構建企業級LAMMP環境

時間 2020-02-08

標籤構建企業 lammp 環境简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、LAMMP簡介php

2、LAMMP項目環境簡介
html

3、Apache的安裝與配置mysql

4、FastCGI的安裝與配置linux

5、整合Apache與PHP服務git

6、安裝Mysql服務器github

7、安裝Memcache與libeventweb

8、安裝Memcache 基於Web管理平臺sql

1、LAMMP簡介數據庫

LAMP（Linux- Apache-MySQL-PHP）網站架構是目前國際流行的Web框架，該框架包括：Linux操做系統，Apache網絡服務器，MySQL數據庫，Perl、PHP或者Python編程語言，全部組成產品均是開源軟件，是國際上成熟的架構框架，不少流行的商業應用都是採起這個架構，和 Java/J2EE架構相比，LAMP具備Web資源豐富、輕量、快速開發等特色，微軟的.NET架構相比，LAMP具備通用、跨平臺、高性能、低價格的優點，所以LAMP不管是性能、質量仍是價格都是企業搭建網站的首選平臺。在此基礎上咱們增長了Memcache緩衝服務器，解決了應用程序與數據庫之間的瓶頸問題，有效提升了訪問速度，這就是LAMMP架構。apache

2、LAMMP項目環境簡介

系統環境:Centos6.4x86-64

Apache IP: 172.16.10.1

PHP IP：172.16.10.2

Mysql IP：172.16.10.3

Memcache IP: 172.16.10.4

此LAMMP架構是分別搭建在不一樣的服務器上面，在生產環境中，更是應該如此，一臺服務器提供多種應用，服務器會很消耗資源，提供服務的性能也會下降。

此架構中各服務器的工做

Apache在此架構中，響應回覆用戶html的請求

FastCGI是把php程序執行的結果響應給Apache

Memcached是根據用戶請求的動態網頁文件中是否須要Memcached服務器緩存數據,Memcache是把數據存儲在內存中的，速度可想而知了。

Mysql是響應用戶是否需寫入查詢數據

用戶的請求資源到獲取資源的過程

一、當用戶只須要請求web服務器的html頁面時，Apache直接響應請求，所通過的過程爲1--->10

二、當用戶需請求一個web服務器的動態的頁面時，Apache把用戶請求的php執行程序發送給FastCGI服務器執行，FastCGI把執行的結果返回給Apache服務器，服務器把程序生成的的靜態頁面響應給客戶端。所通過的過程1--->2--->3--->8--->9--->10

三、當用戶須要請求的web服務器資源中須要數據時，Apache把用戶請求的php執行程序給FastCGI執行，執行過程當中須要對數據進行操做時且Memcached中沒有緩存時，FastCGI去請求Mysql服務器的資源，mysql服務器把數據響應給FastCGI，若是此數據須要緩存則FastCGI把數據緩存到Memcached服務器上，而後把數據響應給Apache，Apache生成靜態的頁面響應給客戶端。所通過的過程1--->2--->3--->6--->7[--->4]--->8--->9--->10(若是須要緩存則會通過4過程)

四、當用戶須要請求的web服務器資源中須要數據時，Apache把用戶請求的php執行程序給 FastCGI執行，執行過程當中須要對數據進行操做時Memcached中有緩存時，Memcached直接把數據響應給FastCGI，而後把數據響應給Apache，Apache生成靜態的頁面響應給客戶端。所通過的過程1--->2--->3--->4--->5--->8--->9--->10

爲了解決軟件包下載的問題，特提供軟件包的下載地址：

apr版本：apr-1.4.8
下載地址：http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.4.8.tar.bz2
apr-util版本：apr-util-1.5.2
下載地址：http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
Httpd版本：httpd-2.4.6
下載地址：http://mirror.esocc.com/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2
Memcached版本：memcached-1.4.15
下載地址：http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
Mysql版本：mysql-5.5.33
下載地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
PHP版本：php-5.4.19
下載地址：http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.4.19.tar.bz2
PHP的Memcache驅動：memcache-2.2.7
下載地址：http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgz
Libevent版本：libevent-2.0.21-stable
下載地址：http://cloud.github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz

系統的yum源爲搜狐源，

3、Apache的安裝與配置

準備系統環境：

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.6]# yum install pcre-devel   openssl-devel -y

安裝apr

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make && make install

安裝apr-util

[root@localhost ~]#  tar xf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/httpd/apr/
[root@localhost apr-util-1.5.2]# make && make install

安裝Apache

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.6
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/httpd/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/httpd/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.6]# make && make install

提供SysV服務腳本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd，內容以下

#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \
#        HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/httpd/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/httpd/apache/logs/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
        return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
  echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
  killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
  RETVAL=$?
  echo
  [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
        RETVAL=$?
        echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
        failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
    else
        killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
    fi
    echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
  start)
  start
  ;;
  stop)
  stop
  ;;
  status)
        status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
  RETVAL=$?
  ;;
  restart)
  stop
  start
  ;;
  condrestart)
  if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
    stop
    start
  fi
  ;;
  reload)
        reload
  ;;
  graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
  $apachectl $@
  RETVAL=$?
  ;;
  *)
  echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
  exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL

爲此腳本賦予執行權限

[root@localhost init.d]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

將httpd加入服務列表

[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig --add httpd

啓動httpd服務

[root@localhost init.d]# service httpd  start

客戶端訪問測試

4、FastCGI的安裝與配置

系統環境安裝

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# yum install libxml2-devel   openssl-devel  bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel   -y

安裝php服務

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-5.4.19.tar.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# cd php-5.4.19
[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd/php --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml  --enable-sockets --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt  --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2
[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# make && make install

爲php提供配置文件

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

爲php-fpm提供Sysv init腳本，並將其添加至服務列表

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# chkconfig php-fpm on

爲php-fpm提供配置文件：

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# cp /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default  /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

編輯php-fpm配置文件

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# vim /usr/local/httpd/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
listen = 172.16.10.2:9000                     #設置本機IP監聽9000端口
pm.max_children = 50                          # 設置生成子進程數（設置併發量）                                           
pm.start_servers = 5                          #設置開機啓動進程數
pm.min_spare_servers = 2                      #設置最小空閒進程數
pm.max_spare_servers = 5                      #設置最大空閒進程數
pid = /usr/local/httpd/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid     #指定pid文件
error_log = log/php-fpm.log                        #開啓日誌功能

註釋：

第2-6行：更具我的服務器系統性能進行調試

啓動php-fpm服務

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# service php-fpm start

查看服務是否已經啓動

5、整合Apache與PHP服務

配置Apache服務器

[root@localhost init.d]# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf  #支持虛擬主機
AddType application/x-httpd-php  .php       #添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source  .phps   #添加此行
DirectoryIndex  index.php  index.html           # 增長index.php

設置虛擬主機

[root@localhost init.d]# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot "/web/htdoc"
    ServerName www.xiaodong.com
    ServerAlias xiaodong.com
  ProxyRequests Off
  ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://172.16.10.2:9000/web/htdoc/$1
    <Directory "/web/htdoc">
        Options none
        AllowOverride none
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

從新啓動httpd服務

[root@localhost htdoc]# service httpd restart

建立站點目錄（注意在apache服務器和FastcGI服務器都須要建立）

[root@localhost php-5.4.19]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc
mkdir: created directory `/web'
mkdir: created directory `/web/htdoc'

在FastcGI服務器上建立php測試腳本

[root@localhost htdoc]# pwd
/web/htdoc
[root@localhost htdoc]# cat > index.php << EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[root@localhost htdoc]#

客戶端測試php是否工做正常

6、安裝Mysql服務器

Mysq有三種安裝方式

rpm包
通用二進制包
源碼包

此處咱們採用通用二進制包安裝

建立Mysql數據的存放路徑

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /mydata/data/
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#

建立Mysql用戶並修改權限

[root@localhost ~]#groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /mydata/data mysql
[root@localhost ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/data

安裝並初始化mysql

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# mv mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64 /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.5.33-linux2.6-x86_64/ mysql
[root@localhost local]#cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql  .
[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
[root@localhost mysql]#  chown -R root  .
[root@localhost mysql]#

爲mysql提供主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# cd mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

修改主配置文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
thread_concurrency = 8       #設置爲cpu個數的2倍
datadir = /mydata/data       #指定數據庫文件存放路徑

爲mysql提供sysv服務腳本並添加到服務列表

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

輸出mysql的man手冊至man命令的查找路徑

[root@localhost mysql]# echo 'MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man' >> /etc/man.config

輸出mysql的頭文件至系統頭文件路徑/usr/include

[root@localhost mysql]#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

修改完成以後從新載入系統庫

[root@localhost mysql]#ldconfig

修改PATH環境變量，讓系統能夠直接使用mysql的相關命令。

[root@localhost mysql]#echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mydql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

啓動mysqld服務

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start

數據庫受權

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>

apache和FastcGI配置phpMyadmin

[root@localhost ]# unzip phpMyAdmin-4.0.5-all-languages.zip
[root@localhost ]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.5-all-languages /web/htdoc/php
[root@localhost ]#cd /web/htdoc/php
[root@localhost php]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
[root@localhost php]# vim config.inc.php
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = '172.16.10.3';  #指定mysql的IP

客戶端鏈接測試

7、安裝Memcache與libevent

安裝libevent

memcached依賴於libevent API，所以要事先安裝。

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd libevent-2.0.21-stable
[root@localhost libevent-2.0.21-stable]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
[root@localhost libevent-2.0.21-stable]# make && make install

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/libevent/include/ /usr/include/libevent
`/usr/include/libevent' -> `/usr/local/libevent/include/'
[root@localhost ~]# echo "/usr/local/libevent/lib/" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconf

安裝memcache

[root@localhost ~]# tar memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
tar: Old option `g' requires an argument.
Try `tar --help' or `tar --usage' for more information.
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf memcached-1.4.15.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd memcached-1.4.15
[root@localhost memcached-1.4.15]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent
[root@localhost memcached-1.4.15]# make && make install

爲memcached 提供SysV風格的startup腳本代碼以下所示

[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/init.d/memcached
#!/bin/bash
#
# Init file for memcached
#
# chkconfig: - 86 14
# description: Distributed memory caching daemon
#
# processname: memcached
# config: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
## Default variables
PORT="11211"
USER="nobody"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS=""
RETVAL=0
prog="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached"
desc="Distributed memory caching"
lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/memcached"
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $desc (memcached): "
        daemon $prog -d -p $PORT -u $USER -c $MAXCONN -m $CACHESIZE
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && touch $lockfile || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
        echo -n $"Shutting down $desc (memcached): "
        killproc $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success && rm -f $lockfile || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
restart() {
        stop
        start
}
reload() {
        echo -n $"Reloading $desc ($prog): "
        killproc $prog -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && success || failure
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  condrestart)
        [ -e $lockfile ] && restart
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  status)
        status $prog
        RETVAL=$?
        ;;
   *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached
[root@localhost bin]# service memcached start
Starting Distributed memory caching (memcached):           [  OK  ]
[root@localhost bin]#

查看memcached監聽端口

安裝Memcache的PHP擴展（php的驅動）

[root@localhost ~]# tar xf memcache-2.2.7.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# cd memcache-2.2.7
[root@localhost memcache-2.2.7]# /usr/local/httpd/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20100412
Zend Module Api No:      20100525
Zend Extension Api No:   220100525
[root@localhost memcache-2.2.7]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/httpd/php/bin/php-config  --enable-memcache
[root@localhost memcache-2.2.7]# make  && make install
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/httpd/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/ #安裝以後生成模塊的路徑
[root@localhost memcache-2.2.7]#

修改php配置文件加載memcached模塊

[root@localhost memcache-2.2.7]# vim /etc/php.ini
;extension=php_pspell.dll
;extension=php_shmop.dll
extension=/usr/local/httpd/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20100525/memcache.so  #添加此行，添加模塊

從新啓動此服務php-fpm

[root@localhost htdoc]# service php-fpm restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done
[root@localhost htdoc]#

此時在客戶端測試php與memcache是否鏈接成功

測試memcached與php是否工做正常

[root@localhost htdoc]# pwd
/web/htdoc
[root@localhost htdoc]# cat test.php
<?php
$mem = new Memcache;
$mem->connect("172.16.10.4", 11211)  or die("Could not connect");
$version = $mem->getVersion();
echo "Server's version: ".$version."<br/>\n";
$mem->set('hellokey', 'Hello World', 0, 600) or die("Failed to save data at the memcached server");
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 600 seconds)<br/>\n";
$get_result = $mem->get('hellokey');
echo "$get_result is from memcached server.";
?>

客戶端再次訪問測試

8、安裝Memcache 基於Web管理平臺

建立memcache站點目錄（注意在apache服務器和FastcGI服務器都須要建立）

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdoc/mem
[root@localhost ~]# unzip memadmin-master.zip
[root@localhost ~]# cd memadmin-master
[root@localhost memadmin-master]# ls
apps        p_w_picpaths   index.php  LICENSE.txt  views
config.php  include  langs      README.txt
[root@localhost memadmin-master]# mv * /web/htdoc/mem