Mysql主從方案的實現

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 mysql 主從方案實現欄目 MySQL 简体版

原文原文鏈接

Mysql主從方案介紹php

mysql主從方案主要做用：css

讀寫分離，使數據庫能支撐更大的併發。在報表中尤爲重要。因爲部分報表sql語句很是的慢，致使鎖表，影響前臺服務。若是前臺使用master，報表使用slave，那麼報表sql將不會形成前臺鎖，保證了前臺速度。mysql

發揚不一樣表引擎的優勢。目前Myisam表的查詢速度比innodb略快，而寫入併發innodb比myIsam要好。那麼，咱們可使用innodb做爲master，處理高併發寫入，使用master做爲slave，接受查詢。或在myisam slave中創建全文索引，解決innodb無全文索引的弱點。sql

熱備，slave和master的數據「準實時」同步。數據庫

準備工做。先分別安裝兩臺MYSQL。服務器

系統環境：併發

OS：RHEL5.4socket

主：192.168.10.197ide

從：192.168.10.198高併發

一、mysql 的安裝這裏就不介紹了，詳見安裝文檔。

二、my.cnf配置

a、配置MASTER

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[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysqldata
log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
log-bin=mysql-bin197
long_query_time=2
skip-locking
skip-name-resolve
skip-innodb
bind-address=192.168.10.197
max_allowed_packet = 256M
query_cache_size=256M
max_connections=2000
max_connect_errors=10000
key_buffer_size=6000M
read_buffer_size=32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
tmp_table_size=512M
old-passwords
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=120
table_cache=8192
thread_cache_size=256
sort_buffer_size=64M
back_log = 500
thread_concurrency=32
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin240
binlog-do-db=phpcmsv9
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
expire_logs_days=10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

註釋：紅色是修改的部分。

其中，做爲主機，server-id必須爲1.

binlog_do_db爲須要複製的db。 binlog_ignore_db爲忽略複製的db。須要增長DB的話，就增長相應的一行。

重啓master數據庫，運行檢查：

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mysql> show master status; #檢查是否以master形式啓動了。
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin240.000001 | 2342775 | phpcmsv9 | mysql |
+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like "%log%";

#須要看到這樣的一行，說明binlog已經開啓了: log_bin | ON

在master上爲slave創建用戶

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mysql> grant replication slave, reload, super on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.10.198' identified by '123';

這樣，主機配置完畢。
b、slave配置

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[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/home/mysqldata
log-slow-queries=slow_query.txt
log-bin=mysql-bin198
long_query_time=2
skip-locking
bind-address=192.168.10.198
skip-name-resolve
skip-innodb
max_allowed_packet = 256M
query_cache_size=256M
max_connections=2000
max_connect_errors=10000
key_buffer_size=6000M
read_buffer_size=32M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=256M
tmp_table_size=512M
old-passwords
interactive_timeout=60
wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=120
table_cache=8192
thread_cache_size=256
sort_buffer_size=64M
back_log = 500
thread_concurrency=8
server-id=2
master-host=192.168.10.197
master-user=backup
master-password=123
master-port=3306
replicate-do-db=phpcmsv9
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
master-connect-retry=60
expire_logs_days=10
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

註釋：紅色部分爲修改的地方

1.啓動主服務器和從服務器服務，在從服務器192.168.17.2上使用命令slave start啓動複製;

2.隨便使用命令show slave status;

若是出現主從複製報錯了

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mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Connecting to master
Master_Host: 192.168.10.197
Master_User: backup
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin240.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: phpcmsv9
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2342431
Relay_Log_Space: 106
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 1130
Last_IO_Error: error connecting to master 'backup@192.168.10.197:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 86400
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified

這是因爲MASTER沒有賦予權限的關係

3在從服務器192.168.17.2運行slave stop;中止複製命令

4輸入

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mysql>CHANGE MASTER to MASTER_HOST='192.168.15.197', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='backup', MASTER_PASSWORD='123', MASTER_LOG_FILE=’mysql-bin240.000001'；, MASTER_LOG_POS=2342775;

5而後從新啓動slave start 命令後

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