mongodb副本集介紹、mongodb副本集搭建、 mongodb副本集測試
mongodb副本集介紹
- MongoDB早期版本使用master-slave，一主一從和MySQL主從基本是一致的，但salve在此架構中爲只讀，當主庫宕機後，從庫不能自動切換爲主.
- 目前已經淘汰master-salve模式，改成副本集，副本集架構也是爲了實現MongoDB的高可用，這種模式下有一個主（primary），和多個從（secondary）只讀，支持他們設置權重，當主宕機後，權重最高的從切換爲主.
- 在此架構中還能夠創建一個仲裁（arbiter）的角色，它只負責裁決，而不存儲數據.
- 在此架構中讀寫數據都是在主上，要想實現負載均衡的目的須要手動指定讀庫的目標server.
MongoDB副本集架構圖
原理很簡單一個primary，secondary至少是一個，也能夠是多個secondary，除了多個secondary以外，還能夠加一個Arbiter，Arbiter叫作仲裁，當Primary宕機後，Arbiter能夠很準確的告知Primary宕掉了，但可能Primary認爲本身沒有宕掉，這樣的話就會出現腦裂，爲了防止腦裂就增長了Arbiter這個角色，尤爲是數據庫堅定不能出現腦裂的狀態，腦裂會致使數據會紊亂，數據一旦紊亂恢復就很是麻煩.linux
變遷圖
說明：Primary宕機後，其中secondary就成爲一個新的Primary，另一個secondary依然是secondary的角色. 對於MySQL主歷來講，即便作一主多從，萬一master宕機後，可讓從成爲新的主，但這過程是須要手動的更改的. 可是在MongoDB副本集架構當中呢，它徹底都是自動的，rimary宕機後，其中secondary就成爲一個新的Primary，另一個secondary能夠自動識別新的primary.mongodb
mongodb副本集搭建
準備三臺機器: 192.168.193.130 (primary)
192.168.193.131 (secondary)
192.168.193.132 (secondary)
三臺機器都須要安裝MongoDB，primary已安裝過，兩臺secondary須要安裝，因步驟同樣，在此不作演示.shell
編輯三臺機器的配置文件
[root@aminglinux-130 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf數據庫
# network interfaces net: port: 27017 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.193.130 # Listen to local interface only, comment to listen on all interfaces. "/etc/mongod.conf" 44L, 784C
說明:作副本集bindIp 要監聽本機IP和內網IPvim
#replication: //把#去掉，並增兩行 replication: oplogSizeMB: 20 //前面兩個空格 replSetName；aminglinux //定義副本集的名字 前面兩個空格
重啓MongoDB服務:bash
[root@aminglinux-130 ~]# systemctl restart mongod架構
啓動從主機app
[root@aminglinux-131 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
負載均衡
net: port: 27017 bindIp: 127.0.0.1,192.168.193.131 # Listen to local interface only, comment to listen on all interfaces.
說明:作副本集bindIp 要監聽本機IP和內網IPspa
#replication: //把#去掉，並增兩行 replication: oplogSizeMB: 20 replSetName: aminglinux //定義副本集的名字
重啓MongoDB服務:
[root@aminglinux-131 ~]# systemctl restart mongod
[root@aminglinux-131 ~]# ps aux |grep mongod mongod 3111 2.2 3.9 1018232 39316 ? Sl 16:23 0:21 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf root 3282 0.0 0.0 112704 660 pts/0 R+ 16:39 0:00 grep --color=auto mongod
啓動從主機
[root@aminglinux-132 ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
#replication: //把#去掉，並增兩行 replication: oplogSizeMB: 20 replSetName: aminglinux //定義副本集的名字
[root@aminglinux-132 ~]# systemctl restart mongod
[root@aminglinux-132 ~]# ps aux |grep mongod mongod 3246 60.0 3.7 1018232 37532 ? Sl 16:44 0:42 /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf root 3292 0.0 0.0 112720 980 pts/0 R+ 16:45 0:00 grep --color=auto mongod
鏈接MongoDB --Primary機器
[root@aming-130 ~]# mongo MongoDB shell version v3.4.9 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 MongoDB server version: 3.4.9 Server has startup warnings: 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database. 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted. 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-10-20T17:18:53.740+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
置副本集
說明:在哪臺機器上執行這一步，那麼哪臺機器就會成爲primary
> config={_id:"aminglinux",members:[{_id:0,host:"192.168.193.130:27017"},{_id:1,host:"192.168.193.131:27017"},{_id:2,host:"192.168.193.132:27017"}]}
{
"_id" : "aminglinux",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "192.168.193.130:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "192.168.193.131:27017"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "192.168.193.132:27017"
}
]
}
>
config={_id:"aminglinux" --> aminglinux(副本集的名字)
members --> 指定成員
rs.initiate(config) -->初始化
> rs.initiate()？
{ "ok" : 1 }
rs.status() -->查看副本集狀態
說明：能夠看到192.168.193.130 顯示："stateStr" : "PRIMARY"
192.168.193.131和192.168.193.132 分別顯示： "stateStr" : "SECONDARY"
aminglinux:OTHER> rs.status()
{
"set" : "aminglinux",
"date" : ISODate("2019-05-14T10:54:40.893Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831277, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831277, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831277, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.193.130:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 319,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831277, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T10:54:37Z"),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1557831175, 2),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T10:52:55Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
annalinux:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
"set" : "annalinux",
"date" : ISODate("2019-05-14T11:05:12.553Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831909, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831909, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831909, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.193.131:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 953,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557831909, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T11:05:09Z"),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1557831527, 2),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T10:58:47Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
annalinux:OTHER> rs.status()
{
"set" : "annalinux",
"date" : ISODate("2019-05-14T11:06:48.154Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557832006, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557832006, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557832006, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
}
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "192.168.193.132:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 654,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1557832006, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T11:06:46Z"),
"syncingTo" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1557832004, 2),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2019-05-14T11:06:44Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
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