C#: ? ?? => {}

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 c# 欄目 C# 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1. ? – Nullable<T>

       
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      [SerializableAttribute] 
     
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      public struct Nullable<T> where T : struct, new()

C#裏像int, bool, double這樣的struct和enum類型都不能爲null。若是確實想在值域上加上null的話，Nullable就派上用場了。T?是Nullable&ly;T>的語法糖。要將T?轉爲T能夠經過類型轉換，或者經過T?的Value屬性，固然後者要高雅些。express

      
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      // Nullable<int> arg = -1; 
     
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      int? arg = -1; 
     
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      if (arg.HasValue) { 
     
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          // int value = (int)arg; 
     
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          int value = arg.Value; 
     
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      }

2. ?? – operator ??

o ?? v能夠看做是o == null ? v : o的語法糖。??運算符在左操做數非null時返回左操做數，不然返回右操做數。spa

      
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      string result = gao(); 
     
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      Console.WriteLine(result ?? "<NULL>");

3. => – lambda expression

看別人代碼的過程當中才發現原來C#也有lambda了，也才發現本身真的out了。固然，感受C#裏的lambda並無帶來什麼革命性的變化，更像是一個語法糖。畢竟這不是Scale，MS也有F#了。code

      
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      Func<double, double, double> hypot = (x, y) => Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y); 
     
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      Func<double, double, string> gao = (x, y) => 
     
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          { 
     
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              double z = hypot(x, y); 
     
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              return String.Format("{0} ^ 2 + {1} ^ 2 = {2} ^ 2", x, y, z); 
     
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          }; 
     
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      Console.WriteLine(gao(3, 4));

4. {} – initializer

collection initializer使得初始化一個List, Dictionary變得簡單。orm

      
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      List<string> list = new List<string>{"watashi", "rejudge"}; 
     
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      Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string> 
     
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      { 
     
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          {"watashi", "watashi wa watashi"}, 
     
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          {"rejudge", "-rejudge -pia2dea4"} 
     
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      };

而object initializer其實就是調用完成構造後執行屬性操做的語法糖，它使得代碼更加簡潔，段落有致。試比較：ip

      
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      Sequence activity = new Sequence() 
     
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      { 
     
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          DisplayName = "Root", 
     
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          Activities = 
     
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          { 
     
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              new If() 
     
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              { 
     
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                  Condition = true, 
     
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                  Else = new DoWhile() 
     
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                  { 
     
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                      Condition = false 
     
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                  } 
     
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              }, 
     
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              new WriteLine() 
     
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              { 
     
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                  DisplayName = "Hello", 
     
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                  Text = "Hello, World!" 
     
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              } 
     
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          } 
     
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      };

      
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      Sequence activity2 = new Sequence(); 
     
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      activity2.DisplayName = "Root"; 
     
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      If if2 = new If(); 
     
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      if2.Condition = true; 
     
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      DoWhile doWhile2 = new DoWhile(); 
     
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      doWhile2.Condition = false; 
     
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      if2.Else = doWhile2; 
     
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      activity2.Activities.Add(if2); 
     
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      WriteLine writeLine2 = new WriteLine(); 
     
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      writeLine2.DisplayName = "Hello"; 
     
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      writeLine2.Text = "Hello, World!"; 
     
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      activity2.Activities.Add(writeLine2);

5. { get; set; } – auto-implemented properties

又是一個方便的語法糖，只要簡單的一句ci

      
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      public string Caption { get; set; }

就能夠代替原來的一大段代碼。get

      
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      private string caption; 
     
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      public string Caption 
     
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      { 
     
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          get 
     
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          { 
     
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              return caption; 
     
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          } 
     
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          set 
     
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          { 
     
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              caption = value; 
     
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          } 
     
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      }

6. var – implicit type

var並非表明任意類型，畢竟C#是個強類型的語言。var只是個在聲明變量時代替實際的類型名的語法糖，只能使用在編譯器能根據上下文推出其實際類型的地方。這在類型名稱藏在好幾層namespace或class裏的時候，還有在foreach語句中很是有用。編譯器

      
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      foreach (var a in dict) 
     
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      { 
     
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          Console.WriteLine("{0} => {1}", a.Key, a.Value); 
     
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      }