表1 foreign key 表2
則表1的多條記錄對應表2的一條記錄,即多對一
利用foreign key的原理咱們能夠製做兩張表的多對多,一對一關係
多對多:
表1的多條記錄能夠對應表2的一條記錄
表2的多條記錄也能夠對應表1的一條記錄
一對一:
表1的一條記錄惟一對應表2的一條記錄,反之亦然
分析時,咱們先從按照上面的基本原理去套,而後再翻譯成真實的意義,就很好理解了
一、先確立關係python
二、找到多的一方,吧關聯字段寫在多的一方linux
1、多對一或者一對多(左邊表的多條記錄對應右邊表的惟一一條記錄)
須要注意的:1.先建被關聯的表,保證被關聯表的字段必須惟一。post
2.在建立關聯表,關聯字段必定保證是要有重複的。spa
其實上一篇博客已經舉了一個多對一關係的小例子了,那咱們在用另外一個小例子來回顧一下。操作系統
這是一個書和出版社的一個例子,書要關聯出版社(多個書能夠是一個出版社,一個出版社也能夠有好多書)。翻譯
誰關聯誰就是誰要按照誰的標準。設計
書要關聯出版社 被關聯的表 create table press( id int primary key auto_increment, name char(20) ); 關聯的表 create table book( book_id int primary key auto_increment, book_name varchar(20), book_price int, press_id int, constraint Fk_pressid_id foreign key(press_id) references press(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); 插記錄 insert into press(name) values('新華出版社'), ('海燕出版社'), ('擺渡出版社'), ('大衆出版社'); insert into book(book_name,book_price,press_id) values('Python爬蟲',100,1), ('Linux',80,1), ('操做系統',70,2), ('數學',50,2), ('英語',103,3), ('網頁設計',22,3);
運行結果截圖:code
2、一對一blog
例子一:用戶和管理員(只有管理員才能夠登陸,一個管理員對應一個用戶)ip
管理員關聯用戶
===========例子一:用戶表和管理員表========= 先建被關聯的表 create table user( id int primary key auto_increment, #主鍵自增 name char(10) ); 在建關聯表 create table admin( id int primary key auto_increment, user_id int unique, password varchar(16), foreign key(user_id) references user(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); insert into user(name) values('susan1'), ('susan2'), ('susan3'), ('susan4'), ('susan5'), ('susan6'); insert into admin(user_id,password) values(4,'sds156'), (2,'531561'), (6,'f3swe');
運行結果截圖:
例子二:學生表和客戶表
========例子二:學生表和客戶表========= create table customer( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10), qq int unique, phone int unique ); create table student1( sid int primary key auto_increment, course char(20), class_time time, cid int unique, foreign key(cid) references customer(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); insert into customer(name,qq,phone) values('小小',13564521,11111111), ('嘻哈',14758254,22222222), ('王維',44545522,33333333), ('胡軍',545875212,4444444), ('李希',145578543,5555555), ('李迪',754254653,8888888), ('艾哈',74545145,8712547), ('嘖嘖',11147752,7777777); insert into student1(course,class_time,cid) values('python','08:30:00',3), ('python','08:30:00',4), ('linux','08:30:00',1), ('linux','08:30:00',7);
運行結果截圖:
3、多對多(多條記錄對應多條記錄)
書和做者(咱們能夠再建立一張表,用來存book和author兩張表的關係)
要把book_id和author_id設置成聯合惟一
聯合惟一:unique(book_id,author_id)
聯合主鍵:alter table t1 add primary key(id,avg)
多對多:一個做者能夠寫多本書,一本書也能夠有多個做者,雙向的一對多,即多對多 關聯方式:foreign key+一張新的表
========書和做者,另外在建一張表來存書和做者的關係 #被關聯的 create table book1( id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(10), price float(3,2) ); #========被關聯的 create table author( id int primary key auto_increment, name char(5) ); #========關聯的 create table author2book( id int primary key auto_increment, book_id int not null, author_id int not null, unique(book_id,author_id), foreign key(book_id) references book1(id) on delete cascade on update cascade, foreign key(author_id) references author(id) on delete cascade on update cascade ); #========插入記錄 insert into book1(name,price) values('九陽神功',9.9), ('葵花寶典',9.5), ('辟邪劍譜',5), ('降龍十巴掌',7.3); insert into author(name) values('egon'),('e1'),('e2'),('e3'),('e4'); insert into author2book(book_id,author_id) values(1,1), (1,4), (2,1), (2,5), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (4,5);
多對多關係舉例
用戶表,用戶組,主機表
-- 用戶組 create table user ( id int primary key auto_increment, username varchar(20) not null, password varchar(50) not null ); insert into user(username,password) values('egon','123'), ('root',147), ('alex',123), ('haiyan',123), ('yan',123); -- 用戶組表 create table usergroup( id int primary key auto_increment, groupname varchar(20) not null unique ); insert into usergroup(groupname) values('IT'), ('Sale'), ('Finance'), ('boss'); -- 創建user和usergroup的關係表
create table user2usergroup(
id int not NULL UNIQUE auto_increment,
user_id int not null,
group_id int not NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(user_id,group_id),
foreign key(user_id) references user(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE ,
foreign key(group_id) references usergroup(id)
ON DELETE CASCADE
on UPDATE CASCADE
);
insert into user2usergroup(user_id,group_id) values(1,1),
(1,2),
(1,3),
(1,4),
(2,3),
(2,4),
(3,4);
-- 主機表 CREATE TABLE host( id int primary key auto_increment, ip CHAR(15) not NULL UNIQUE DEFAULT '127.0.0.1' ); insert into host(ip) values('172.16.45.2'), ('172.16.31.10'), ('172.16.45.3'), ('172.16.31.11'), ('172.10.45.3'), ('172.10.45.4'), ('172.10.45.5'), ('192.168.1.20'), ('192.168.1.21'), ('192.168.1.22'), ('192.168.2.23'), ('192.168.2.223'), ('192.168.2.24'), ('192.168.3.22'), ('192.168.3.23'), ('192.168.3.24'); -- 業務線表 create table business( id int primary key auto_increment, business varchar(20) not null unique ); insert into business(business) values ('輕鬆貸'), ('隨便花'), ('大富翁'), ('窮一輩子'); -- 創建host和business關係表 CREATE TABLE host2business( id int not null unique auto_increment, host_id int not null , business_id int not NULL , PRIMARY KEY(host_id,business_id), foreign key(host_id) references host(id), FOREIGN KEY(business_id) REFERENCES business(id) ); insert into host2business(host_id,business_id) values (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,2), (2,3), (3,4);
-- 創建user和host的關係 create table user2host( id int not null unique auto_increment, user_id int not null, host_id int not null, primary key(user_id,host_id), foreign key(user_id) references user(id), foreign key(host_id) references host(id) ); insert into user2host(user_id,host_id) values(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (1,9), (1,10), (1,11), (1,12), (1,13), (1,14), (1,15), (1,16), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (3,10), (3,11), (3,12);
練習