Android Camera 流程學習記錄(四)—— Camera.startPreview() flow

簡介
經過整理前幾篇筆記,我已經對整個 Camera 的框架有比較清晰的認識,而且也已經漸漸摸清楚了整個控制流的邏輯。
此次,我打算經過追蹤 Camera.startPreview() 方法,以加深對控制流的理解。同時嘗試結合上一篇關於 module 的認識,將這個流程走到儘量底部的位置。
Camera.startPreview() flow
1. Frameworks
1.1 Camera.java
位置:frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/Camera.java
startPreview(): 
給上層 application 提供一個接口。
進入 Runtime 層。
    /**
     * Starts capturing and drawing preview frames to the screen.
     * Preview will not actually start until a surface is supplied
     * with {@link #setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder)} or
     * {@link #setPreviewTexture(SurfaceTexture)}.
     *
     * <p>If {@link #setPreviewCallback(Camera.PreviewCallback)},
     * {@link #setOneShotPreviewCallback(Camera.PreviewCallback)}, or
     * {@link #setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(Camera.PreviewCallback)} were
     * called, {@link Camera.PreviewCallback#onPreviewFrame(byte[], Camera)}
     * will be called when preview data becomes available.
     */
    public native final void startPreview();

2. Android Runtime
2.1 android_hardware_Camera.cpp
位置:frameworks/base/core/jni/android_hardware_Camera.cpp
android_hardware_Camera_startPreview(): 
調用 get_native_camera() 函數獲取一個 Camera 實例。
調用 Camera::startPreview()。
static void android_hardware_Camera_startPreview(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz)
{
    ALOGV("startPreview");
    sp<Camera> camera = get_native_camera(env, thiz, NULL);
    if (camera == 0) return;java

    if (camera->startPreview() != NO_ERROR) {
        jniThrowRuntimeException(env, "startPreview failed");
        return;
    }
}

get_native_camera(): 
從 DVM 中獲取關於 Camera 的上下文。
從上下文信息中獲取 Camera 實例。
sp<Camera> get_native_camera(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, JNICameraContext** pContext)
{
    sp<Camera> camera;
    Mutex::Autolock _l(sLock);
    JNICameraContext* context = reinterpret_cast<JNICameraContext*>(env->GetLongField(thiz, fields.context));
    if (context != NULL) {
        camera = context->getCamera();
    }
    ALOGV("get_native_camera: context=%p, camera=%p", context, camera.get());
    if (camera == 0) {
        jniThrowRuntimeException(env,
                "Camera is being used after Camera.release() was called");
    }android

    if (pContext != NULL) *pContext = context;
    return camera;
}

3. Libraries
3.1 Camera.cpp
位置:frameworks/av/camera/Camera.cpp
startPreview(): 
mCamera 便是在 connect 過程當中返回的 CameraClient,它具體實現了 startPreview() 接口。
調用 CameraClient::startPreview()。
// start preview mode
status_t Camera::startPreview()
{
    ALOGV("startPreview");
    sp <::android::hardware::ICamera> c = mCamera;
    if (c == 0) return NO_INIT;
    return c->startPreview();
}

3.2 CameraClient.cpp
位置:frameworks/av/services/camera/libcameraservice/api1/CameraClient.cpp
startPreview(): 
經過 startCameraMode 函數進入具體的實現邏輯。
// start preview mode
status_t CameraClient::startPreview() {
    LOG1("startPreview (pid %d)", getCallingPid());
    return startCameraMode(CAMERA_PREVIEW_MODE);
}

startCameraMode(): 
根據傳入的參數 CAMERA_PREVIEW_MODE 肯定進入的分支。
調用 startPreviewMode() 。
// start preview or recording
status_t CameraClient::startCameraMode(camera_mode mode) {
    LOG1("startCameraMode(%d)", mode);
    Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
    status_t result = checkPidAndHardware();
    if (result != NO_ERROR) return result;api

    switch(mode) {
        case CAMERA_PREVIEW_MODE:
            if (mSurface == 0 && mPreviewWindow == 0) {
                LOG1("mSurface is not set yet.");
                // still able to start preview in this case.
            }
            return startPreviewMode();
        case CAMERA_RECORDING_MODE:
            if (mSurface == 0 && mPreviewWindow == 0) {
                ALOGE("mSurface or mPreviewWindow must be set before startRecordingMode.");
                return INVALID_OPERATION;
            }
            return startRecordingMode();
        default:
            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }
}

startPreviewMode(): 
若是預覽已經存在,則直接返回成功信息。
若是未存在,則繼續往下走。
mHardware 是 CameraHardwareInterface 的實例,在 connect 過程的最後被初始化。
經過 mHardware 調用 setPreviewWindow() 和 startPreview() 接口。
進入 HAL 層。
status_t CameraClient::startPreviewMode() {
    LOG1("startPreviewMode");
    status_t result = NO_ERROR;app

    // if preview has been enabled, nothing needs to be done
    if (mHardware->previewEnabled()) {
        return NO_ERROR;
    }框架

    if (mPreviewWindow != 0) {
        mHardware->setPreviewScalingMode(
            NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_WINDOW);
        mHardware->setPreviewTransform(mOrientation);
    }
    mHardware->setPreviewWindow(mPreviewWindow);
    result = mHardware->startPreview();
    if (result == NO_ERROR) {
        mCameraService->updateProxyDeviceState(
            ICameraServiceProxy::CAMERA_STATE_ACTIVE,
            String8::format("%d", mCameraId));
    }
    return result;
}

4. HAL
4.1 CameraHardwareInterface.h
位置:frameworks/av/services/camera/libcameraservice/device1/CameraHardwareInterface.h
previewEnable(): 
經過 mDevice->ops 繼續向下調用(不是咱們主要追蹤的)。
mDevice 便是經過 hw_get_module() 相關流程進行初始化的設備實例,它的類型是 camera_device_t 。
若是 preview 存在,則返回 true 。
    /**
     * Returns true if preview is enabled.
     */
    int previewEnabled()
    {
        ALOGV("%s(%s)", __FUNCTION__, mName.string());
        if (mDevice->ops->preview_enabled)
            return mDevice->ops->preview_enabled(mDevice);
        return false;
    }

setPreviewWindow(): 
若是 set_preview_window 函數指針爲空,則返回失敗信息。
若否,經過 mDevice->ops 繼續向下調用(不是咱們主要追蹤的)。
    /** Set the ANativeWindow to which preview frames are sent */
    status_t setPreviewWindow(const sp<ANativeWindow>& buf)
    {
        ALOGV("%s(%s) buf %p", __FUNCTION__, mName.string(), buf.get());
        if (mDevice->ops->set_preview_window) {
            mPreviewWindow = buf;
            if (buf != nullptr) {
                if (mPreviewScalingMode != NOT_SET) {
                    setPreviewScalingMode(mPreviewScalingMode);
                }
                if (mPreviewTransform != NOT_SET) {
                    setPreviewTransform(mPreviewTransform);
                }
            }
            mHalPreviewWindow.user = this;
            ALOGV("%s &mHalPreviewWindow %p mHalPreviewWindow.user %p", __FUNCTION__,
                    &mHalPreviewWindow, mHalPreviewWindow.user);
            return mDevice->ops->set_preview_window(mDevice,
                    buf.get() ? &mHalPreviewWindow.nw : 0);
        }
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

startPreview(): 
若 start_preview() 函數指針爲空,則返回失敗信息。
若否,則經過 mDevice 進行下一步操做。
關於 mDevice,咱們結合 Camera.open() 流程與 hw_get_module() 相關邏輯,能夠知道它的邏輯是這樣的: 
在 CameraService 啓動時,會調用 onFirstRef() 對 module 進行初始化,獲取 module 實例。
在 open 過程當中,CameraClient 鏈接 CameraServer 成功時,會實例化 CameraHardwareInterface,並傳入 module 實例對其初始化。
在初始化過程當中,經過 module 實例對應的 open 方法,咱們得到一個 device 實例,即 mDevice,這對應了具體的攝像頭設備。
經過 mDevice,咱們就能夠將對應的指令傳達到硬件設備。
經過對 camera_device_t 類型進行追蹤,能夠找到函數指針的一個具體指向。
    /**
     * Start preview mode.
     */
    status_t startPreview()
    {
        ALOGV("%s(%s)", __FUNCTION__, mName.string());
        if (mDevice->ops->start_preview)
            return mDevice->ops->start_preview(mDevice);
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

4.2 camera.h
位置:hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/camera.h
struct camera_device: 
這裏就聲明瞭咱們想要追蹤的 camera_device_t 。
ops 對應的類型是 camera_device_ops_t ,這個結構中聲明瞭函數指針。
typedef struct camera_device {
    /**
     * camera_device.common.version must be in the range
     * HARDWARE_DEVICE_API_VERSION(0,0)-(1,FF). CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0 is
     * recommended.
     */
    hw_device_t common;
    camera_device_ops_t *ops;
    void *priv;
} camera_device_t;

struct camera_device_ops: 
因爲註釋過長,我把除了 start_preview 之外的註釋都去掉了。
能夠看到,全部關於 Camera 設備的操做,對應的函數指針都在這裏聲明瞭。
可是這裏無法看出,函數指針具體指向哪裏。
在 Linux 下用 find . -name "*.cpp" | xargs grep "start_preview =" 能夠找到一些對應的文件,這些文件所處的位置與具體的設備商有關。
在這些文件中,就肯定了函數指針的指向。
typedef struct camera_device_ops {
    int (*set_preview_window)(struct camera_device *,
            struct preview_stream_ops *window);ide

    void (*set_callbacks)(struct camera_device *,
            camera_notify_callback notify_cb,
            camera_data_callback data_cb,
            camera_data_timestamp_callback data_cb_timestamp,
            camera_request_memory get_memory,
            void *user);函數

    void (*enable_msg_type)(struct camera_device *, int32_t msg_type);oop

    void (*disable_msg_type)(struct camera_device *, int32_t msg_type);學習

    int (*msg_type_enabled)(struct camera_device *, int32_t msg_type);ui

    /**
     * Start preview mode.
     */
    int (*start_preview)(struct camera_device *);

    void (*stop_preview)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*preview_enabled)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*store_meta_data_in_buffers)(struct camera_device *, int enable);

    int (*start_recording)(struct camera_device *);

    void (*stop_recording)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*recording_enabled)(struct camera_device *);

    void (*release_recording_frame)(struct camera_device *,
                    const void *opaque);

    int (*auto_focus)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*cancel_auto_focus)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*take_picture)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*cancel_picture)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*set_parameters)(struct camera_device *, const char *parms);

    char *(*get_parameters)(struct camera_device *);

    void (*put_parameters)(struct camera_device *, char *);

    int (*send_command)(struct camera_device *,
                int32_t cmd, int32_t arg1, int32_t arg2);

    void (*release)(struct camera_device *);

    int (*dump)(struct camera_device *, int fd);
} camera_device_ops_t;


4.3 hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera
經過 find 指令,我找到了一些與函數指針指向有關的文件。
從這些文件的路徑上看,它們與不一樣的設備供應商有關。
我決定往 ti/omap4-aah 子文件夾去一探究竟。
4.3.1 CameraHal_Module.cpp
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/CameraHal_Module.cpp
camera_device_open(): 
在 open 流程中,就指定了 ops 中指針的對應關係。
        memset(camera_device, 0, sizeof(*camera_device));
        memset(camera_ops, 0, sizeof(*camera_ops));

        camera_device->base.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
        camera_device->base.common.version = 0;
        camera_device->base.common.module = (hw_module_t *)(module);
        camera_device->base.common.close = camera_device_close;
        camera_device->base.ops = camera_ops;

        camera_ops->set_preview_window = camera_set_preview_window;
        camera_ops->set_callbacks = camera_set_callbacks;
        camera_ops->enable_msg_type = camera_enable_msg_type;
        camera_ops->disable_msg_type = camera_disable_msg_type;
        camera_ops->msg_type_enabled = camera_msg_type_enabled;
        camera_ops->start_preview = camera_start_preview;
        camera_ops->stop_preview = camera_stop_preview;
        camera_ops->preview_enabled = camera_preview_enabled;
        camera_ops->store_meta_data_in_buffers = camera_store_meta_data_in_buffers;
        camera_ops->start_recording = camera_start_recording;
        camera_ops->stop_recording = camera_stop_recording;
        camera_ops->recording_enabled = camera_recording_enabled;
        camera_ops->release_recording_frame = camera_release_recording_frame;
        camera_ops->auto_focus = camera_auto_focus;
        camera_ops->cancel_auto_focus = camera_cancel_auto_focus;
        camera_ops->take_picture = camera_take_picture;
        camera_ops->cancel_picture = camera_cancel_picture;
        camera_ops->set_parameters = camera_set_parameters;
        camera_ops->get_parameters = camera_get_parameters;
        camera_ops->put_parameters = camera_put_parameters;
        camera_ops->send_command = camera_send_command;
        camera_ops->release = camera_release;
        camera_ops->dump = camera_dump;

        *device = &camera_device->base.common;

        // -------- TI specific stuff --------

        camera_device->cameraid = cameraid;

camera_start_preview(): 
注意 gCameraHals 是 CameraHal * 。
經過調用 CameraHal::startPreview() 完成業務邏輯。
int camera_start_preview(struct camera_device * device)
{
    CAMHAL_LOG_MODULE_FUNCTION_NAME;

    int rv = -EINVAL;
    ti_camera_device_t* ti_dev = NULL;

    if(!device)
        return rv;

    ti_dev = (ti_camera_device_t*) device;

    rv = gCameraHals[ti_dev->cameraid]->startPreview();

    return rv;
}

4.3.2 CameraHal.cpp
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/CameraHal.cpp
這個文件對應的功能是,將 Camera Hardware Interface 映射到 V4L2。
注意兩個聲明: 
extern "C" CameraAdapter* OMXCameraAdapter_Factory(size_t);
extern "C" CameraAdapter* V4LCameraAdapter_Factory(size_t);
分別對應 OMX 與 V4L 的適配器工廠,這裏多是將 Adapter 模式與 Factory 模式結合使用。
startPreview(): 
源代碼中帶有大量註釋,在這裏我將其去掉,只關注調用邏輯。
首先調用了 cameraPreviewInitialization() 函數進行初始化。
經過 CameraAdapter 發送 CAMERA_START_PREVIEW 指令,若成功執行,則完成流程。
status_t CameraHal::startPreview() {
    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME;

    status_t ret = cameraPreviewInitialization();

    if (!mPreviewInitializationDone) return ret;

    mPreviewInitializationDone = false;

    if(mDisplayAdapter.get() != NULL) {
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("Enabling display");
        int width, height;
        mParameters.getPreviewSize(&width, &height);

#if PPM_INSTRUMENTATION || PPM_INSTRUMENTATION_ABS
        ret = mDisplayAdapter->enableDisplay(width, height, &mStartPreview);
#else
        ret = mDisplayAdapter->enableDisplay(width, height, NULL);
#endif

        if ( ret != NO_ERROR ) {
            CAMHAL_LOGEA("Couldn't enable display");
            CAMHAL_ASSERT_X(false,
                "At this stage mCameraAdapter->mStateSwitchLock is still locked, "
                "deadlock is guaranteed");

            goto error;
        }
    }

    CAMHAL_LOGDA("Starting CameraAdapter preview mode");

    ret = mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_PREVIEW);

    if(ret!=NO_ERROR) {
        CAMHAL_LOGEA("Couldn't start preview w/ CameraAdapter");
        goto error;
    }
    CAMHAL_LOGDA("Started preview");

    mPreviewEnabled = true;
    mPreviewStartInProgress = false;
    return ret;

    error:

        CAMHAL_LOGEA("Performing cleanup after error");

        //Do all the cleanup
        freePreviewBufs();
        mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_PREVIEW);
        if(mDisplayAdapter.get() != NULL) {
            mDisplayAdapter->disableDisplay(false);
        }
        mAppCallbackNotifier->stop();
        mPreviewStartInProgress = false;
        mPreviewEnabled = false;
        LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;

        return ret;
}

cameraPreviewInitialization(): 
這段代碼比較長,但從註釋看,它主要作三件事: 
經過 Adapter 設置相關參數;
申請 Buffers 空間;
對 Buffers 進行相應設置以進行預覽。
瞭解了大致思路,再看看具體代碼: 
mCameraAdapter->setParameters():設置參數。
allocPreviewBufs() :申請 Buffers。
desc:注意到這個變量對應着 CameraAdapter::BuffersDescriptor,在申請 Buffers 空間成功後,便對其進行相應的成員設置。
mAppCallbackNotifier->start():開啓回調通知。
mAppCallbackNotifier->startPreviewCallbacks():將 Buffers 對應到相應的回調函數中,以供上層 APP 獲取預覽所需的數據。
NOTE: 
代碼中不斷使用 mCameraAdapter->sendCommand() 來發送指令,並獲取一些數據。
指令發送到對應的 Adapter (如 V4L Adapter),就會調用相應的函數進行處理。
////////////
/**
   @brief Set preview mode related initialization
          -> Camera Adapter set params
          -> Allocate buffers
          -> Set use buffers for preview
   @param none
   @return NO_ERROR
   @todo Update function header with the different errors that are possible
*/
status_t CameraHal::cameraPreviewInitialization()
{

    status_t ret = NO_ERROR;
    CameraAdapter::BuffersDescriptor desc;
    CameraFrame frame;
    unsigned int required_buffer_count;
    unsigned int max_queueble_buffers;

#if PPM_INSTRUMENTATION || PPM_INSTRUMENTATION_ABS
        gettimeofday(&mStartPreview, NULL);
#endif

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME;

    if (mPreviewInitializationDone) {
        return NO_ERROR;
    }

    if ( mPreviewEnabled ){
      CAMHAL_LOGDA("Preview already running");
      LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;
      return ALREADY_EXISTS;
    }

    if ( NULL != mCameraAdapter ) {
      ret = mCameraAdapter->setParameters(mParameters);
    }

    if ((mPreviewStartInProgress == false) && (mDisplayPaused == false)){
      ret = mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_QUERY_RESOLUTION_PREVIEW,( int ) &frame);
      if ( NO_ERROR != ret ){
        CAMHAL_LOGEB("Error: CAMERA_QUERY_RESOLUTION_PREVIEW %d", ret);
        return ret;
      }

      ///Update the current preview width and height
      mPreviewWidth = frame.mWidth;
      mPreviewHeight = frame.mHeight;
    }

    ///If we don't have the preview callback enabled and display adapter,
    if(!mSetPreviewWindowCalled || (mDisplayAdapter.get() == NULL)){
      CAMHAL_LOGD("Preview not started. Preview in progress flag set");
      mPreviewStartInProgress = true;
      ret = mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_SWITCH_TO_EXECUTING);
      if ( NO_ERROR != ret ){
        CAMHAL_LOGEB("Error: CAMERA_SWITCH_TO_EXECUTING %d", ret);
        return ret;
      }
      return NO_ERROR;
    }

    if( (mDisplayAdapter.get() != NULL) && ( !mPreviewEnabled ) && ( mDisplayPaused ) )
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("Preview is in paused state");

        mDisplayPaused = false;
        mPreviewEnabled = true;
        if ( NO_ERROR == ret )
            {
            ret = mDisplayAdapter->pauseDisplay(mDisplayPaused);

            if ( NO_ERROR != ret )
                {
                CAMHAL_LOGEB("Display adapter resume failed %x", ret);
                }
            }
        //restart preview callbacks
        if(mMsgEnabled & CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_FRAME)
        {
            mAppCallbackNotifier->enableMsgType (CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_FRAME);
        }

        signalEndImageCapture();
        return ret;
        }

    required_buffer_count = atoi(mCameraProperties->get(CameraProperties::REQUIRED_PREVIEW_BUFS));

    ///Allocate the preview buffers
    ret = allocPreviewBufs(mPreviewWidth, mPreviewHeight, mParameters.getPreviewFormat(), required_buffer_count, max_queueble_buffers);

    if ( NO_ERROR != ret )
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGEA("Couldn't allocate buffers for Preview");
        goto error;
        }

    if ( mMeasurementEnabled )
        {

        ret = mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_QUERY_BUFFER_SIZE_PREVIEW_DATA,
                                          ( int ) &frame,
                                          required_buffer_count);
        if ( NO_ERROR != ret )
            {
            return ret;
            }

         ///Allocate the preview data buffers
        ret = allocPreviewDataBufs(frame.mLength, required_buffer_count);
        if ( NO_ERROR != ret ) {
            CAMHAL_LOGEA("Couldn't allocate preview data buffers");
            goto error;
           }

        if ( NO_ERROR == ret )
            {
            desc.mBuffers = mPreviewDataBuffers;
            desc.mOffsets = mPreviewDataOffsets;
            desc.mFd = mPreviewDataFd;
            desc.mLength = mPreviewDataLength;
            desc.mCount = ( size_t ) required_buffer_count;
            desc.mMaxQueueable = (size_t) required_buffer_count;

            mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW_DATA,
                                        ( int ) &desc);
            }

        }

    ///Pass the buffers to Camera Adapter
    desc.mBuffers = mPreviewBuffers;
    desc.mOffsets = mPreviewOffsets;
    desc.mFd = mPreviewFd;
    desc.mLength = mPreviewLength;
    desc.mCount = ( size_t ) required_buffer_count;
    desc.mMaxQueueable = (size_t) max_queueble_buffers;

    ret = mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW,
                                      ( int ) &desc);

    if ( NO_ERROR != ret )
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGEB("Failed to register preview buffers: 0x%x", ret);
        freePreviewBufs();
        return ret;
        }

    ///Start the callback notifier
    ret = mAppCallbackNotifier->start();

    if( ALREADY_EXISTS == ret )
        {
        //Already running, do nothing
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("AppCallbackNotifier already running");
        ret = NO_ERROR;
        }
    else if ( NO_ERROR == ret ) {
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("Started AppCallbackNotifier..");
        mAppCallbackNotifier->setMeasurements(mMeasurementEnabled);
        }
    else
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("Couldn't start AppCallbackNotifier");
        goto error;
        }

    if (ret == NO_ERROR) mPreviewInitializationDone = true;

    mAppCallbackNotifier->startPreviewCallbacks(mParameters, mPreviewBuffers, mPreviewOffsets, mPreviewFd, mPreviewLength, required_buffer_count);

    return ret;

    error:

        CAMHAL_LOGEA("Performing cleanup after error");

        //Do all the cleanup
        freePreviewBufs();
        mCameraAdapter->sendCommand(CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_PREVIEW);
        if(mDisplayAdapter.get() != NULL)
            {
            mDisplayAdapter->disableDisplay(false);
            }
        mAppCallbackNotifier->stop();
        mPreviewStartInProgress = false;
        mPreviewEnabled = false;
        LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;

        return ret;
}

4.3.3 BaseCameraAdapter.cpp
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/BaseCameraAdapter.cpp
注意到文件中定義的常量: 
分別對應不一樣的命令。
const LUT cameraCommandsUserToHAL[] = {
    { "CAMERA_START_PREVIEW",                   CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_PREVIEW },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_PREVIEW",                    CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_PREVIEW },
    { "CAMERA_START_VIDEO",                     CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_VIDEO },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_VIDEO",                      CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_VIDEO },
    { "CAMERA_START_IMAGE_CAPTURE",             CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_IMAGE_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_IMAGE_CAPTURE",              CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_IMAGE_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_PERFORM_AUTOFOCUS",               CameraAdapter::CAMERA_PERFORM_AUTOFOCUS },
    { "CAMERA_CANCEL_AUTOFOCUS",                CameraAdapter::CAMERA_CANCEL_AUTOFOCUS },
    { "CAMERA_PREVIEW_FLUSH_BUFFERS",           CameraAdapter::CAMERA_PREVIEW_FLUSH_BUFFERS },
    { "CAMERA_START_SMOOTH_ZOOM",               CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_SMOOTH_ZOOM },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_SMOOTH_ZOOM",                CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_SMOOTH_ZOOM },
    { "CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW",             CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW },
    { "CAMERA_SET_TIMEOUT",                     CameraAdapter::CAMERA_SET_TIMEOUT },
    { "CAMERA_CANCEL_TIMEOUT",                  CameraAdapter::CAMERA_CANCEL_TIMEOUT },
    { "CAMERA_START_BRACKET_CAPTURE",           CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_BRACKET_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_BRACKET_CAPTURE",            CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_BRACKET_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_QUERY_RESOLUTION_PREVIEW",        CameraAdapter::CAMERA_QUERY_RESOLUTION_PREVIEW },
    { "CAMERA_QUERY_BUFFER_SIZE_IMAGE_CAPTURE", CameraAdapter::CAMERA_QUERY_BUFFER_SIZE_IMAGE_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_QUERY_BUFFER_SIZE_PREVIEW_DATA",  CameraAdapter::CAMERA_QUERY_BUFFER_SIZE_PREVIEW_DATA },
    { "CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_IMAGE_CAPTURE",       CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_IMAGE_CAPTURE },
    { "CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW_DATA",        CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_PREVIEW_DATA },
    { "CAMERA_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED",                 CameraAdapter::CAMERA_TIMEOUT_EXPIRED },
    { "CAMERA_START_FD",                        CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_FD },
    { "CAMERA_STOP_FD",                         CameraAdapter::CAMERA_STOP_FD },
    { "CAMERA_SWITCH_TO_EXECUTING",             CameraAdapter::CAMERA_SWITCH_TO_EXECUTING },
    { "CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_VIDEO_CAPTURE",       CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_VIDEO_CAPTURE },
#ifdef OMAP_ENHANCEMENT_CPCAM
    { "CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_REPROCESS",           CameraAdapter::CAMERA_USE_BUFFERS_REPROCESS },
    { "CAMERA_START_REPROCESS",                 CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_REPROCESS },
#endif
};

BaseCameraAdapter::sendCommand(): 
利用 switch 將不一樣的命令對應到各自的邏輯中。
此處的 BaseCameraAdapter::startPreview() 實際上作什麼操做,具體的實現是在其子類中,接下來選取一個子類 V4LCameraAdapter 繼續深刻。
    case CameraAdapter::CAMERA_START_PREVIEW:
        {

            CAMHAL_LOGDA("Start Preview");

        if ( ret == NO_ERROR )
            {
            ret = setState(operation);
            }

        if ( ret == NO_ERROR )
            {
            ret = startPreview();
            }

        if ( ret == NO_ERROR )
            {
            ret = commitState();
            }
        else
            {
            ret |= rollbackState();
            }

        break;

        }

4.3.4 V4LCameraAdapter.h
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/inc/V4LCameraAdapter/V4LCameraAdapter.h
類 V4LCameraAdapter 繼承了 BaseCameraAdapter。
注意它有一個內部私有類: 
threadLoop() 應該是與線程的循環執行有關。
這個線程不斷執行 Adapter 中的 previewThread() 函數。
private:

    class PreviewThread : public android::Thread {
            V4LCameraAdapter* mAdapter;
        public:
            PreviewThread(V4LCameraAdapter* hw) :
                    Thread(false), mAdapter(hw) { }
            virtual void onFirstRef() {
                run("CameraPreviewThread", android::PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY);
            }
            virtual bool threadLoop() {
                mAdapter->previewThread();
                // loop until we need to quit
                return true;
            }
        };

    //Used for calculation of the average frame rate during preview
    status_t recalculateFPS();

    char * GetFrame(int &index);

    int previewThread();

4.3.5 V4LCameraAdapter.cpp
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/V4LCameraAdapter/V4LCameraAdapter.cpp
startPreview(): 
經過 v4lIoctl() 函數從硬件獲取須要的數據,並存入 Buffers。
啓動一個 PreviewThread,用於接收從 V4L 攝像頭設備傳回的數據。
最後設置一些 flag 代表預覽功能已開啓,startPreview 的控制流程就結束了。
status_t V4LCameraAdapter::startPreview()
{
    status_t ret = NO_ERROR;

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME;
    android::AutoMutex lock(mPreviewBufsLock);

    if(mPreviewing) {
        ret = BAD_VALUE;
        goto EXIT;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < mPreviewBufferCountQueueable; i++) {

        mVideoInfo->buf.index = i;
        mVideoInfo->buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        mVideoInfo->buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;

        ret = v4lIoctl(mCameraHandle, VIDIOC_QBUF, &mVideoInfo->buf);
        if (ret < 0) {
            CAMHAL_LOGEA("VIDIOC_QBUF Failed");
            goto EXIT;
        }
        nQueued++;
    }

    ret = v4lStartStreaming();

    // Create and start preview thread for receiving buffers from V4L Camera
    if(!mCapturing) {
        mPreviewThread = new PreviewThread(this);
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("Created preview thread");
    }

    //Update the flag to indicate we are previewing
    mPreviewing = true;
    mCapturing = false;

EXIT:
    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;
    return ret;
}

previewThread(): 
在 PreviewThread 線程中不斷被調用。
獲取設備傳回的數據,並進行一些格式轉換操做: 
convertYUV422ToNV12Tiler()
給幀數據進行一些必要的參數設置,如幀大小、時間戳等。
將幀數據發送給用戶: 
sendFrameToSubscribers(&frame)
int V4LCameraAdapter::previewThread()
{
    status_t ret = NO_ERROR;
    int width, height;
    CameraFrame frame;
    void *y_uv[2];
    int index = 0;
    int stride = 4096;
    char *fp = NULL;

    mParams.getPreviewSize(&width, &height);

    if (mPreviewing) {

        fp = this->GetFrame(index);
        if(!fp) {
            ret = BAD_VALUE;
            goto EXIT;
        }
        CameraBuffer *buffer = mPreviewBufs.keyAt(index);
        CameraFrame *lframe = (CameraFrame *)mFrameQueue.valueFor(buffer);
        if (!lframe) {
            ret = BAD_VALUE;
            goto EXIT;
        }

        debugShowFPS();

        if ( mFrameSubscribers.size() == 0 ) {
            ret = BAD_VALUE;
            goto EXIT;
        }
        y_uv[0] = (void*) lframe->mYuv[0];
        //y_uv[1] = (void*) lframe->mYuv[1];
        //y_uv[1] = (void*) (lframe->mYuv[0] + height*stride);
        convertYUV422ToNV12Tiler ( (unsigned char*)fp, (unsigned char*)y_uv[0], width, height);
        CAMHAL_LOGVB("##...index= %d.;camera buffer= 0x%x; y= 0x%x; UV= 0x%x.",index, buffer, y_uv[0], y_uv[1] );

#ifdef SAVE_RAW_FRAMES
        unsigned char* nv12_buff = (unsigned char*) malloc(width*height*3/2);
        //Convert yuv422i to yuv420sp(NV12) & dump the frame to a file
        convertYUV422ToNV12 ( (unsigned char*)fp, nv12_buff, width, height);
        saveFile( nv12_buff, ((width*height)*3/2) );
        free (nv12_buff);
#endif

        frame.mFrameType = CameraFrame::PREVIEW_FRAME_SYNC;
        frame.mBuffer = buffer;
        frame.mLength = width*height*3/2;
        frame.mAlignment = stride;
        frame.mOffset = 0;
        frame.mTimestamp = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
        frame.mFrameMask = (unsigned int)CameraFrame::PREVIEW_FRAME_SYNC;

        if (mRecording)
        {
            frame.mFrameMask |= (unsigned int)CameraFrame::VIDEO_FRAME_SYNC;
            mFramesWithEncoder++;
        }

        ret = setInitFrameRefCount(frame.mBuffer, frame.mFrameMask);
        if (ret != NO_ERROR) {
            CAMHAL_LOGDB("Error in setInitFrameRefCount %d", ret);
        } else {
            ret = sendFrameToSubscribers(&frame);
        }
    }
EXIT:

    return ret;
}

4.3.6 * AppCallbackNotifier.cpp
位置:hardware/ti/omap4-aah/camera/AppCallbackNotifier.cpp
在 CameraHal.cpp 中,預覽功能初始化的部分,調用到了 AppCallbackNotifier 類的函數。這個類應該是與各個回調函數有關,即與數據流有着密切的聯繫。
在這裏,我打算簡單地瞭解一些對應的邏輯。
startPreviewCallbacks(): 
對 previewBuffers 進行一些必要的設置。
同步預覽幀: 
mFrameProvider->enableFrameNotification(CameraFrame::PREVIEW_FRAME_SYNC)
到這裏之後,就不知道該往哪去深刻了,可是回調函數在哪調用了?
status_t AppCallbackNotifier::startPreviewCallbacks(android::CameraParameters &params, CameraBuffer *buffers, uint32_t *offsets, int fd, size_t length, size_t count)
{
    unsigned int *bufArr;
    int size = 0;

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME;

    android::AutoMutex lock(mLock);

    if ( NULL == mFrameProvider )
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGEA("Trying to start video recording without FrameProvider");
        return -EINVAL;
        }

    if ( mPreviewing )
        {
        CAMHAL_LOGDA("+Already previewing");
        return NO_INIT;
        }

    int w,h;
    ///Get preview size
    params.getPreviewSize(&w, &h);

    // save preview pixel format, size and stride
    mPreviewWidth = w;
    mPreviewHeight = h;
    mPreviewStride = 4096;
    mPreviewPixelFormat = CameraHal::getPixelFormatConstant(params.getPreviewFormat());
    size = CameraHal::calculateBufferSize(mPreviewPixelFormat, w, h);

    mPreviewMemory = mRequestMemory(-1, size, AppCallbackNotifier::MAX_BUFFERS, NULL);
    if (!mPreviewMemory) {
        return NO_MEMORY;
    }

    for (int i=0; i < AppCallbackNotifier::MAX_BUFFERS; i++) {
        mPreviewBuffers[i].type = CAMERA_BUFFER_MEMORY;
        mPreviewBuffers[i].opaque = (unsigned char*) mPreviewMemory->data + (i*size);
        mPreviewBuffers[i].mapped = mPreviewBuffers[i].opaque;
    }

    if ( mCameraHal->msgTypeEnabled(CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_FRAME ) ) {
         mFrameProvider->enableFrameNotification(CameraFrame::PREVIEW_FRAME_SYNC);
    }

    if ( mCameraHal->msgTypeEnabled(CAMERA_MSG_POSTVIEW_FRAME) ) {
         mFrameProvider->enableFrameNotification(CameraFrame::SNAPSHOT_FRAME);
    }

    mPreviewBufCount = 0;

    mPreviewing = true;

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;

    return NO_ERROR;
}

setCallbacks(): 
我想知道回調函數在哪調用,因而找到了這個設置回調的函數。
數據回調名爲 mDataCb,因而搜索 mDataCb。
void AppCallbackNotifier::setCallbacks(CameraHal* cameraHal,
                                        camera_notify_callback notify_cb,
                                        camera_data_callback data_cb,
                                        camera_data_timestamp_callback data_cb_timestamp,
                                        camera_request_memory get_memory,
                                        void *user)
{
    android::AutoMutex lock(mLock);

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME;

    mCameraHal = cameraHal;
    mNotifyCb = notify_cb;
    mDataCb = data_cb;
    mDataCbTimestamp = data_cb_timestamp;
    mRequestMemory = get_memory;
    mCallbackCookie = user;

    LOG_FUNCTION_NAME_EXIT;
}

notifyEvent(): 
在這個函數中發現了對回調函數 mDataCb 的調用。
下面選出的這個分支是與 PREVIEW_METADATA 有關,即預覽元數據。
元數據在 evt->mEventData 中,看命名應該是與 Event 有關。
Event 相關的機制目前我還不太清楚,也還不會去深究,只須要知道它拿到了數據就行。
申請一個 camera_memory_t 對應的 Buffers 空間後,就調用回調函數將元數據往上層進行傳輸了。
case CameraHalEvent::EVENT_METADATA:

     metaEvtData = evt->mEventData->metadataEvent;

     if ( ( NULL != mCameraHal ) &&
          ( NULL != mNotifyCb) &&
          ( mCameraHal->msgTypeEnabled(CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_METADATA) ) )
         {
         // WA for an issue inside CameraService
         camera_memory_t *tmpBuffer = mRequestMemory(-1, 1, 1, NULL);

         mDataCb(CAMERA_MSG_PREVIEW_METADATA,
                 tmpBuffer,
                 0,
                 metaEvtData->getMetadataResult(),
                 mCallbackCookie);

         metaEvtData.clear();

         if ( NULL != tmpBuffer ) {
             tmpBuffer->release(tmpBuffer);
         }

         }

     break;

流程簡圖
圖中標明瞭控制流程的主要調用順序,對於數據流暫不考究。
實際上,在 HAL 層與 Device 之間應該還有一層 Linux Kernel(drivers),但這目前已經超出我所須要瞭解的範圍,因此就先忽略掉了。
注意 HAL 層中,CameraHardwareInterface 是通用的入口,而真正實現與驅動層的對接是與平臺相關的,不一樣平臺有不一樣的實現方案。 

小結 本篇筆記中,咱們選定 Camera.startPreview() 方法做爲切入點,結合 hw_get_module() 相關內容,對其整個流程進行追蹤分析,從而對以前已有初步瞭解的 Camera 控制流邏輯有一個更全面的理解。 在 HAL 層中,涉及到了不一樣平臺的實現,並且這些具體實現仍是有比較大的區別的。 目前還不夠清楚的地方,就是 Event 、Binder 等 Android 內部機制的實現。 在下一篇,我開始整理 Camera 數據流的邏輯。因爲目前所探究的數據流相對來講比較簡單,主要就是幾個 callback 函數的調用邏輯,因此我打算結合初始化與控制流的部分,將整個 Camera 流程整理、結合起來,做爲這系列學習筆記的終結。  

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