本文針對目前常見的面試題,僅提供了相應的核心原理及思路,部分邊界細節未處理。後續會持續更新,但願對你有所幫助。html
// 思路:將要改變this指向的方法掛到目標this上執行並返回
Function.prototype.mycall = function (context) {
if (typeof this !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('not funciton')
}
context = context || window
context.fn = this
let arg = [...arguments].slice(1)
let result = context.fn(...arg)
delete context.fn
return result
}
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// 思路:將要改變this指向的方法掛到目標this上執行並返回
Function.prototype.myapply = function (context) {
if (typeof this !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('not funciton')
}
context = context || window
context.fn = this
let result
if (arguments[1]) {
result = context.fn(...arguments[1])
} else {
result = context.fn()
}
delete context.fn
return result
}
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// 思路:相似call,但返回的是函數
Function.prototype.mybind = function (context) {
if (typeof this !== 'function') {
throw new TypeError('Error')
}
let _this = this
let arg = [...arguments].slice(1)
return function F() {
// 處理函數使用new的狀況
if (this instanceof F) {
return new _this(...arg, ...arguments)
} else {
return _this.apply(context, arg.concat(...arguments))
}
}
}
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// 思路:右邊變量的原型存在於左邊變量的原型鏈上
function instanceOf(left, right) {
let leftValue = left.__proto__
let rightValue = right.prototype
while (true) {
if (leftValue === null) {
return false
}
if (leftValue === rightValue) {
return true
}
leftValue = leftValue.__proto__
}
}
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// 思路:將傳入的對象做爲原型
function create(obj) {
function F() {}
F.prototype = obj
return new F()
}
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function myNew (fun) {
return function () {
// 建立一個新對象且將其隱式原型指向構造函數原型
let obj = {
__proto__ : fun.prototype
}
// 執行構造函數
fun.call(obj, ...arguments)
// 返回該對象
return obj
}
}
function person(name, age) {
this.name = name
this.age = age
}
let obj = myNew(person)('chen', 18) // {name: "chen", age: 18}
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// 未添加異步處理等其餘邊界狀況
// ①自動執行函數,②三個狀態,③then
class Promise {
constructor (fn) {
// 三個狀態
this.state = 'pending'
this.value = undefined
this.reason = undefined
let resolve = value => {
if (this.state === 'pending') {
this.state = 'fulfilled'
this.value = value
}
}
let reject = value => {
if (this.state === 'pending') {
this.state = 'rejected'
this.reason = value
}
}
// 自動執行函數
try {
fn(resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
reject(e)
}
}
// then
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
switch (this.state) {
case 'fulfilled':
onFulfilled()
break
case 'rejected':
onRejected()
break
default:
}
}
}
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// 1. ...實現
let copy1 = {...{x:1}}
// 2. Object.assign實現
let copy2 = Object.assign({}, {x:1})
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// 1. JOSN.stringify()/JSON.parse()
let obj = {a: 1, b: {x: 3}}
JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj))
// 2. 遞歸拷貝
function deepClone(obj) {
let copy = obj instanceof Array ? [] : {}
for (let i in obj) {
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
copy[i] = typeof obj[i] === 'object' ? deepClone(obj[i]) : obj[i]
}
}
return copy
}
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// 可避免setInterval因執行時間致使的間隔執行時間不一致
setTimeout (function () {
// do something
setTimeout (arguments.callee, 500)
}, 500)
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// 借用構造函數繼承實例屬性
function Child () {
Parent.call(this)
}
// 寄生繼承原型屬性
(function () {
let Super = function () {}
Super.prototype = Parent.prototype
Child.prototype = new Super()
})()
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// 組件通訊,一個觸發與監聽的過程
class EventEmitter {
constructor () {
// 存儲事件
this.events = this.events || new Map()
}
// 監聽事件
addListener (type, fn) {
if (!this.events.get(type)) {
this.events.set(type, fn)
}
}
// 觸發事件
emit (type) {
let handle = this.events.get(type)
handle.apply(this, [...arguments].slice(1))
}
}
// 測試
let emitter = new EventEmitter()
// 監聽事件
emitter.addListener('ages', age => {
console.log(age)
})
// 觸發事件
emitter.emit('ages', 18) // 18
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let obj = {}
let input = document.getElementById('input')
let span = document.getElementById('span')
// 數據劫持
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'text', {
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
get() {
console.log('獲取數據了')
},
set(newVal) {
console.log('數據更新了')
input.value = newVal
span.innerHTML = newVal
}
})
// 輸入監聽
input.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
obj.text = e.target.value
})
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完整實現可前往以前寫的:這應該是最詳細的響應式系統講解了面試
// hash路由
class Route{
constructor(){
// 路由存儲對象
this.routes = {}
// 當前hash
this.currentHash = ''
// 綁定this,避免監聽時this指向改變
this.freshRoute = this.freshRoute.bind(this)
// 監聽
window.addEventListener('load', this.freshRoute, false)
window.addEventListener('hashchange', this.freshRoute, false)
}
// 存儲
storeRoute (path, cb) {
this.routes[path] = cb || function () {}
}
// 更新
freshRoute () {
this.currentHash = location.hash.slice(1) || '/'
this.routes[this.currentHash]()
}
}
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<ul>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/1.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/2.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/3.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/4.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/5.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/6.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/7.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/8.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/9.png" alt=""></li>
<li><img src="./imgs/default.png" data="./imgs/10.png" alt=""></li>
</ul>
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let imgs = document.querySelectorAll('img')
// 可視區高度
let clientHeight = window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight
function lazyLoad () {
// 滾動捲去的高度
let scrollTop = window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop
for (let i = 0; i < imgs.length; i ++) {
// 圖片在可視區冒出的高度
let x = clientHeight + scrollTop - imgs[i].offsetTop
// 圖片在可視區內
if (x > 0 && x < clientHeight+imgs[i].height) {
imgs[i].src = imgs[i].getAttribute('data')
}
}
}
// addEventListener('scroll', lazyLoad) or setInterval(lazyLoad, 1000)
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// 原始配置
function setRem () {
let doc = document.documentElement
let width = doc.getBoundingClientRect().width
let rem = width / 75
doc.style.fontSize = rem + 'px'
}
// 監聽窗口變化
addEventListener("resize", setRem)
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// 1. 簡單流程
// 實例化
let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
// 初始化
xhr.open(method, url, async)
// 發送請求
xhr.send(data)
// 設置狀態變化回調處理請求結果
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyStatus === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {
console.log(xhr.responseText)
}
}
// 2. 基於promise實現
function ajax (options) {
// 請求地址
const url = options.url
// 請求方法
const method = options.method.toLocaleLowerCase() || 'get'
// 默認爲異步true
const async = options.async
// 請求參數
const data = options.data
// 實例化
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
// 請求超時
if (options.timeout && options.timeout > 0) {
xhr.timeout = options.timeout
}
// 返回一個Promise實例
return new Promise ((resolve, reject) => {
xhr.ontimeout = () => reject && reject('請求超時')
// 監聽狀態變化回調
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
// 200-300 之間表示請求成功,304資源未變,取緩存
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300 || xhr.status == 304) {
resolve && resolve(xhr.responseText)
} else {
reject && reject()
}
}
}
// 錯誤回調
xhr.onerror = err => reject && reject(err)
let paramArr = []
let encodeData
// 處理請求參數
if (data instanceof Object) {
for (let key in data) {
// 參數拼接須要經過 encodeURIComponent 進行編碼
paramArr.push(encodeURIComponent(key) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(data[key]))
}
encodeData = paramArr.join('&')
}
// get請求拼接參數
if (method === 'get') {
// 檢測url中是否已存在 ? 及其位置
const index = url.indexOf('?')
if (index === -1) url += '?'
else if (index !== url.length -1) url += '&'
// 拼接url
url += encodeData
}
// 初始化
xhr.open(method, url, async)
// 發送請求
if (method === 'get') xhr.send(null)
else {
// post 方式須要設置請求頭
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8')
xhr.send(encodeData)
}
})
}
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window.onload = function () {
// drag處於絕對定位狀態
let drag = document.getElementById('box')
drag.onmousedown = function(e) {
var e = e || window.event
// 鼠標與拖拽元素邊界的距離 = 鼠標與可視區邊界的距離 - 拖拽元素與邊界的距離
let diffX = e.clientX - drag.offsetLeft
let diffY = e.clientY - drag.offsetTop
drag.onmousemove = function (e) {
// 拖拽元素移動的距離 = 鼠標與可視區邊界的距離 - 鼠標與拖拽元素邊界的距離
let left = e.clientX - diffX
let top = e.clientY - diffY
// 避免拖拽出可視區
if (left < 0) {
left = 0
} else if (left > window.innerWidth - drag.offsetWidth) {
left = window.innerWidth - drag.offsetWidth
}
if (top < 0) {
top = 0
} else if (top > window.innerHeight - drag.offsetHeight) {
top = window.innerHeight - drag.offsetHeight
}
drag.style.left = left + 'px'
drag.style.top = top + 'px'
}
drag.onmouseup = function (e) {
this.onmousemove = null
this.onmouseup = null
}
}
}
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// 思路:在規定時間內只觸發一次
function throttle (fn, delay) {
// 利用閉包保存時間
let prev = Date.now()
return function () {
let context = this
let arg = arguments
let now = Date.now()
if (now - prev >= delay) {
fn.apply(context, arg)
prev = Date.now()
}
}
}
function fn () {
console.log('節流')
}
addEventListener('scroll', throttle(fn, 1000))
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// 思路:在規定時間內未觸發第二次,則執行
function debounce (fn, delay) {
// 利用閉包保存定時器
let timer = null
return function () {
let context = this
let arg = arguments
// 在規定時間內再次觸發會先清除定時器後再重設定時器
clearTimeout(timer)
timer = setTimeout(function () {
fn.apply(context, arg)
}, delay)
}
}
function fn () {
console.log('防抖')
}
addEventListener('scroll', debounce(fn, 1000))
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後續會持續更新,歡迎關注點個贊!ajax