kubeadm部署高可用集羣Kubernetes 1.14.1版本

時間  2019-11-06
標籤 kubeadm 部署 可用 集羣 kubernetes 1.14.1 版本 欄目 負載均衡 简体版
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 Kubernetes高可用集羣部署

部署架構：node

Master 組件：linux

  • kube-apiserver

Kubernetes API，集羣的統一入口，各組件協調者，以HTTP API提供接口服務，全部對象資源的增刪改查和監聽操做都交給APIServer處理後再提交給Etcd存儲。nginx

  • kube-controller-manager

處理集羣中常規後臺任務，一個資源對應一個控制器，而ControllerManager就是負責管理這些控制器的。c++

  • kube-scheduler

根據調度算法爲新建立的Pod選擇一個Node節點。git


Node 組件：github

  • kubelet

kubelet是Master在Node節點上的Agent，管理本機運行容器的生命週期，好比建立容器、Pod掛載數據卷、
下載secret、獲取容器和節點狀態等工做。kubelet將每一個Pod轉換成一組容器。算法

  • kube-proxy

在Node節點上實現Pod網絡代理，維護網絡規則和四層負載均衡工做。docker

  • docker

運行容器。
第三方服務：json

  • etcd

分佈式鍵值存儲系統。用於保持集羣狀態，好比Pod、Service等對象信息。bootstrap

下圖清晰代表了Kubernetes的架構設計以及組件之間的通訊協議。

 

 

 

1、環境規劃 

 

角色

 IP

 組件

K8S-MASTER01

10.247.74.48

kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
etcd

kubelet
kube-proxy

flannel

Nginx

keepalived

K8S-MASTER02

10.247.74.49

kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
etcd

kubelet
kube-proxy

flannel

Nginx

keepalived

K8S-MASTER03

10.247.74.50

kube-apiserver
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler
etcd

kubelet
kube-proxy

flannel

Nginx

keepalived

K8S-NODE01

10.247.74.53

kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
flannel

K8S-NODE02

10.247.74.54

kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
flannel

K8S-NODE03

10.247.74.55

kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
flannel

K8S-NODE04

10.247.74.56

kubelet
kube-proxy
docker
flannel

K8S-VIP

10.247.74.51

  

軟件版本信息

 

軟件

版本

Linux操做系統

Red Hat Enterprise 7.6_x64

Kubernetes

1.14.1

Docker

18.06.3-ce

Etcd

3.0

Nginx

17.0

1.1系統環境準備（全部節點）

#設置主機名及關閉selinux，swap分區

cat <<EOF >>/etc/hosts

10.247.74.48  TWDSCPA203V

10.247.74.49  TWDSCPA204V

10.247.74.50  TWDSCPA205V

10.247.74.53  TWDSCPA206V

10.247.74.54  TWDSCPA207V

10.247.74.55  TWDSCPA208V

10.247.74.56  TWDSCPA209V

10.247.74.51  K8S-VIP

EOF

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

swapoff -a

sed -i 's/\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap/\#\/dev\/mapper\/centos-swap/g' /etc/fstab

systemctl enable ntpd

systemctl start ntpd　

#設置內核參數

echo "* soft nofile 32768" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "* hard nofile 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "* soft nproc 32768" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

echo "* hadr nproc 65535" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

vm.swappisysctl --system

ness=0

EOF

sysctl --system

sysctl -p

#加載IPVS模塊

在全部的Kubernetes節點執行如下腳本（若內核大於4.19替換nf_conntrack_ipv4爲nf_conntrack）:

cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF

#!/bin/bash

modprobe -- ip_vs

modprobe -- ip_vs_rr

modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr

modprobe -- ip_vs_sh

modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4

EOF

#執行腳本

chmod 755  /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

#安裝ipvs相關管理軟件

yum install ipset ipvsadm -y
reboot

1.2安裝Docker（全部節點）

# Step 1: 安裝必要的一些系統工具

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

#sSep 2:安裝ddocker

yum update -y && yum install -y docker-ce-18.06.3.ce

# Step 3: 配置docker倉庫及鏡像存放路徑

mkdir -p /mnt/sscp/data/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": [ "https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"insecure-registries":["172.31.182.143"],
"graph": "//mnt/sscp/data/docker"
}
EOF

# Step 4: 重啓啓Docker服務

systemctl restart docker
systemctl enable docker　

1.3部署Nginx

1、安裝依賴包
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel
2、從官網下載安裝包
wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
3、解壓並安裝
tar zxvf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.16.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gzip_static_module--with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module
make && make install
4、配置kube-apiserver反向代理
stream {
   log_format  main  '$remote_addr $upstream_addr - [$time_local] $status $upstream_bytes_sent';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/k8s-access.log  main;
upstream k8s-apiserver {
    server 10.247.74.48:6443;
    server 10.247.74.49:6443;
    server 10.247.74.50:6443;
}
server {
        listen 0.0.0.0:8443;
        proxy_pass k8s-apiserver;
}
}
5、啓動nginx服務
/usr/local/sbin/nginx

1.4部署keepalived

1、下載地址：

wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.0.16.tar.gz
2、解壓並安裝

tar xf keepalived-2.0.16.tar.gz

cd keepalived-2.0.16

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

make && make install

cp /root/keepalived-2.0.16/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

2、添加配置文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

MASTER：

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state MASTER

    interface ens32    

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 100   

    advert_int 1   

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS     

        auth_pass 1111

    } 

    virtual_ipaddress {

        10.247.74.51/24

    }

BACKUP：

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface ens32    

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 90   

    advert_int 1   

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS     

        auth_pass 1111

    } 

    virtual_ipaddress {

        10.247.74.51/24

    }

1.5部署kubeadm（全部節點）

如下操做在全部節點執行。

#因爲官方源國內沒法訪問，這裏使用阿里雲yum源進行替換：

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

#安裝kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl,注意這裏安裝版本v1.14.1:

yum install -y kubelet-1.14.1 kubeadm-1.14.1 kubectl-1.14.1
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

1.6部署Master節點

初始化參考： https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-init/ https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta1

建立初始化配置文件 可使用以下命令生成初始化配置文件

kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml

根據實際部署環境修改信息：

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 10.247.74.48
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
  name: cn-hongkong.i-j6caps6av1mtyxyofmrw
  taints:
  - effect: NoSchedule
    key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "10.247.74.51:8443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
  type: CoreDNS
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.14.1
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
  serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
---
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
featureGates:
  SupportIPVSProxyMode: true
mode: ipvs

配置說明：

controlPlaneEndpoint：爲vip地址和haproxy監聽端口6444
imageRepository:因爲國內沒法訪問google鏡像倉庫k8s.gcr.io，這裏指定爲阿里雲鏡像倉庫registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
podSubnet:指定的IP地址段與後續部署的網絡插件相匹配，這裏須要部署flannel插件，因此配置爲10.244.0.0/16
mode: ipvs:最後追加的配置爲開啓ipvs模式。

在集羣搭建完成後可使用以下命令查看生效的配置文件：

kubeadm  config images pull  --config kubeadm-config.yaml  # 經過阿里源預先拉鏡像

初始化Master01節點

這裏追加tee命令將初始化日誌輸出到kubeadm-init.log中以備用（可選）。

kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log

該命令指定了初始化時須要使用的配置文件，其中添加–experimental-upload-certs參數能夠在後續執行加入節點時自動分發證書文件。 

1.7添加其餘Master節點

執行如下命令：

kubeadm join 10.247.74.51:8443 --token ocb5tz.pv252zn76rl4l3f6 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:141bbeb79bf58d81d551f33ace207c7b19bee1cfd7790112ce26a6a300eee5a2 \
--experimental-control-plane --certificate-key 20366c9cdbfdc1435a6f6d616d988d027f2785e34e2df9383f784cf61bab9826

添加上下文：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

1.8添加Node節點

執行如下命令：

kubeadm join 10.247.74.51:8443 --token ocb5tz.pv252zn76rl4l3f6 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:141bbeb79bf58d81d551f33ace207c7b19bee1cfd7790112ce26a6a300eee5a2

1.9部署flannel並查詢集羣狀態

1、部署flannel

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

2、查看集羣狀態

# kubectl get node

1.10後續

token默認24h後失效若是有新的node加入可在master上從新生成：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command
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