scrapy入門：豆瓣電影top250爬取

本文內容

• 爬取豆瓣電影Top250頁面內容，字段包含：
  排名，片名，導演，一句話描述 有的爲空，評分，評價人數，上映時間，上映國家，類別
• 抓取數據存儲

scrapy介紹

Scrapy爬蟲框架教程（一）-- Scrapy入門

建立項目

scrapy startproject dbmovie

建立爬蟲

cd dbmoive
scarpy genspider dbmovie_spider movie.douban.com/top250

注意，爬蟲名不能和項目名同樣

應對反爬策略的配置

• 打開settings.py文件，將ROBOTSTXT_OBEY修改成False。

  ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

• 修改User-Agent

  DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
      'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
      'Accept-Language': 'en',
      'Accept-Encoding' :  'gzip, deflate, br',
      'Cache-Control' :  'max-age=0',
      'Connection' :  'keep-alive',
      'Host' :  'movie.douban.com',
      'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests' :  '1',
      'User-Agent' :  'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
  }

運行爬蟲

scrapy crawl dbmovie_spider

定義item

根據前面的分析，咱們須要抓取一共十個字段的信息，如今在items.py文件中定義item

import scrapy

class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 排名
    ranking = scrapy.Field()
    # 篇名 
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 導演
    director = scrapy.Field()
    # 一句話描述 有的爲空
    movie_desc = scrapy.Field()
    # 評分
    rating_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 評價人數
    people_count = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映時間
    online_date = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映國家
    country = scrapy.Field()
    # 類別
    category = scrapy.Field()

字段提取

這裏須要用到xpath相關知識，偷了個懶，直接用chrome插件獲取
Chrome瀏覽器獲取XPATH的方法----經過開發者工具獲取

def parse(self, response):
    item = DoubanItem()
    movies = response.xpath('//div[@class="item"]')
    for movie in movies:
        # 名次
        item['ranking'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="pic"]/em/text()').extract()[0]
        # 片名 提取多個片名
        titles = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[1]/a/span/text()').extract()[0]
        item['title'] = titles
        # 獲取導演信息
        info_director = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[1]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "").split('\xa0')[0]
        item['director'] = info_director
        # 上映日期
        online_date = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").replace('\xa0', '').split("/")[0].replace(" ", "")
        # 製片國家
        country = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").split("/")[1].replace('\xa0', '')
        # 影片類型
        category = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").split("/")[2].replace('\xa0', '').replace(" ", "")
        item['online_date'] = online_date
        item['country'] = country
        item['category'] = category
        movie_desc = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/p[@class="quote"]/span/text()').extract()
        if len(movie_desc) != 0:  # 判斷info的值是否爲空，不進行這一步有的電影信息並無會報錯或數據不全
            item['movie_desc'] = movie_desc
        else:
            item['movie_desc'] = ' '

        item['rating_num'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()').extract()[0]
        item['people_count'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[4]/text()').extract()[0]
        yield item
    # 獲取下一頁
    next_url = response.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract()
    
    if next_url:
        next_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250' + next_url[0]
        yield scrapy.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse, dont_filter=True)

存儲數據，mysql

注意1064錯誤，表中字段包含mysql關鍵字致使
Scrapy入門教程之寫入數據庫

import pymysql

def dbHandle():
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host='localhost',
        user='root',
        passwd='pwd',
        db="dbmovie",
        charset='utf8',
        use_unicode=False
    )
    return conn

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dbObject = dbHandle()
        cursor = dbObject.cursor()
        sql = "insert into db_info(ranking,title,director,movie_desc,rating_num,people_count,online_date,country,category) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"

        try:
            cursor.execute(sql, (item['ranking'], item['title'], item['director'], item['movie_desc'], item['rating_num'], item['people_count'], item['online_date'], item['country'], item['category']))
            dbObject.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            dbObject.rollback()

        return item

簡單應對爬蟲策略

Scrapy爬蟲——突破反爬蟲最全策略解析