Vue2 實現樹形菜單（多級菜單）功能模塊

時間 2019-11-18

標籤 vue2 vue 實現菜單多級功能模塊简体版

原文原文鏈接

結構示意圖

├── index.html
├── main.js
├── router
│ └── index.js # 路由配置文件
├── components # 組件目錄
│ ├── App.vue # 根組件
│ ├── Home.vue # 大的框架結構組件
│ ├── TreeView.vue
│ ├── TreeViewItem.vue
│ └── TreeDetail.vue
├── store
├── index.js # 咱們組裝模塊並導出 store 的地方
├── modules # 模塊目錄
└── menusModule.js # 菜單模塊

這個多級菜單實現的功能以下：html

一、可展現多級菜單，理論上能夠展無限級菜單
二、當前菜單高亮功能
三、刷新後依然會自動定位到上一次點擊的菜單，即便這個是子菜單，而且父菜單會自動展開
四、子菜單的顯示隱藏有收起、展開，同時帶有淡入效果

這個例子用到的知識點：路由、狀態管理、組件。vue

狀態管理安裝：react

npm install --save vuex

更多關於 vuex 的介紹能夠看官方文檔：https://vuex.vuejs.org/zh-cn/。程序員

咱們先來看看效果演示圖：web

程序員是用代碼來溝通的，因此費話很少說，直接上碼：vue-router

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Vue 實現樹形菜單（多級菜單）功能模塊- 雲庫網</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
</body>
</html>

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './components/App'
import router from './router'
import store from './store/index'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
store,
components: {
App
},
template: '<App/>'
})

在 main.js 中引入路由和狀態管理配置vuex

App.vue

<template>
<div id="app">
<Home></Home>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import Home from "./Home";
export default {
components: {
Home
},
name: "App"
};
</script>
<style>
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#app {
font-family: "Avenir", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
color: #2c3e50;
}
html,
body,
#app,
.home {
height: 100%;
}
html,
body {
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

Home.vue

<template>
<div class="home">
<div class="side-bar">
<Tree-view></Tree-view>
</div>
<div class="continer">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import TreeView from "./TreeView";
export default {
components: {
TreeView
},
name: "Home"
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.side-bar {
width: 300px;
height: 100%;
overflow-y: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
font-size: 14px;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
}
.continer {
padding-left: 320px;
}
</style>

這個 Home.vue 主要是用來完成頁面的大框架結構。typescript

TreeView.vue

<template>
<div class="tree-view-menu">
<Tree-view-item :menus='menus'></Tree-view-item>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import TreeViewItem from "./TreeViewItem";
const menusData = [];
export default {
components: {
TreeViewItem
},
name: "TreeViewMenu",
data() {
return {
menus: this.$store.state.menusModule.menus
};
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.tree-view-menu {
width: 300px;
height: 100%;
overflow-y: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar {
height: 6px;
width: 6px;
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-trac {
-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background-color: #6e6e6e;
outline: 1px solid #333;
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar {
height: 4px;
width: 4px;
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}
.tree-view-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
background-color: #6e6e6e;
outline: 1px solid #708090;
}
</style>

這個組件也很是地簡單，拿到菜單數據，傳給子組件，並把菜單的滾動條樣式修改了下。npm

TreeViewItem.vue

<template>
<div class="tree-view-item">
<div class="level" :class="'level-'+ menu.level" v-for="menu in menus" :key="menu.id">
<div v-if="menu.type === 'link'">
<router-link class="link" v-bind:to="menu.url" @click.native="toggle(menu)">{{menu.name}}</router-link>
</div>
<div v-if="menu.type === 'button'">
<div class="button heading" :class="{selected: menu.isSelected,expand:menu.isExpanded}" @click="toggle(menu)">
{{menu.name}}
<div class="icon">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
<path d="M8.59 16.34l4.58-4.59-4.58-4.59L10 5.75l6 6-6 6z "></path>
</svg>
</div>
</div>
<transition name="fade">
<div class="heading-children" v-show="menu.isExpanded" v-if="menu.subMenu">
<Tree-view-item :menus='menu.subMenu'></Tree-view-item>
</div>
</transition>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "TreeViewItem",
props: ["menus"],
created() {
this.$store.commit("firstInit", { url: this.$route.path });
},
methods: {
toggle(menu) {
this.$store.commit("findParents", { menu });
}
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: #333;
}
.link,
.button {
display: block;
padding: 10px 15px;
transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out 0s, color 0.3s ease-in-out 0.1s;
-moz-user-select: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
}
.button {
position: relative;
}
.link:hover,
.button:hover {
color: #1976d2;
background-color: #eee;
cursor: pointer;
}
.icon {
position: absolute;
right: 0;
display: inline-block;
height: 24px;
width: 24px;
fill: currentColor;
transition: -webkit-transform 0.15s;
transition: transform 0.15s;
transition: transform 0.15s, -webkit-transform 0.15s;
transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;
}
.heading-children {
padding-left: 14px;
overflow: hidden;
}
.expand {
display: block;
}
.collapsed {
display: none;
}
.expand .icon {
-webkit-transform: rotate(90deg);
transform: rotate(90deg);
}
.selected {
color: #1976d2;
}
.fade-enter-active {
transition: all 0.5s ease 0s;
}
.fade-enter {
opacity: 0;
}
.fade-enter-to {
opacity: 1;
}
.fade-leave-to {
height: 0;
}
</style>

上面的這個組件纔是這個樹型結構重點代碼，用了遞歸的思想來實現這個樹型菜單。bootstrap

TreeViewDetail.vue

<template>
<h3>
這裏是{{currentRoute}}導航詳情
</h3>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "TreeViewDetail",
data() {
return {
currentRoute: this.$route.path
};
},
watch: {
//監聽路由，只要路由有變化(路徑，參數等變化)都有執行下面的函數
$route: {
handler: function(val, oldVal) {
this.currentRoute = val.name;
},
deep: true
}
}
};
</script>
<style scoped>
h3 {
margin-top: 10px;
font-weight: normal;
}
</style>

router/index.js

import Vue from 'vue';
import Router from 'vue-router';
import App from '@/components/App';
import TreeViewDetail from '@/components/TreeViewDetail';
Vue.use(Router)
export default new Router({
linkActiveClass: 'selected',
routes: [{
path: '/',
name: 'App',
component: App
},
{
path: '/detail/quickstart',
name: 'quickstart',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/tutorial',
name: 'tutorial',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt1',
name: 'toh-pt1',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt2',
name: 'toh-pt2',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt3',
name: 'toh-pt3',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt4',
name: 'toh-pt4',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt5',
name: 'toh-pt5',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/toh-pt6',
name: 'toh-pt6',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/architecture',
name: 'architecture',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/displaying-data',
name: 'displaying-data',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/template-syntax',
name: 'template-syntax',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/lifecycle-hooks',
name: 'lifecycle-hooks',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/component-interaction',
name: 'component-interaction',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/component-styles',
name: 'component-styles',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/dynamic-component-loader',
name: 'dynamic-component-loader',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/attribute-directives',
name: 'attribute-directives',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/structural-directives',
name: 'structural-directives',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/pipes',
name: 'pipes',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/animations',
name: 'animations',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/user-input',
name: 'user-input',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/forms',
name: 'forms',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/form-validation',
name: 'form-validation',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/reactive-forms',
name: 'reactive-forms',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/dynamic-form',
name: 'dynamic-form',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/bootstrapping',
name: 'bootstrapping',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/ngmodule',
name: 'ngmodule',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/ngmodule-faq',
name: 'ngmodule-faq',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/dependency-injection',
name: 'dependency-injection',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/hierarchical-dependency-injection',
name: 'hierarchical-dependency-injection',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/dependency-injection-in-action',
name: 'dependency-injection-in-action',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/http',
name: 'http',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/router',
name: 'router',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/testing',
name: 'testing',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/cheatsheet',
name: 'cheatsheet',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/i18n',
name: 'i18n',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/language-service',
name: 'language-service',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/security',
name: 'security',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/setup',
name: 'setup',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/setup-systemjs-anatomy',
name: 'setup-systemjs-anatomy',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/browser-support',
name: 'browser-support',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/npm-packages',
name: 'npm-packages',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/typescript-configuration',
name: 'typescript-configuration',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/aot-compiler',
name: 'aot-compiler',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/metadata',
name: 'metadata',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/deployment',
name: 'deployment',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/upgrade',
name: 'upgrade',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/ajs-quick-reference',
name: 'ajs-quick-reference',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/visual-studio-2015',
name: 'visual-studio-2015',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/styleguide',
name: 'styleguide',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/glossary',
name: 'glossary',
component: TreeViewDetail
},
{
path: '/detail/api',
name: 'api',
component: TreeViewDetail
}
]
})

store/module/menusModule.js

let menus = [
{ id: 1, level: 1, name: '快速上手', type: "link", url: "/detail/quickstart" },
{
id: 2,
level: 1,
name: '教程',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 21, level: 2, name: '簡介', type: "link", url: "/detail/tutorial" },
{ id: 22, level: 2, name: '英雄編輯器', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt1" },
{ id: 23, level: 2, name: '主從結構', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt2" },
{ id: 24, level: 2, name: '多個組件', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt3" },
{ id: 25, level: 2, name: '服務', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt4" },
{ id: 26, level: 2, name: '路由', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt5" },
{ id: 27, level: 2, name: 'HTTP', type: "link", url: "/detail/toh-pt6" },
]
},
{
id: 3,
level: 1,
name: '核心知識',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 31, level: 2, name: '架構', type: "link", url: "/detail/architecture" },
{
id: 32,
level: 2,
name: '模板與數據綁定',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 321, level: 3, name: '顯示數據', type: "link", url: "/detail/displaying-data" },
{ id: 322, level: 3, name: '模板語法', type: "link", url: "/detail/template-syntax" },
{ id: 323, level: 3, name: '生命週期鉤子', type: "link", url: "/detail/lifecycle-hooks" },
{ id: 324, level: 3, name: '組件交互', type: "link", url: "/detail/component-interaction" },
{ id: 325, level: 3, name: '組件樣式', type: "link", url: "/detail/component-styles" },
{ id: 326, level: 3, name: '動態組件', type: "link", url: "/detail/dynamic-component-loader" },
{ id: 327, level: 3, name: '屬性型指令', type: "link", url: "/detail/attribute-directives" },
{ id: 328, level: 3, name: '結構型指令', type: "link", url: "/detail/structural-directives" },
{ id: 329, level: 3, name: '管道', type: "link", url: "/detail/pipes" },
{ id: 3210, level: 3, name: '動畫', type: "link", url: "/detail/animations" },
]
},
{
id: 33,
level: 2,
name: '表單',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ name: '用戶輸入', type: "link", url: "/detail/user-input" },
{ name: '模板驅動表單', type: "link", url: "/detail/forms" },
{ name: '表單驗證', type: "link", url: "/detail/form-validation" },
{ name: '響應式表單', type: "link", url: "/detail/reactive-forms" },
{ name: '動態表單', type: "link", url: "/detail/dynamic-form" }
]
},
{ id: 34, level: 2, name: '引用啓動', type: "link", url: "/detail/bootstrapping" },
{
id: 35,
level: 2,
name: 'NgModules',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 341, level: 3, name: 'NgModule', type: "link", url: "/detail/ngmodule" },
{ id: 342, level: 3, name: 'NgModule 常見問題', type: "link", url: "/detail/ngmodule-faq" }
]
},
{
id: 36,
level: 2,
name: '依賴注入',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 361, level: 3, name: '依賴注入', type: "link", url: "/detail/dependency-injection" },
{ id: 362, level: 3, name: '多級注入器', type: "link", url: "/detail/hierarchical-dependency-injection" },
{ id: 363, level: 3, name: 'DI 實例技巧', type: "link", url: "/detail/dependency-injection-in-action" }
]
},
{ id: 37, level: 2, name: 'HttpClient', type: "link", url: "/detail/http" },
{ id: 38, level: 2, name: '路由與導航', type: "link", url: "/detail/router" },
{ id: 39, level: 2, name: '測試', type: "link", url: "/detail/testing" },
{ id: 310, level: 2, name: '速查表', type: "link", url: "/detail/cheatsheet" },
]
},
{
id: 4,
level: 1,
name: '其它技術',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 41, level: 2, name: '國際化（i18n）', type: "link", url: "/detail/i18n" },
{ id: 42, level: 2, name: '語言服務', type: "link", url: "/detail/language-service" },
{ id: 43, level: 2, name: '安全', type: "link", url: "/detail/security" },
{
id: 44,
level: 2,
name: '環境設置與部署',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 441, level: 3, name: '搭建本地開發環境', type: "link", url: "/detail/setup" },
{ id: 442, level: 3, name: '搭建方式剖析', type: "link", url: "/detail/setup-systemjs-anatomy" },
{ id: 443, level: 3, name: '瀏覽器支持', type: "link", url: "/detail/browser-support" },
{ id: 444, level: 3, name: 'npm 包', type: "link", url: "/detail/npm-packages" },
{ id: 445, level: 3, name: 'TypeScript 配置', type: "link", url: "/detail/typescript-configuration" },
{ id: 446, level: 3, name: '預 (AoT) 編譯器', type: "link", url: "/detail/aot-compiler" },
{ id: 447, level: 3, name: '預 (AoT) 編譯器', type: "link", url: "/detail/metadata" },
{ id: 448, level: 3, name: '部署', type: "link", url: "/detail/deployment" }
]
},
{
id: 45,
level: 2,
name: '升級',
type: "button",
isExpanded: false,
isSelected: false,
subMenu: [
{ id: 451, level: 3, name: '從 AngularJS 升級', type: "link", url: "/detail/upgrade" },
{ id: 452, level: 3, name: '升級速查表', type: "link", url: "/detail/ajs-quick-reference" }
]
},
{ id: 46, level: 2, name: 'Visual Studio 2015 快速上手', type: "link", url: "/detail/visual-studio-2015" },
{ id: 47, level: 2, name: '風格指南', type: "link", url: "/detail/styleguide" },
{ id: 48, level: 2, name: '詞彙表', type: "link", url: "/detail/glossary" }
]
},
{ id: 5, level: 1, name: 'API 參考手冊', type: "link", url: "/detail/api" }
];
let levelNum = 1;
let startExpand = []; // 保存刷新後當前要展開的菜單項
function setExpand(source, url) {
let sourceItem = '';
for (let i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
sourceItem = JSON.stringify(source[i]); // 把菜單項轉爲字符串
if (sourceItem.indexOf(url) > -1) { // 查找當前 URL 所對應的子菜單屬於哪個祖先菜單
if (source[i].type === 'button') { // 導航菜單爲按鈕
source[i].isSelected = true; // 設置選中高亮
source[i].isExpanded = true; // 設置爲展開
startExpand.push(source[i]);
// 遞歸下一級菜單，以此類推
setExpand(source[i].subMenu, url);
}
break;
}
}
}
const state = {
menus,
levelNum
};
const mutations = {
findParents(state, payload) {
if (payload.menu.type === "button") {
payload.menu.isExpanded = !payload.menu.isExpanded;
} else if (payload.menu.type === "link") {
if (startExpand.length > 0) {
for (let i = 0; i < startExpand.length; i++) {
startExpand[i].isSelected = false;
}
}
startExpand = []; // 清空展開菜單記錄項
setExpand(state.menus, payload.menu.url);
};
},
firstInit(state, payload) {
setExpand(state.menus, payload.url);
}
}
export default {
state,
mutations
};

在使用狀態管理時，咱們必定要記住，一旦數據寫到了 state 中時，就不能再添加其它屬性了，什麼時間？就拿上面的 menus 數據來講，好比，原本菜單數據中沒有 isExpanded 這個字段的,而後你在 mutations 的方法中給 menus 對象添加了一個 isExpanded 屬性，但你會發現屬性是不會被狀態管理追蹤到的，因此咱們一開始就給這個數據添加了 isExpanded 和 isSelected 。

store/index.js