mysql小白系列_05 平常操做
mysql啓動/關閉
- my.cnf的調用順序
[root@docker02 bin]# ./mysql --help Default options are read from the following files in the given order: /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
- 推薦啓動
./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
- 其餘啓動/關閉
#SUSE啓動 service mysql start/stop/status mysql start/stop/status /etc/init.d/mysql start/stop/status #centos/redhat service mysqld start mysqld.server start/stop/status /etc/init.d/mysqld start/stop/status
實際啓動過程： mysql.server -> mysqld_safe -> mysqldhtml
- 指定參數文件啓動
mysqld --defaults-file=/data/my3307/my.cnf --user=mysql &
- 多實例啓動/關閉/狀態
#啓動 mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf start 1,2 & #關閉 mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf stop 1,2 #查看狀態 mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf report
centos7 systemctl status mysqld (service mysqld status)
/etc/systemd/system/mysql.service 軟鏈接到/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
mysqld.service也是調用mysqld_safe(ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr)mysql
- 經過socket關閉
./mysqladmin -S /data/my3307/run/mysql.sock shutdown
mysql登陸
- 默認mysql
mysql若是不加root，以當前OS用戶做爲登陸用戶鏈接本地3306端口實例sql
- 本地指定用戶密碼登陸
mysql -u$username -p$password
- 遠程標準端口3306登陸
mysql -u$username -p$password -h$ip
- 遠程非標準端口3306登陸
mysql -u$username -p$password -h$ip -P$port
- 使用socket登陸
mysql -uroot -S /data/my3307/run/mysql.sock
帳戶權限設置
建立用戶
- create僅建立用戶不受權
create user 'yzw' identified by 'yzw';
- grant建立用戶並受權ALL
grant all privileges on *.* to 'yzw1'@'%' identified by 'yzw1' with grant option;
- insert into user
#mysql> insert into mysql.user (host,user,password) values ('127.0.0.1','yzw2',password('yzw2'));
#ERROR 1364 (HY000): Field 'ssl_cipher' doesn't have a default value
#緣由： sql_mode | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
insert into mysql.user (host,user,password,ssl_cipher,x509_issuer,x509_subject) values ('127.0.0.1','yzw2',password('yzw2'),'','','');
受權
- 增刪改查表
grant select,insert,update,delete on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 操做外鍵表
grant references on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 操做臨時表
grant create temporary tables on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 操做索引
grant index on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 操做視圖
grant create,show view on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 建立、查看存儲過程
grant create routine on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 更改、刪除存儲過程
grant alter routine on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 執行存儲過程
grant execute on db1.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 查詢全部庫全部表
grant select on *.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 全受權
grant all privileges on *.* to 'yzw'@'%';
- 單表受權
grant select,insert,update,delete on db1.t3 to 'yzw'@'%';
- 表的列上受權
grant select(id,name1) on db1.t3 to 'yzw'@'%';
- 存儲過程函數受權
grant execute on procedure db1.proce_t3 to 'yzw'@'%'; grant execute on function db1.func_t3 to 'yzw'@'%';
查看權限
- 查看本身的權限
show grants;
- 查看其它用戶的權限
show grants for 'yzw1'@'%';
撤銷受權
revoke ... from ...docker
mysql> show grants for 'yzw1'@'%'; +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for yzw1@% | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yzw1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6D3C985F10B257A0C63744181EC491CB468CE8A8' WITH GRANT OPTION | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> revoke all on *.* from 'yzw1'@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show grants for 'yzw1'@'%'; +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for yzw1@% | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'yzw1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6D3C985F10B257A0C63744181EC491CB468CE8A8' WITH GRANT OPTION | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
直接更改表user後須要從新登新權限才生效，不然須要flush privilege到內存數據庫
mysql數據庫安全配置
六原則centos
- 禁用多餘的管理員帳號
- 刪除db表的數據
- 刪除test庫
- 修改管理員帳戶名
- 修改root弱密碼
- 權限最小化
表刪除操做
任何刪除動做都須要備份安全
- 查看須要刪除的表
show tables;
- 查看是否有進程在訪問表
show processlist;
- 重命名錶
rename table t3 to t3_bak;
- 導出表
mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -uroot t3_bak > /tmp/t3_bak.sql
- 刪表
drop table t3_bak;
- 檢查刪除結果
show tables from d3 like '%t3%';
在線遷移mysql
1.確認工做
- 主庫server_id log_bing
mysql> show variables like '%server_id'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /data/my3306/log/binlog/binlog | | log_bin_index | /data/my3306/log/binlog/binlog.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 從庫server_id log_bing
mysql> show variables like '%server_id'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 3307 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%log_bin%'; +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /data/my3307/log/binlog/binlog | | log_bin_index | /data/my3307/log/binlog/binlog.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.主庫建立複製帳號
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repuser'@'172.16.2.154' identified by 'repuser';
遠程登陸：mysql -urepuser -prepuser -P3306 -h172.16.2.154session
3.主庫執行在線全備
先插入幾條數據app
mysql> create database db1 character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create table t1(id int,name1 varchar(10),name2 varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> insert into t1 values (1,'yzw1','yzw11'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into t1 values (2,'yzw2','yzw12'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from t1; +------+-------+-------+ | id | name1 | name2 | +------+-------+-------+ | 1 | yzw1 | yzw11 | | 2 | yzw2 | yzw22 | +------+-------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.備份命令
備份用戶受權socket
create user xtrabackup@'localhost' identified by 'xtrabackup'; grant reload,lock tables,replication client,create tablespace,process,super on *.* to xtrabackup@'localhost' ; grant create,insert,select on percona_schema.* to xtrabackup@'localhost' ;
全備
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --user=xtrabackup --password='xtrabackup' --port=3306 --host=localhost --socket=/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock --defaults-group=mysqld1 /backup
innobackupex: Error: mysql child process has died: mysql: unknown variable 'pid_file=/data/my3306/run/mysqld.pid'
註釋[mysql]的pid_file=/data/my3306/run/mysqld.pid
2018-02-13 16:02:40 7fd7190e0740 InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation. InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified. 2018-02-13 16:02:40 7fd7190e0740 InnoDB: File name ./ib_logfile0 2018-02-13 16:02:40 7fd7190e0740 InnoDB: File operation call: 'open' returned OS error 71. 2018-02-13 16:02:40 7fd7190e0740 InnoDB: Cannot continue operation. innobackupex: Error: ibbackup child process has died at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 386.
[root@docker02 2018-02-13_16-02-38]# xtrabackup --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --print-param # This MySQL options file was generated by XtraBackup. [mysqld] datadir = "./" tmpdir = "/tmp" innodb_data_home_dir = "./" innodb_data_file_path = "ibdata1:10M:autoextend" innodb_log_group_home_dir = "./" innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 5242880 innodb_flush_method = "" innodb_page_size = 16384 innodb_fast_checksum = 0 innodb_log_block_size = 512 innodb_buffer_pool_filename = "ib_buffer_pool"
目錄問題 https://www.percona.com/forums/questions-discussions/percona-xtrabackup/13396-file-name-ib_logfile0-innodb-file-operation-call-open-returned-os-error-71
由於一個my.cnf包含多個實例，須要告訴xtrabackup備份的是哪一個實例--default-group=mysqld1
5.主庫環境拷貝備份到從庫環境
略
6.從庫環境執行全量恢復
中止從庫上的實例，清空數據data和日誌log目錄
- apply log
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --apply-log --user=xtrabackup --password='xtrabackup' --port=3306 --host=localhost --socket=/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock --defaults-group=mysqld1 /backup/2018-02-13_16-28-56
- copy-back
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --copy-back --user=xtrabackup --password='xtrabackup' --port=3307 --host=localhost --socket=/data/my3307/run/mysql.sock --defaults-group=mysqld2 /backup/2018-02-13_16-28-56
更改受權 chown -R mysql:mysql /data/my3307
啓動數據庫 mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf start 2
7.確認從庫是從哪一個binlog的哪一個positiion開始的
[root@docker02 2018-02-13_16-28-56]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info binlog.000009 790
8.從庫環境設置主從複製
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.2.154', MASTER_USER='repuser', MASTER_PASSWORD='repuser', MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000009', MASTER_LOG_POS=790;
[root@docker02 run]# mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3307 --socket=/data/my3307/run/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.39-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='172.16.2.154',
-> MASTER_USER='repuser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='repuser',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000009',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=790;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql>
9.從庫環境執行start slave啓動複製
start slave;
查看狀態
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.2.154
Master_User: repuser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000009
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 790
Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 280
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000009
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 790
Relay_Log_Space: 446
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 3306
Master_UUID: dee097da-0bac-11e8-a9a8-005056a37249
Master_Info_File: /data/my3307/data/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10.查看從庫上的數據
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> select * from db1; ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> use db1 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from t1; +------+-------+-------+ | id | name1 | name2 | +------+-------+-------+ | 1 | yzw1 | yzw11 | | 2 | yzw2 | yzw22 | +------+-------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)
11.主庫繼續寫數據進來
mysql> insert into t1 values (3,'yzw3','yzw33'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into t1 values (4,'yzw4','yzw44'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
12.從庫已經能夠立刻看到數據了
mysql> select * from t1; +------+-------+-------+ | id | name1 | name2 | +------+-------+-------+ | 1 | yzw1 | yzw11 | | 2 | yzw2 | yzw22 | +------+-------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from t1; +------+-------+-------+ | id | name1 | name2 | +------+-------+-------+ | 1 | yzw1 | yzw11 | | 2 | yzw2 | yzw22 | | 3 | yzw3 | yzw33 | | 4 | yzw4 | yzw44 | +------+-------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'server_id'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 3307 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
13.主庫環境設爲read only
mysql> show variables like '%read_only%'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | innodb_read_only | OFF | | read_only | OFF | | tx_read_only | OFF | +------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global read_only=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show global variables like '%read_only%'; +------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+-------+ | innodb_read_only | OFF | | read_only | ON | | tx_read_only | OFF | +------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
14.從庫追主庫binlog日誌完畢，開啓新主庫
mysql線上升級
升級前的版本信息
[root@mysql01 my3306]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.39-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like '%server_id%'; +----------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------+-------+ | server_id | 3306 | | server_id_bits | 32 | +----------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.6.39-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
下載二進制更新包
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
升級前備份
inplace更新文件
- 原來的安裝
cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/my3306 \ -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data/my3306/data \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_SSL=yes \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DWITH_READLINE=on
- 解壓5.7源碼包
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.7.21
- cmake 報錯
-- MySQL 5.7.21 -- Packaging as: mysql-5.7.21-Linux-x86_64 -- Looked for boost/version.hpp in and -- BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR BOOST_INCLUDE_DIR-NOTFOUND -- LOCAL_BOOST_DIR -- LOCAL_BOOST_ZIP -- Could not find (the correct version of) boost. -- MySQL currently requires boost_1_59_0 CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81 (MESSAGE): You can download it with -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=<directory>
- 安裝boost
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz --no-check-certificate mkdir -p /usr/local/boost tar -zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/boost
- 增長DWITH_BOOST參數
cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/my3306 \ -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data/my3306/data \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_SSL=yes \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock \ -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DWITH_READLINE=on \ -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
- make && make install
前面目錄不標準，能夠install到新目錄，而後中止數據庫，mv/覆蓋
開啓數據庫
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/my3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
各類error
2018-02-16T16:35:31.025314Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'global_variables' has the wrong structure 2018-02-16T16:35:31.025374Z 0 [ERROR] Native table 'performance_schema'.'session_variables' has the wrong structure 2018-02-16T16:35:31.025625Z 0 [ERROR] Incorrect definition of table mysql.db: expected column 'User' at position 2 to have type char(32), found type char(16). 2018-02-16T16:35:31.025705Z 0 [ERROR] mysql.user has no `Event_priv` column at position 28 2018-02-16T16:35:31.036356Z 0 [ERROR] Event Scheduler: An error occurred when initializing system tables. Disabling the Event Scheduler. 2018-02-16T16:35:31.036589Z 0 [Note] /data/my3306/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.7.21-log' socket: '/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock' port: 3306 Source distribution
更新數據字典
[root@mysql01 bin]# mysql_upgrade --socket=/data/my3306/run/mysql.sock Checking if update is needed. Checking server version. Running queries to upgrade MySQL server. Checking system database. mysql.columns_priv OK mysql.db OK mysql.engine_cost OK mysql.event OK mysql.func OK mysql.general_log OK mysql.gtid_executed OK mysql.help_category OK mysql.help_keyword OK mysql.help_relation OK mysql.help_topic OK mysql.innodb_index_stats OK mysql.innodb_table_stats OK mysql.ndb_binlog_index OK mysql.plugin OK mysql.proc OK mysql.procs_priv OK mysql.proxies_priv OK mysql.server_cost OK mysql.servers OK mysql.slave_master_info OK mysql.slave_relay_log_info OK mysql.slave_worker_info OK mysql.slow_log OK mysql.tables_priv OK mysql.time_zone OK mysql.time_zone_leap_second OK mysql.time_zone_name OK mysql.time_zone_transition OK mysql.time_zone_transition_type OK mysql.user OK Upgrading the sys schema. Checking databases. db1.t1 OK sys.sys_config OK Upgrade process completed successfully. Checking if update is needed. [root@mysql01 bin]#
查看升級後的數據庫版本
[root@mysql01 log]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.21-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show variables like 'server_id'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | server_id | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select version(); +------------+ | version() | +------------+ | 5.7.21-log | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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