你們好,我是痞子衡,是正經搞技術的痞子。今天痞子衡給你們介紹的是飛思卡爾Kinetis系列MCU的KBOOT之完整性檢測(Integrity Check)特性。html
Application完整性檢測是很是重要的,想象一下若是你的系統中Application被人爲破壞了一部分並注入異常代碼,而系統在啓動過程當中不能檢測出Application的異常直接跳轉執行,那麼將會致使不可預測的結果,這種狀況確定是要避免的,KBOOT在設計時考慮到這種狀況的存在,特地引入了Integrity Check這一特性來解決這個問題。今天痞子衡就爲你們介紹KBOOT中的Integrity Check特性:c++
KBOOT中使用了CRC32算法來檢查Application的Integrity,痞子衡在前面文章 KBOOT配置(FOPT/BOOT Pin/BCA) 裏介紹過KBOOT的BCA配置,其中跟CRC32相關的是offset爲0x04 - 0x0f的12bytes:算法
typedef struct BootloaderConfigurationData { uint32_t tag; //!< [00:03] Tag value used to validate the BCA data. Must be set to 'kcfg'. uint32_t crcStartAddress; //!< [04:07] uint32_t crcByteCount; //!< [08:0b] uint32_t crcExpectedValue; //!< [0c:0f] // ... } bootloader_configuration_data_t;
要想使能Integrity Check功能,Application中必須包含有效的BCA配置數據(即tag需爲'kcfg'),且crcStartAddress、crcByteCount、crcExpectedValue不能全爲0xFFFFFFFF,而實際使用中crcStartAddress通常指向Application起始地址,crcByteCount爲Application總長度(假定Application在內存中是連續的),crcExpectedValue爲Application的CRC32 checksum。
知道了怎麼使能Integrity Check,那有沒有方便的工具爲Application添加有效的Integrity Check數據呢?固然有!在\NXP_Kinetis_Bootloader_2_0_0\bin\Tools\KinetisFlashTool\win目錄下面有一個KinetisFlashTool.exe工具,打開這個工具,選擇【BCA Utilities】,並在Image File下面指定你的Application binary文件(此處以\NXP_Kinetis_Bootloader_2_0_0\apps\led_demo\MK80F25615\iar\binaries\led_demo_tower_0000.bin爲例),而後點擊【Config】便會彈出一個Kinetis Bootloader Configuration界面,確保Tag已被勾選,且在Crc check裏勾選Enable並填寫正確的Image Address,點擊【ok】以後,回到主界面再點擊【Save】,恭喜你,你的Application已經被添加了有效的Integrity Check數據。app
你能夠用二進制編輯器打開你的Application binary文件查看Integrity Check數據是否添加成功,下面是痞子衡生成的新Application文件,能夠看到crcStartAddress = 0, crcByteCount = 0x7A8, crcExpectedValue = 0x4779A38E。編輯器
Note 1: BCA裏指定的CRC計算範圍若是包含crcExpectedValue這4bytes的話,在計算CRC時會自動跳過這4bytes。
Note 2: BCA裏指定的CRC計算長度若是不是4字節對齊,在計算CRC時會自動補0。工具
若是你使能了Integrity Check功能並把含有效Integrity Check配置的Application數據下載進了Flash,下一次芯片復位啓動時會進入KBOOT執行,KBOOT會按照下面流程對Application進行完整性檢測:ui
KBOOT首先會從Flash里加載BCA數據並檢測BCA數據是否有效,當發現BCA和integrity check數據都是有效的,便會將Integrity Checker狀態置爲inactive,不然則會置爲invalid;
當KBOOT對Application完成常規的有效性檢查(初始PC地址是否合法)以後開始嘗試跳轉到Application,在跳轉到Application以前會啓動Integrity Checker流程,Integrity Checker正常工做的前提是其狀態爲inactive,Integrity Checker會分別檢查CRC計算範圍是否合法以及CRC結果是否匹配,僅當這些檢查都經過時,Integrity Checker會返回passed狀態通知KBOOT能夠跳轉Application。this
關於CRC32算法的具體實現有不少分支,KBOOT中使用的比較主流的MPEG2分支,其具體參數以下表所示:設計
上表中最重要的參數是多項式係數polynomial = 0x04C11BD7,這個參數值表明的是以下多項式:3d
x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1
Kinetis芯片中都是有硬件CRC模塊的,KBOOT中CRC32-MPEG2算法能夠經過硬件CRC模塊來實現,恩智浦官方SDK裏提供了CRC模塊的驅動,下面是KBOOT裏對CRC驅動的封裝:
#include "fsl_crc.h" /* Table of base addresses for crc instances. */ static CRC_Type *const g_crcBase[1] = CRC_BASE_PTRS; // initialize the members of the allocated crc32_data_t struct void crc32_init(crc32_data_t *crc32Config) { crc32Config->currentCrc = 0xffffffffU; crc32Config->byteCountCrc = 0; } // "running" crc32 calculation void crc32_update(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, const uint8_t *src, uint32_t lengthInBytes) { crc_config_t crcUserConfigPtr; CRC_GetDefaultConfig(&crcUserConfigPtr); crcUserConfigPtr.crcBits = kCrcBits32; crcUserConfigPtr.seed = crc32Config->currentCrc; crcUserConfigPtr.polynomial = 0x04c11db7U; crcUserConfigPtr.complementChecksum = false; crcUserConfigPtr.reflectIn = false; crcUserConfigPtr.reflectOut = false; // Init CRC module and then run it //! Note: We must init CRC module here, As we may seperate one crc calculation into several times //! Note: It is better to use lock to ensure the integrity of current updating operation of crc calculation // in case crc module is shared by multiple crc updating requests at the same time if (lengthInBytes) { lock_acquire(); CRC_Init(g_crcBase[0], &crcUserConfigPtr); CRC_WriteData(g_crcBase[0], src, lengthInBytes); crcUserConfigPtr.seed = CRC_Get32bitResult(g_crcBase[0]); lock_release(); } crc32Config->currentCrc = crcUserConfigPtr.seed; crc32Config->byteCountCrc += lengthInBytes; } // finalize the crc32 calculation for non-word-aligned counts void crc32_finalize(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, uint32_t *hash) { uint32_t extraBytes = crc32Config->byteCountCrc % 4; // pad with zeroes if (extraBytes) { uint8_t temp[3] = { 0, 0, 0 }; crc32_update(crc32Config, temp, 4 - extraBytes); } *hash = crc32Config->currentCrc; // De-init CRC module when we complete a full crc calculation CRC_Deinit(g_crcBase[0]); }
固然CRC32-MPEG2算法也能夠經過軟件來實現,下面是查表法實現CRC32-MPEG2的參考:
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Definitions //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //! @brief State information for the CRC32 algorithm. typedef struct Crc32Data { uint32_t currentCrc; //!< Current CRC value. uint32_t byteCountCrc; //!< Number of bytes processed. } crc32_data_t; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Variables //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //! Table of CRC-32's of all single byte values. The values in //! this table are those used in the Ethernet CRC algorithm. static const uint32_t s_crc32Table[] = { 0x00000000, 0x04c11db7, 0x09823b6e, 0x0d4326d9, 0x130476dc, 0x17c56b6b, 0x1a864db2, 0x1e475005, 0x2608edb8, 0x22c9f00f, 0x2f8ad6d6, 0x2b4bcb61, 0x350c9b64, 0x31cd86d3, 0x3c8ea00a, 0x384fbdbd, 0x4c11db70, 0x48d0c6c7, 0x4593e01e, 0x4152fda9, 0x5f15adac, 0x5bd4b01b, 0x569796c2, 0x52568b75, 0x6a1936c8, 0x6ed82b7f, 0x639b0da6, 0x675a1011, 0x791d4014, 0x7ddc5da3, 0x709f7b7a, 0x745e66cd, 0x9823b6e0, 0x9ce2ab57, 0x91a18d8e, 0x95609039, 0x8b27c03c, 0x8fe6dd8b, 0x82a5fb52, 0x8664e6e5, 0xbe2b5b58, 0xbaea46ef, 0xb7a96036, 0xb3687d81, 0xad2f2d84, 0xa9ee3033, 0xa4ad16ea, 0xa06c0b5d, 0xd4326d90, 0xd0f37027, 0xddb056fe, 0xd9714b49, 0xc7361b4c, 0xc3f706fb, 0xceb42022, 0xca753d95, 0xf23a8028, 0xf6fb9d9f, 0xfbb8bb46, 0xff79a6f1, 0xe13ef6f4, 0xe5ffeb43, 0xe8bccd9a, 0xec7dd02d, 0x34867077, 0x30476dc0, 0x3d044b19, 0x39c556ae, 0x278206ab, 0x23431b1c, 0x2e003dc5, 0x2ac12072, 0x128e9dcf, 0x164f8078, 0x1b0ca6a1, 0x1fcdbb16, 0x018aeb13, 0x054bf6a4, 0x0808d07d, 0x0cc9cdca, 0x7897ab07, 0x7c56b6b0, 0x71159069, 0x75d48dde, 0x6b93dddb, 0x6f52c06c, 0x6211e6b5, 0x66d0fb02, 0x5e9f46bf, 0x5a5e5b08, 0x571d7dd1, 0x53dc6066, 0x4d9b3063, 0x495a2dd4, 0x44190b0d, 0x40d816ba, 0xaca5c697, 0xa864db20, 0xa527fdf9, 0xa1e6e04e, 0xbfa1b04b, 0xbb60adfc, 0xb6238b25, 0xb2e29692, 0x8aad2b2f, 0x8e6c3698, 0x832f1041, 0x87ee0df6, 0x99a95df3, 0x9d684044, 0x902b669d, 0x94ea7b2a, 0xe0b41de7, 0xe4750050, 0xe9362689, 0xedf73b3e, 0xf3b06b3b, 0xf771768c, 0xfa325055, 0xfef34de2, 0xc6bcf05f, 0xc27dede8, 0xcf3ecb31, 0xcbffd686, 0xd5b88683, 0xd1799b34, 0xdc3abded, 0xd8fba05a, 0x690ce0ee, 0x6dcdfd59, 0x608edb80, 0x644fc637, 0x7a089632, 0x7ec98b85, 0x738aad5c, 0x774bb0eb, 0x4f040d56, 0x4bc510e1, 0x46863638, 0x42472b8f, 0x5c007b8a, 0x58c1663d, 0x558240e4, 0x51435d53, 0x251d3b9e, 0x21dc2629, 0x2c9f00f0, 0x285e1d47, 0x36194d42, 0x32d850f5, 0x3f9b762c, 0x3b5a6b9b, 0x0315d626, 0x07d4cb91, 0x0a97ed48, 0x0e56f0ff, 0x1011a0fa, 0x14d0bd4d, 0x19939b94, 0x1d528623, 0xf12f560e, 0xf5ee4bb9, 0xf8ad6d60, 0xfc6c70d7, 0xe22b20d2, 0xe6ea3d65, 0xeba91bbc, 0xef68060b, 0xd727bbb6, 0xd3e6a601, 0xdea580d8, 0xda649d6f, 0xc423cd6a, 0xc0e2d0dd, 0xcda1f604, 0xc960ebb3, 0xbd3e8d7e, 0xb9ff90c9, 0xb4bcb610, 0xb07daba7, 0xae3afba2, 0xaafbe615, 0xa7b8c0cc, 0xa379dd7b, 0x9b3660c6, 0x9ff77d71, 0x92b45ba8, 0x9675461f, 0x8832161a, 0x8cf30bad, 0x81b02d74, 0x857130c3, 0x5d8a9099, 0x594b8d2e, 0x5408abf7, 0x50c9b640, 0x4e8ee645, 0x4a4ffbf2, 0x470cdd2b, 0x43cdc09c, 0x7b827d21, 0x7f436096, 0x7200464f, 0x76c15bf8, 0x68860bfd, 0x6c47164a, 0x61043093, 0x65c52d24, 0x119b4be9, 0x155a565e, 0x18197087, 0x1cd86d30, 0x029f3d35, 0x065e2082, 0x0b1d065b, 0x0fdc1bec, 0x3793a651, 0x3352bbe6, 0x3e119d3f, 0x3ad08088, 0x2497d08d, 0x2056cd3a, 0x2d15ebe3, 0x29d4f654, 0xc5a92679, 0xc1683bce, 0xcc2b1d17, 0xc8ea00a0, 0xd6ad50a5, 0xd26c4d12, 0xdf2f6bcb, 0xdbee767c, 0xe3a1cbc1, 0xe760d676, 0xea23f0af, 0xeee2ed18, 0xf0a5bd1d, 0xf464a0aa, 0xf9278673, 0xfde69bc4, 0x89b8fd09, 0x8d79e0be, 0x803ac667, 0x84fbdbd0, 0x9abc8bd5, 0x9e7d9662, 0x933eb0bb, 0x97ffad0c, 0xafb010b1, 0xab710d06, 0xa6322bdf, 0xa2f33668, 0xbcb4666d, 0xb8757bda, 0xb5365d03, 0xb1f740b4 }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Code //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // initialize the members of the allocated crc32_data_t struct void crc32_init(crc32_data_t *crc32Config) { // initialize running crc and byte count crc32Config->currentCrc = 0xFFFFFFFF; crc32Config->byteCountCrc = 0; } // "running" crc32 calculation void crc32_update(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, const uint8_t *src, uint32_t lengthInBytes) { uint32_t crc = crc32Config->currentCrc; crc32Config->byteCountCrc += lengthInBytes; while (lengthInBytes--) { uint8_t c = *src++ & 0xff; crc = (crc << 8) ^ s_crc32Table[(crc >> 24) ^ c]; } crc32Config->currentCrc = crc; } // finalize the crc32 calculation for non-word-aligned counts void crc32_finalize(crc32_data_t *crc32Config, uint32_t *hash) { uint32_t crc = crc32Config->currentCrc; uint32_t byteCount = crc32Config->byteCountCrc; // pad with zeroes if (byteCount % 4) { uint32_t i; for (i = byteCount % 4; i < 4; i++) { crc = (crc << 8) ^ s_crc32Table[(crc >> 24) ^ 0]; } } crc32Config->currentCrc = crc; *hash = crc32Config->currentCrc; }
至此,飛思卡爾Kinetis系列MCU的KBOOT之完整性檢測(Integrity Check)痞子衡便介紹完畢了,掌聲在哪裏~~~