一、編寫守護進程的步驟
Python建立守護進程其實和c建立守護進程的方式大同小異了,其實就是那麼幾個步驟:
(1)建立子進程,父進程退出
(2)改變當前目錄爲根目錄
(3)在子進程中建立新會話
(4)重設文件權限掩碼
(5)子進中建立孫子進程,子進程退出,孫子進程成爲真正的守護進程
(6)關閉文件描述符html
二、定義一個Daemon類,有其餘人寫好的標準類,能夠直接引用
daemon_python.pypython
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf-8 import sys, os, time, atexitfrom signal import SIGTERM class Daemon: """ A generic daemon class. Usage: subclass the Daemon class and override the run() method """ def __init__(self, pidfile, stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null'): self.stdin = stdin self.stdout = stdout self.stderr = stderr self.pidfile = pidfile def daemonize(self): """ do the UNIX double-fork magic, see Stevens' "Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment" for details (ISBN 0201563177) http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_2.html#SEC16 """ try: pid = os.fork() if pid > 0: # exit first parent sys.exit(0) except OSError, e: sys.stderr.write("fork #1 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror)) sys.exit(1) # decouple from parent environment os.chdir("/") os.setsid() os.umask(0) # do second fork try: pid = os.fork() if pid > 0: # exit from second parent sys.exit(0) except OSError, e: sys.stderr.write("fork #2 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror)) sys.exit(1) # redirect standard file descriptors sys.stdout.flush() sys.stderr.flush() si = file(self.stdin, 'r') so = file(self.stdout, 'a+') se = file(self.stderr, 'a+', 0) os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno()) os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno()) os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno()) # write pidfile atexit.register(self.delpid) pid = str(os.getpid()) file(self.pidfile,'w+').write("%s\n" % pid) def delpid(self): os.remove(self.pidfile) def start(self): """ Start the daemon """ # Check for a pidfile to see if the daemon already runs try: pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r') pid = int(pf.read().strip()) pf.close() except IOError: pid = None if pid: message = "pidfile %s already exist. Daemon already running?\n" sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile) sys.exit(1) # Start the daemon self.daemonize() self.run() def stop(self): """ Stop the daemon """ # Get the pid from the pidfile try: pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r') pid = int(pf.read().strip()) pf.close() except IOError: pid = None if not pid: message = "pidfile %s does not exist. Daemon not running?\n" sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile) return try: while 1: os.kill(pid, SIGTERM) time.sleep(0.1) except OSError, err: err = str(err) if err.find("No such process") > 0: if os.path.exists(self.pidfile): os.remove(self.pidfile) else: print str(err) sys.exit(1) def restart(self): """ Restart the daemon """ self.stop() self.start() def run(self): """ You should override this method when you subclass Daemon. It will be called after the process has been daemonized by start() or restart(). """
三、寫一個測試的守護進程,每隔兩秒向文件中寫入數據 ide
test.py函數
#!/usr/bin/env python #coding:utf-8 import sys, os, time, atexitfrom signal import SIGTERM from optparse import OptionParser from daemon_python import Daemon class my_daemon(Daemon): def run(self): """ 每兩秒向文件寫入信息 """ while True: pf = file('/tmp/python_example.txt', 'a+') pf.write("this is test python daemon\n") pf.close() time.sleep(2) if __name__ == "__main__": newParser = OptionParser() newParser.add_option("--action", dest="action", help=u'start|restart|stop daemon') (args, option) = newParser.parse_args() if not args.action: print newParser.print_help() exit(1) daemon = my_daemon('/tmp/my_daemon.pid') if args.action == 'start': daemon.start() elif args.action == 'restart': daemon.restart() elif args.action == 'stop': daemon.stop() else: print 'unkowm command'
是否是很簡單,大家本身也動手試一下吧。
這裏用到的命令行解析函數OptionParser(),你們能夠本身去查下,這個函數功能很強大測試