nginx實戰二

時間  2019-11-19
標籤 nginx 實戰 欄目 Nginx 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

 nginx架構分析

1.nginx模塊化php

Nginx涉及到的模塊分爲核心模塊、標準HTTP模塊、可選HTTP模塊、郵件服務模塊以及第三方模塊等五大類。css

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/4z/module.mdhtml

[root@centos-03 objs]# ls ngx_modules.c
ngx_modules.c
[root@centos-03 objs]#

2.模塊目錄linux

[root@centos-03 objs]# cd src
[root@centos-03 src]# ls
core  event  http  mail  misc  os  stream
[root@centos-03 src]#

3.nginx WEB請求機制nginx

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/4z/IO.mdgit

線程是進程的一個子單元，線程比進程好的地方是能夠節省更多的資源，假如我開一個進程耗費的資源是20兆，那我開10個線程也是佔用20兆，這樣我一樣的內存能夠開更多的線程出來，每一個線程也是處理一個請求，線程也有弊端，須要和其餘的線程共享內存，穩定性不是很好　github

同步：同步、異步發生在當客戶端發起請求後，服務端處理客戶端的請求時。 同步機制，是指客戶端發送請求後，須要等待服務端（內核）返回信息後，再繼續發送下一個請求。 在同步機制中，全部的請求在服務器端獲得同步，即發送方和接收方對請求的處理步調是一致的。web

異步：異步機制，是指客戶端發出一個請求後，不等待服務端（內核）返回信息，就繼續發送下一個請求。 在異步機制中，全部來自發送方的請求造成一個隊列，接收方處理完後再通知發送方。正則表達式

阻塞：阻塞與非阻塞發生在IO調度中，好比內核到磁盤IO。 阻塞方式下，進程/線程在獲取最終結果以前，被系統掛起了，也就是所謂的阻塞了，在阻塞過程當中該進程什麼都幹不了， 直到最終結果反饋給它時，它才恢復運行狀態。chrome

非阻塞：非阻塞方式和阻塞相反，進程/線程在獲取最終結果以前，並無進入被掛起的狀態，而是該進程能夠繼續執行新的任務。 當有最終結果反饋給該進程時，它再把結果交給客戶端。

4.nginx事件驅動模型

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/4z/event.md

事件驅動模型是實現異步非阻塞的一個手段。事件驅動模型中，一個進程（線程）就能夠了。 對於web服務器來講，客戶端A的請求鏈接到服務端時，服務端的某個進程（Nginx worker process）會處理該請求， 此進程在沒有返回給客戶端A結果時，它又去處理了客戶端B的請求。 服務端把客戶端A以及客戶端B發來的請求做爲事件交給了「事件收集器」， 而「事件收集器」再把收集到的事件交由「事件發送器」發送給「事件處理器」進行處理。 最後「事件處理器」處理完該事件後，通知服務端進程，服務端進程再把結果返回給客戶端A、客戶端B。 在這個過程當中，服務端進程作的事情屬於用戶級別的，而事件處理這部分工做屬於內核級別的。 也就是說這個事件驅動模型是須要操做系統內核來做爲支撐的。

select模型、poll模型、epoll模型

5.Nginx架構

Nginx服務器使用 master/worker 多進程模式。 主進程(Master process)啓動後，會接收和處理外部信號； 主進程啓動後經過fork() 函數產生一個或多個子進程(work process)，每一個子進程會進行進程初始化、 模塊調用以及對事件的接收和處理等工做。

nginx虛擬主機配置

1.nginx配置文件包括三部分：events上面的是全局部分、events、http（http裏面有server，每個server就是一個虛擬主機，一個http裏面有多個server，能夠跑多個站點，通常咱們都是在http最下面加一條include vhost/*.conf，把全部的虛擬主機配置寫到這個目錄裏面(http裏面默認的server也註釋掉)）

[root@centos-03 conf]# ls /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@centos-03 conf]#

2.建立vhost目錄，而後在vhost目錄下建立.conf文件，咱們這裏全部的站點文件都放到data/wwwroot/目錄下

[root@centos-03 conf]# mkdir vhost
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# mkdir -p /data/wwwroot/
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/www.1.com
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# cd vhost/

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com；
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# cd /data/wwwroot/www.1.com/

[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# vim index.html^C           
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# cat index.html 
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]#

3.檢查下配置文件是否有錯

[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t         
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]#

4.從新加載配置文件

[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 conf]#

5.測試（至關於咱們的www.1.com解析到了127.0.0.1上面了）

[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 conf]#

6.這裏咱們用任何域名訪問nginx都指向了www.1.com，這是由於nginx有一個默認虛擬主機的說法（訪問沒有配置的域名會指向其中一個虛擬主機），咱們須要配置一個默認虛擬主機作一個限制，拒絕訪問。

[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.a.com
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.b.com
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# cd vhost/^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cp 1.conf default.conf^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim default.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat default.conf 
server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        deny all;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.a.com
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.b.com
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 vhost]#

7.泛解析server配置全部的xxx.1.com類型訪問都會到1.com/index.html上

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name *.1.com;
        root /data/wwwroot/1.com;
}

8.基於端口的虛擬主機

[root@centos-03 vhost]# cp 1.conf 2.conf

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 2.conf ^C   
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 2.conf 
server {
        listen 8080;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com_8080;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/www.1.com_8080 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim /data/wwwroot/www.1.com_8080/index.html^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat !$
cat /data/wwwroot/www.1.com_8080/index.html
8080
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t                 
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:8080 www.1.com
8080
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com  
www.1.com
[root@centos-03 vhost]#

nginx的rewrite配置-if

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/rewrite/if.md

1.if指令條件判斷語句由Nginx內置變量、邏輯判斷符號和目標字符串三部分組成。 其中，內置變量是Nginx固定的非自定義的變量，如，$request_method, $request_uri等。 邏輯判斷符號，有=, !=, ~, ~*, !~, !~* !表示相反的意思，~爲匹配符號，它右側爲正則表達式，區分大小寫，而~*爲不區分大小寫匹配。 目標字符串能夠是正則表達式，一般不用加引號，但表達式中有特殊符號時，好比空格、花括號、分號等，須要用單引號引發來。

if ($request_method = POST)  //當請求的方法爲POST時，直接返回405狀態碼
{
    return 405; //在該示例中並未用到rewrite規則，if中支持用return指令。
}

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) //user_agent帶有MSIE字符的請求，直接返回403狀態碼
{
    return 403;
}

若是想同時限制多個user_agent，還能夠寫成這樣

if ($http_user_agent ~ "MSIE|firefox|spider")
{
    return 403;
}

if(!-f $request_filename)  //當請求的文件不存在，將會執行下面的rewrite規則
{
    rewrite 語句;
}

if($request_uri ~* 'gid=\d{9,12}/')  //\d表示數字，{9,12}表示數字出現的次數是9到12次，如gid=123456789/就是符合條件的。
{
    rewrite 語句;
}

rewrite中的break和last

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/rewrite/break.md

兩個指令用法相同，但含義不一樣，須要放到rewrite規則的末尾，用來控制重寫後的連接是否繼續被nginx配置執行(主要是rewrite、return指令)。

示例1（連續兩條rewrite規則）：
server{
    listen 80; 
    server_name test.com;
    root /tmp/123.com;

    rewrite /1.html /2.html ;
    rewrite /2.html /3.html ;
    
}
當咱們請求1.html時，最終訪問到的是3.html，兩條rewrite規則前後執行。

1.咱們用1.conf虛擬機作實驗，建立1.html、2.html、3.html

[root@centos-03 vhost]# cd /data/wwwroot/www.1.com
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# ls
index.html
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# touch 1.html 2.html 3.html
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# ls
1.html  2.html  3.html  index.html
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# echo 111 > 1.html
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# echo 222 > 2.html   
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# echo 333 > 3.html   
[root@centos-03 www.1.com]#

2.配置1.conf，開啓rewrite日誌添加rewrite規則，經過日誌記錄咱們查看rewrite執行過程，開啓error_log notice級別

[root@centos-03 www.1.com]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf 
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;
        rewrite /1.html /2.html; （這樣會連續執行rewrite規則）
        rewrite /2.html /3.html;
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim nginx.conf
#error_log  logs/error.log;
error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/1.html
333
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# less ../logs/error.log 
2018/07/26 17:33:21 [notice] 11371#0: *27 "/1.html" matches "/1.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 17:33:21 [notice] 11371#0: *27 rewritten data: "/2.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 17:33:21 [notice] 11371#0: *27 "/2.html" matches "/2.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 17:33:21 [notice] 11371#0: *27 rewritten data: "/3.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
(END)

3.咱們想讓執行完一個rewrite後就終止能夠用break或last，這樣匹配到222就不往下匹配了

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf 
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;
        rewrite /1.html /2.html last;
        rewrite /2.html /3.html;
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# 
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# !curl
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/1.html
222
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# tail ../logs/error.log 
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 9429#0: start worker processes
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 9429#0: start worker process 11428
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 11371#0: gracefully shutting down
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 11371#0: exiting
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 11371#0: exit
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 9429#0: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 11371
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 9429#0: worker process 11371 exited with code 0
2018/07/26 18:43:07 [notice] 9429#0: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2018/07/26 18:43:15 [notice] 11428#0: *28 "/1.html" matches "/1.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 18:43:15 [notice] 11428#0: *28 rewritten data: "/2.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
[root@centos-03 conf]#

4.當使用了location的時候last和break不同，不加break和last的狀況

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;
        location / {
                rewrite /1.html /2.html;
                rewrite /2.html /3.html;
        }
        location /2.html
        {
                rewrite /2.html /a.html;
        }
        location /3.html
        {
                rewrite /3.html /b.html;
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t       
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# !curl
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/1.html
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 conf]# 

[root@centos-03 conf]# !tail
tail ../logs/error.log 
2018/07/26 19:24:53 [notice] 9429#0: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 "/1.html" matches "/1.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 rewritten data: "/2.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 "/2.html" matches "/2.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 rewritten data: "/3.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 "/3.html" matches "/3.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 rewritten data: "/b.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 "/1.html" does not match "/b.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [notice] 11465#0: *29 "/2.html" does not match "/b.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:25:02 [error] 11465#0: *29 open() "/data/wwwroot/www.1.com/b.html" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: 
"GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
[root@centos-03 conf]#

5.加上break的狀況

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;
        location / {
                rewrite /1.html /2.html break;
                rewrite /2.html /3.html;
        }
        location /2.html
        {
                rewrite /2.html /a.html;
        }
        location /3.html
        {
                rewrite /3.html /b.html;
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t      
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# !curl
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/1.html
222
[root@centos-03 conf]# !tail
tail ../logs/error.log 
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 9429#0: start worker processes
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 9429#0: start worker process 11475
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 11465#0: gracefully shutting down
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 11465#0: exiting
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 11465#0: exit
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 9429#0: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 11465
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 9429#0: worker process 11465 exited with code 0
2018/07/26 19:36:11 [notice] 9429#0: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2018/07/26 19:36:19 [notice] 11475#0: *30 "/1.html" matches "/1.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:36:19 [notice] 11475#0: *30 rewritten data: "/2.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
[root@centos-03 conf]#

6.把break改爲last試試

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C    
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;
        location / {
                rewrite /1.html /2.html last;
                rewrite /2.html /3.html;
        }
        location /2.html
        {
                rewrite /2.html /a.html;
        }
        location /3.html
        {
                rewrite /3.html /b.html;
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t      
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# !curl
curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/1.html
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 conf]# !tail
tail ../logs/error.log 
2018/07/26 19:39:05 [notice] 9429#0: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 11475
2018/07/26 19:39:05 [notice] 9429#0: worker process 11475 exited with code 0
2018/07/26 19:39:05 [notice] 9429#0: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 "/1.html" matches "/1.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 rewritten data: "/2.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 "/2.html" matches "/2.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 rewritten data: "/a.html", args: "", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 "/1.html" does not match "/a.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [notice] 11484#0: *31 "/2.html" does not match "/a.html", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request: "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
2018/07/26 19:39:12 [error] 11484#0: *31 open() "/data/wwwroot/www.1.com/a.html" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.1.com, request:
 "GET HTTP://www.1.com/1.html HTTP/1.1", host: "www.1.com"
[root@centos-03 conf]#
結論：
  • 當rewrite規則在location{}外，break和last做用同樣，遇到break或last後，其後續的rewrite/return語句再也不執行。但後續有location{}的話，還會近一步執行location{}裏面的語句,固然前提是請求必需要匹配該location。
  • 當rewrite規則在location{}裏，遇到break後，本location{}與其餘location{}的全部rewrite/return規則都再也不執行。
  • 當rewrite規則在location{}裏，遇到last後，本location{}裏後續rewrite/return規則不執行，但重寫後的url再次從頭開始執行全部規則，哪一個匹配執行哪一個。

nginx中的return用法

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/rewrite/return.md

該指令通常用於對請求的客戶端直接返回響應狀態碼。在該做用域內return後面的全部nginx配置都是無效的。 可使用在server、location以及if配置中。 除了支持跟狀態碼，還能夠跟字符串或者url連接。

1.直接返回狀態碼

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/default.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/default.conf 
server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        return 403;
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 fjldsfjdsajfl
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 fjldsfjdsajfl -I
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:42:18 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 conf]#

2.在if中使用return直接返回404

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf    
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;

        if ($request_uri ~ "\.htpasswd|\.bak")
        {
                return 404;
                rewrite /(.*) /aaa.txt;  #該行配置不會被執行。
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t      
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:50:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 conf]#

3.返回字符串

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;

        if ($request_uri ~ "\.htpasswd|\.bak")
        {
                return 200 "ok";
                rewrite /(.*) /aaa.txt;  #該行配置不會被執行。
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t               
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd -I 
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:53:53 GMT
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Length: 2
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd
ok[root@centos-03 conf]#

4.返回url

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf                      
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;

        if ($request_uri ~ "\.htpasswd|\.bak")
        {
                return 200 "<html><script>window.location.href='//$host$request_uri';</script></html>";
                rewrite /(.*) /aaa.txt;  #該行配置不會被執行。
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t            
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd 
<html><script>window.location.href='//www.1.com/12/.htpasswd';</script></html>[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 13:07:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Length: 78
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 conf]#

5.301跳轉

[root@centos-03 conf]# vim vhost/1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 conf]# cat vhost/1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite_log on;

        if ($request_uri ~ "\.htpasswd|\.bak")
        {
                return 301 http://www.baidu.com;
                rewrite /(.*) /aaa.txt;  #該行配置不會被執行。
        }
}
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t               
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload        
[root@centos-03 conf]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/12/.htpasswd -I 
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 13:12:38 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.baidu.com

[root@centos-03 conf]#

rewrite規則語法

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/rewrite/rewrite_ruler.md

1.格式：rewrite regex replacement [flag]

* rewrite配置能夠在server、location以及if配置段內生效 * regex是用於匹配URI的正則表達式，其不會匹配到$host（域名） * replacement是目標跳轉的URI，能夠以http://或者https://開頭，也能夠省略掉$host，直接寫$request_uri部分（即請求的連接） * flag，用來設置rewrite對URI的處理行爲，其中有break、last、rediect、permanent，其中break和last在前面已經介紹過， rediect和permanent的區別在於，前者爲臨時重定向(302)，然後者是永久重定向(301)，對於用戶經過瀏覽器訪問，這二者的效果是一致的。 可是，對於搜索引擎蜘蛛爬蟲來講就有區別了，使用301更有利於SEO。因此，建議replacemnet是以http://或者https://開頭的flag使用permanent。

例一：

location / {
    rewrite /(.*) http://www.aming.com/$1 permanent;
}
說明：.*爲正則表達式，用()括起來，在後面的URI中能夠調用它，第一次出現的()用$1調用，第二次出現的()用$2調用，以此類推。

例二：

location / {
    rewrite /.* http://www.aming.com$request_uri permanent;
}
說明：在replacement中，支持變量，這裏的$request_uri就是客戶端請求的連接

例三：

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.123.com;
    root /tmp/123.com;
    index index.html;
    rewrite /(.*) /abc/$1 redirect;
}
說明：本例中的rewrite規則有問題，會造連續循環，最終會失敗，解決該問題有兩個方案。
關於循環次數，經測試發現，curl 會循環50次，chrome會循環80次，IE會循環120次，firefox會循環20次。

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.123.com;
    root /tmp/123.com;
    index index.html;
    rewrite /(.*) /abc/$1 break;
}
說明：在rewrite中使用break，會避免循環。

server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.123.com;
    root /tmp/123.com;
    index index.html;
    if ($request_uri !~ '^/abc/')
    {
        rewrite /(.*) /abc/$1 redirect;
    }
}
說明：加一個條件限制，也能夠避免產生循環

nginx全局變量

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/rewrite/variable.md

nginx 經常使用全局變量

$args	請求中的參數，如www.123.com/1.php?a=1&b=2的$args就是a=1&b=2
$content_length	HTTP請求信息裏的」Content-Length」
$conten_type	HTTP請求信息裏的」Content-Type」
$document_root	nginx虛擬主機配置文件中的root參數對應的值
$document_uri	當前請求中不包含指令的URI，如www.123.com/1.php?a=1&b=2的$document_uri就是1.php,不包含後面的參數
$host	主機頭，也就是域名
$http_user_agent	客戶端的詳細信息，也就是瀏覽器的標識，用curl -A能夠指定
$http_cookie	客戶端的cookie信息
$limit_rate	若是nginx服務器使用limit_rate配置了顯示網絡速率，則會顯示，若是沒有設置， 則顯示0
$remote_addr	客戶端的公網ip
$remote_port	客戶端的port
$remote_user	若是nginx有配置認證，該變量表明客戶端認證的用戶名
$request_body_file	作反向代理時發給後端服務器的本地資源的名稱
$request_method	請求資源的方式，GET/PUT/DELETE等
$request_filename	當前請求的資源文件的路徑名稱，至關因而$document_root/$document_uri的組合
$request_uri	請求的連接，包括$document_uri和$args
$scheme	請求的協議，如ftp,http,https
$server_protocol	客戶端請求資源使用的協議的版本，如HTTP/1.0，HTTP/1.1，HTTP/2.0等
$server_addr	服務器IP地址
$server_name	服務器的主機名
$server_port	服務器的端口號
$uri	和$document_uri相同
$http_referer	客戶端請求時的referer，通俗講就是該請求是經過哪一個連接跳過來的，用curl -e能夠指定

1.$args

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        return 200 "$args";
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t              
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.php?a=1&b=2'
a=1&b=2[root@centos-03 vhost]#

2.$content_length

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.php?a=1&b=2' -I
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 13:48:13 GMT
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Length: 7
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]#

3.$http_user_agent

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        return 200 "$http_user_agent";
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t                 
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.php?a=1&b=2'
curl/7.29.0[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -A "USERANGET" -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.php?a=1&b=2'
USERANGET[root@centos-03 vhost]#

rewrite實戰　　

域名跳轉（域名重定向）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        rewrite /(.*) http://www.baidu.com/$1 permanent;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t              
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/a'            
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.14.0</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/a' -I
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 14:21:52 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.baidu.com/a

[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

示例2（帶條件的）：
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aminglinux.com aminglinux.com;
    if ($host != 'www.aminglinux.com')
    {
        rewrite /(.*) http://www.aminglinux.com/$1 permanent;
    }
    .......
    
}
示例3（http跳轉到https）：
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aminglinux.com;
    rewrite /(.*) https://www.aminglinux.com/$1 permanent;
    .......
    
}
示例4（域名訪問二級目錄）
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name bbs.aminglinux.com;
    rewrite /(.*) http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/$1 last;
    .......
    
}
示例5（靜態請求分離）
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aminglinux.com;
    location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js)$
    {
        rewrite /(.*) http://img.aminglinux.com/$1 permanent;
    }

    .......
    
}
或者：
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aminglinux.com;
    if ( $uri ~* 'jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js$')
    {
        rewrite /(.*) http://img.aminglinux.com/$1 permanent;
    }

    .......
    
}

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        if ( $uri ~* (jpg|gif|jpeg)$){
                rewrite /(.*) http://www.baidu.com/$1 permanent;
        }
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t     
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.jpg' -I  
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 14:44:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 185
Connection: keep-alive
Location: http://www.baidu.com/1.jpg

[root@centos-03 vhost]#
防盜鏈
示例6
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.aminglinux.com;
    location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|rar|zip|flv)$
    {
        valid_referers none blocked server_names *.aminglinux.com aminglinux.com *.aming.com aming.com;
        if ($invalid_referer)
        {
            rewrite /(.*) http://img.aminglinux.com/images/forbidden.png;
        }
    }

    .......
    
}
說明：*這裏是通配，跟正則裏面的*不是一個意思，none指的是referer不存在的狀況（curl -e 測試），
      blocked指的是referer頭部的值被防火牆或者代理服務器刪除或者假裝的狀況，
      該狀況下，referer頭部的值不以http://或者https://開頭（curl -e 後面跟的referer不以http://或者https://開頭）。
或者：
    location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|rar|zip|flv)$
    {
        valid_referers none blocked server_names *.aminglinux.com *.aming.com aminglinux.com aming.com;
        if ($invalid_referer)
        {
            return 403;
        }
    }

1.當咱們用域名www.1.com訪問時返回404正確，用www.2.com訪問返回403沒權限

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|rar|zip|flv)$
        {
                valid_referers none blocked server_names *.1.com 1.com;  (白名單域名)
        if ($invalid_referer)
        {
            return 403;
        }
    }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t         
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.jpg' -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:13:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.2.com/1.jpg' -I 
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:13:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -e "http://www.1.com" -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.jpg' -I          
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:19:00 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -e "http://www.2.com" -x127.0.0.1:80 'www.1.com/1.jpg' -I 
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:19:09 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]#
僞靜態
示例7(discuz僞靜態)：
location /  {
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
    rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;
}
rewrite多個條件的而且
示例8：
location /{
    set $rule 0;
    if ($document_uri !~ '^/abc')
    {
        set $rule "${rule}1";
    }
    if ($http_user_agent ~* 'ie6|firefox')
    {
       set $rule "${rule}2";
    }
    if ($rule = "012")
    {
        rewrite /(.*) /abc/$1 redirect;
    }
}

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|rar|zip|flv)$
        {
                valid_referers none blocked server_names *.1.com 1.com;
                if ($invalid_referer)
                {
                        return 403;
                }
        }

        set $a 0;
        if ($request_uri !~ "^/abc/")
        {
                set $a "${a}1";
        }

        if ($http_user_agent ~ 'IE|chrome')
        {
                set $a "${a}2";
        }

        if ($a = "012")
        {
                return 406;
        }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t                    
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -A "chrome" www.1.com/1.html -I
HTTP/1.1 406 Not Acceptable
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:46:05 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 179
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 -A "chrome" www.1.com/abc/1.html -I
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Thu, 26 Jul 2018 15:50:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive

[root@centos-03 vhost]#

nginx的location配置　　

https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/location/ruler.md

1.安裝echo-nginx-module模塊，這樣咱們就可使用echo命令了，首先用git把源碼克隆下來

[root@centos-03 src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos-03 src]# yum install -y git
[root@centos-03 src]# git clone https://github.com/openresty/echo-nginx-module.git
正克隆到 'echo-nginx-module'...
remote: Counting objects: 2991, done.
remote: Total 2991 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 2991
接收對象中: 100% (2991/2991), 1.13 MiB | 152.00 KiB/s, done.
處理 delta 中: 100% (1607/1607), done.
[root@centos-03 src]# 

[root@centos-03 src]# ls
echo-nginx-module  filebeat-6.3.1-x86_64.rpm  nginx-1.14.0  nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[root@centos-03 src]# cd nginx-1.14.0
[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# make clean
rm -rf Makefile objs
[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) 
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=/usr/local/src/echo-nginx-module/

[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# make && make install

[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# /etc/init.d/nginx restart
Restarting nginx (via systemctl):                          [  肯定  ]
[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V                                                      
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) 
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=/usr/local/src/echo-nginx-module/
[root@centos-03 nginx-1.14.0]#

2.測試echo命令是否能用

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location /abc/
        {
                echo 123;
        }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/abc/www
123
[root@centos-03 vhost]#

location語法

nginx location語法規則：location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { … } nginx的location匹配的變量是$uri

符號	說明
=	表示精確匹配
^~	表示uri以指定字符或字符串開頭
~	表示區分大小寫的正則匹配
~*	表示不區分大小寫的正則匹配
/	通用匹配，任何請求都會匹配到

=  高於  ^~  高於  ~* 等於 ~  高於  /

location = "/12.jpg" { ... }
如：
www.aminglinux.com/12.jpg 匹配
www.aminglinux.com/abc/12.jpg 不匹配

location ^~ "/abc/" { ... }
如：
www.aminglinux.com/abc/123.html 匹配
www.aminglinux.com/a/abc/123.jpg 不匹配

location ~ "png" { ... }
如：
www.aminglinux.com/aaa/bbb/ccc/123.png 匹配
www.aminglinux.com/aaa/png/123.html 匹配

location ~* "png" { ... }
如：
www.aminglinux.com/aaa/bbb/ccc/123.PNG 匹配
www.aminglinux.com/aaa/png/123.html 匹配


location /admin/ { ... }
如：
www.aminglinux.com/admin/aaa/1.php 匹配
www.aminglinux.com/123/admin/1.php 不匹配

有些資料上介紹location支持不匹配 !~，
如： location !~ 'png'{ ... }
這是錯誤的，location不支持 !~

若是有這樣的需求，能夠經過if來實現，
如： if ($uri !~ 'png') { ... }

注意：location優先級小於if

1.echo 在生產環境下不用，只是用作測試　　

優先級測試域名會匹配到兩個location規則因爲~*的優先級高於/優先級，因此最終匹配到了~*

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location /abc/
        {
                echo "/";
        }

        location ~* abc
        {
                echo "~*";

        }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t      
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/abc/www
~*
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C  （^~優先級高於~*）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location ^~ /abc
        {
                echo "^~";
        }

        location ~* abc
        {
                echo "~*";

        }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/abc/www
^~
[root@centos-03 vhost]# 

[root@centos-03 vhost]# vim 1.conf ^C （等於號優先級高於^~）
[root@centos-03 vhost]# cat 1.conf 
server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.1.com;
        index index.html;
        root /data/wwwroot/www.1.com;
        access_log /tmp/1.log;
        location ^~ /abc
        {
                echo "^~";
        }

        location = /abc/1.html
        {
                echo "=";

        }
}
[root@centos-03 vhost]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@centos-03 vhost]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 www.1.com/abc/1.html
=
[root@centos-03 vhost]#
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