Bag是一個java集合存儲元素無需關心順序,但容許列表中的重複元素。Bag是在列表中的對象的隨機分組。java
Collection集合被映射在該映射表中的<bag>元件和與java.util.ArrayList中初始化。mysql
考慮一個狀況,咱們須要員工記錄存儲在EMPLOYEE表,將有如下結構:web
create table EMPLOYEE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL, salary INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id));
此外,假設每一個員工均可以有一個或多個與他/她相關的證書。咱們將存儲證書的相關信息在一個單獨的表,該表具備如下結構:算法
create table CERTIFICATE ( id INT NOT NULL auto_increment, certificate_name VARCHAR(30) default NULL, employee_id INT default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id));
將有一個對多(one-to-many)在EMPLOYEE和證書對象之間。sql
讓咱們實現一個POJO類員工將被用於保存與EMPLOYEE表中的對象和有證書的列表變量的集合。數據庫
import java.util.*;public class Employee { private int id; private String firstName; private String lastName; private int salary; private Collection certificates; public Employee() {} public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) { this.firstName = fname; this.lastName = lname; this.salary = salary; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName( String first_name ) { this.firstName = first_name; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName( String last_name ) { this.lastName = last_name; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary( int salary ) { this.salary = salary; } public Collection getCertificates() { return certificates; } public void setCertificates( Collection certificates ) { this.certificates = certificates; }}
咱們須要相應的證書表定義另外一個POJO類,這樣的證書對象能夠存儲和檢索到的證書表。session
public class Certificate{ private int id; private String name; public Certificate() {} public Certificate(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId( int id ) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; }}
讓咱們開發指示Hibernate如何定義的類映射到數據庫表的映射文件。<bag>元素將被用來定義所使用的集合規則。app
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the employee detail. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <bag name="certificates" cascade="all"> <key column="employee_id"/> <one-to-many class="Certificate"/> </bag> <property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string"/> <property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string"/> <property name="salary" column="salary" type="int"/> </class> <class name="Certificate" table="CERTIFICATE"> <meta attribute="class-description"> This class contains the certificate records. </meta> <id name="id" type="int" column="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name" column="certificate_name" type="string"/> </class></hibernate-mapping>
應該保存的映射文件中的格式<classname>.hbm.xml。咱們保存映射文件Employee.hbm.xml。前面已經熟悉了大部分的映射細節,但讓咱們看到了映射文件中的全部元素再次:ide
映射文檔是具備<hibernate-mapping>爲對應於每個類包含2個<class>元素的根元素的XML文檔。ui
<class>元素被用於定義數據庫表從一個Java類特定的映射。 Java類名指定使用class元素的name屬性和使用表屬性數據庫表名指定。
<meta>元素是可選元素,能夠用來建立類的描述。
<id>元素映射在類中的惟一ID屬性到數據庫表的主鍵。 id元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換爲SQL數據類型。
id元素內的<generator>元素被用來自動生成的主鍵值。將生成元素的class屬性設置爲原生讓Hibernate拿起不管是identity,sequence或者hilo中的算法來建立主鍵根據底層數據庫的支持能力。
<property>元素用於一個Java類的屬性映射到數據庫表中的列。元素的name屬性是指屬性的類和column屬性是指在數據庫表中的列。 type屬性保存了Hibernate映射類型,這種類型的映射將會從Java轉換爲SQL數據類型。
<bag>元素用於設置證書和Employee類之間的關係。咱們使用cascade屬性的<bag>高的元素要告訴Hibernate來保存證書的對象,同時爲Employee對象。 name屬性被設置爲在父類中的definedCollection變量,在咱們的狀況下,它是證書。
<key>元素是包含外鍵的父對象,即在證書表中的列。表EMPLOYEE。
<one-to-many>元素表示一個Employee對象涉及到不少證書的對象,並所以,證書對象必須有與Employee父類有關聯。能夠根據須要使用<one-to-one>,<many-to-one>或<many-to-many>這個元素。
最後,咱們將建立應用程序類的main()方法來運行應用程序。咱們將使用這個應用程序,以節省一些員工的記錄連同的證書,而後咱們將申請CRUD操做上的記錄。
import java.util.*; import org.hibernate.HibernateException; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;public class ManageEmployee { private static SessionFactory factory; public static void main(String[] args) { try{ factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); }catch (Throwable ex) { System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee(); /* Let us have a set of certificates for the first employee */ ArrayList set1 = new ArrayList(); set1.add(new Certificate("MCA")); set1.add(new Certificate("MBA")); set1.add(new Certificate("PMP")); /* Add employee records in the database */ Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Manoj", "Kumar", 4000, set1); /* Another set of certificates for the second employee */ ArrayList set2 = new ArrayList(); set2.add(new Certificate("BCA")); set2.add(new Certificate("BA")); /* Add another employee record in the database */ Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Dilip", "Kumar", 3000, set2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); /* Update employee's salary records */ ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000); /* Delete an employee from the database */ ME.deleteEmployee(empID2); /* List down all the employees */ ME.listEmployees(); } /* Method to add an employee record in the database */ public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary, ArrayList cert){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; Integer employeeID = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary); employee.setCertificates(cert); employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } return employeeID; } /* Method to list all the employees detail */ public void listEmployees( ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list(); for (Iterator iterator1 = employees.iterator(); iterator1.hasNext();){ Employee employee = (Employee) iterator1.next(); System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName()); System.out.print(" Last Name: " + employee.getLastName()); System.out.println(" Salary: " + employee.getSalary()); Collection certificates = employee.getCertificates(); for (Iterator iterator2 = certificates.iterator(); iterator2.hasNext();){ Certificate certName = (Certificate) iterator2.next(); System.out.println("Certificate: " + certName.getName()); } } tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to update salary for an employee */ public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary ){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); employee.setSalary( salary ); session.update(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } } /* Method to delete an employee from the records */ public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){ Session session = factory.openSession(); Transaction tx = null; try{ tx = session.beginTransaction(); Employee employee = (Employee)session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID); session.delete(employee); tx.commit(); }catch (HibernateException e) { if (tx!=null) tx.rollback(); e.printStackTrace(); }finally { session.close(); } }}
下面是步驟來編譯並運行上述應用程序。請確保已在進行的編譯和執行以前,適當地設置PATH和CLASSPATH。
建立hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件中配置章節解釋。
建立Employee.hbm.xml映射文件,如上圖所示。
建立Employee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
建立Certificate.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
建立ManageEmployee.java源文件,如上圖所示,並編譯它。
執行ManageEmployee二進制文件來運行程序。
會在屏幕上得到如下結果,並同時記錄會在員工和證書表被建立。能夠看到證書已排序順序相反。能夠經過改變映射文件試試,只需設置sort="natural"和執行程序,並比較結果。
$java ManageEmployee.......VARIOUS LOG MESSAGES WILL DISPLAY HERE........First Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 4000Certificate: MCACertificate: MBACertificate: PMPFirst Name: Dilip Last Name: Kumar Salary: 3000Certificate: BCACertificate: BAFirst Name: Manoj Last Name: Kumar Salary: 5000Certificate: MCACertificate: MBACertificate: PMP
若是檢查員工和證書表,就應該記錄下了:
mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;+----+------------+-----------+--------+| id | first_name | last_name | salary |+----+------------+-----------+--------+| 53 | Manoj | Kumar | 5000 |+----+------------+-----------+--------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from CERTIFICATE;+----+------------------+-------------+| id | certificate_name | employee_id |+----+------------------+-------------+| 11 | MCA | 53 || 12 | MBA | 53 || 13 | PMP | 53 |+----+------------------+-------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)