Scala - 泛型

泛型

下面是相似於java的泛型,有三個類Shape(形狀)、Rectangle(長方形)、Square(正方形)。Shape是Rectangle的父類,Rectangle是Square的父類。因此咱們定義變量的時候,能夠聲明他爲Shape類型,在new的時候給具體的類型。
Draw1這裏有個泛型T,咱們能夠看到定義變量的時候,這裏的類型是不能有父子類關係的。java

object GenericDemo {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val shape1: Shape = new Shape()
    var shape2: Shape = new Rectangle()
    var shape3: Shape = new Square()
    val draw1: Draw1[Shape] = new Draw1[Shape]()
    // val draw2: Draw1[Shape] = new Draw1[Rectangle]() // error
    // val draw3: Draw1[Shape] = new Draw1[Square]() // error
  }
}

class Shape {

}

class Rectangle extends Shape {

}

class Square extends Rectangle {

}

class Draw1[T]() {

}

協變和逆變

上面不能編譯是由於Draw1[Shape]和new Draw1[Rectangle]並無父子關係,Scala經過協變能夠讓他們有父子關係:
在泛型T前面加一個+ide

class Draw2[+T]() {

}

而後在main函數中就能夠調用了:函數

val draw2: Draw2[Shape] = new Draw2[Rectangle]()
val draw3: Draw2[Shape] = new Draw2[Square]()

scala中還有逆變,就是顛倒Draw3[T]的父子關係:
在泛型T前面加一個-scala

class Draw3[-T]() {

}

而後在main函數中就能夠調用了:code

val draw4: Draw3[Rectangle] = new Draw3[Shape]()
val draw5: Draw3[Square] = new Draw3[Shape]()

上界下界

上界下界就是定義泛型的邊界。
好比Draw2經過<:Shape2來定義泛型的上界,那Draw2的參數就是Shape2類以及子類。printInfo方法是Shape2的方法,因此printInfo中能夠直接調用。t.printInfo()方法,
Draw3經過>:Rectangle2來定義泛型的下界,那Draw3的參數就是Rectangle2類以及父類,此時他只有Any的方法。get

object GenericDemo2 {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val draw1: Draw2[Shape2] = new Draw2(new Shape2())
    val draw2: Draw2[Shape2] = new Draw2(new Rectangle2())
    val draw3: Draw2[Shape2] = new Draw2(new Square2())
    draw1.printInfo() // 形狀
    draw2.printInfo() // 長方形
    draw3.printInfo() // 正方形
    println("-------------")
    val draw4: Draw3[Shape2] = new Draw3(new Shape2())
    val draw5: Draw3[Rectangle2] = new Draw3(new Rectangle2())
    //val draw6: Draw3[Square2] = new Draw3(new Square2()) // error
    draw4.printInfo() // class com.scala.learn12.Shape2
    draw5.printInfo() // class com.scala.learn12.Rectangle2
    // draw3.printInfo()
  }
}

class Shape2 {
  def printInfo(): Unit = {
    println("形狀")
  }
}

class Rectangle2 extends Shape2 {
  @Override
  override def printInfo(): Unit = {
    println("長方形")
  }
}

class Square2 extends Rectangle2 {
  @Override
  override def printInfo(): Unit = {
    println("正方形")
  }
}

class Draw2[T <: Shape2](t: T) {
  def printInfo(): Unit = {
    t.printInfo()
  }
}

class Draw3[T >: Rectangle2](t: T) {
  def printInfo(): Unit = {
    println(t.getClass())
  }
}
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