//dogTypeSingle爲單例模式
 3                     .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dogType");
 4 
 5             var dog1 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");
 6             var dog2 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogTypeSingle");
 7 
 8             Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog1, dog2));//True
 9             Console.WriteLine(dog1.GetHashCode() == dog2.GetHashCode());//True 說明dog1與dog2是同一個對象
10 
11             var dog3 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");
12             var dog4 = container.Resolve<IRun>("dogType");
13             Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(dog3, dog4));//False
14             Console.WriteLine(dog3.GetHashCode() == dog4.GetHashCode());//False 說明dog3與dog4是不一樣的對象

View Code ：Singleton

 五、依賴注入

構造器自動注入

1             var container = new UnityContainer();
2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>();
3             var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>();
4             personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...

View Code

 構造器也能夠結合標識符顯示注入

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();
 2             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog")
 3                 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat")
 4                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDog", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("dog")))
 5                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithCat", new InjectionConstructor(container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")));
 6 
 7             var personWithDog = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDog");
 8             personWithDog.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...
 9             var personWithCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithCat");
10             personWithCat.HiWeGo();//A cat is runing...
11             Console.Read();

View Code

 使用InjectionConstructor特性注入

爲了演示[InjectionConstructor]特性，先改造一下Person類

 1 using System.Collections.Generic;
 2 using Microsoft.Practices.Unity;
 3 namespace UnityTest
 4 {
 5     public class Person
 6     {
 7         private List<IRun> pets;
 8 
 9         public Person()
10         {
11             pets = new List<IRun>();
12         }
13 
14         [InjectionConstructor]
15         public Person(IRun iRun):this()
16         {
17             pets.Add(iRun);
18         }
19        
20         public Person(IRun iRun1,IRun iRun2):this()
21         {
22             pets.Add(iRun1);
23             pets.Add(iRun2);
24         }
25 
26 
27         public void HiWeGo()
28         {
29             foreach (var pet in pets)
30             {
31                 pet.Run();
32             }
33         }
34     }
35 }

View Code

測試一下：

 1             var container = new UnityContainer();
 2 
 3             container.RegisterType<IRun, Dog>("dog") //註冊一個帶標識的dog類型
 4                 .RegisterType<IRun, Cat>("cat") //註冊一個帶標識的cat類型
 5                 .RegisterType<IRun, Dog>() //不指定標識，即默認IRun的實例爲dog
 6                 .RegisterType<Person, Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat",
 7                     new InjectionConstructor(
 8                         container.Resolve<IRun>("dog"),
 9                         container.Resolve<IRun>("cat")
10                     )//顯示將二個參數的構造方法註冊到容器中
11                 );
12 
13 
14             var person = container.Resolve<Person>();//自動調用有InjectionConstructor標記的構造方法
15             person.HiWeGo();//A dog is runing...
16 
17 
18             Console.WriteLine("---------------");
19 
20             var personWithDogAndCat = container.Resolve<Person>("PersonWithDogAndCat");//顯式調用在容器中註冊過的構造方法
21             personWithDogAndCat.HiWeGo();
22             //A dog is runing...
23             //A cat is runing...
24 
25             Console.Read();

View Code

 未完待續...