極光推送經驗之談-Java後臺服務器實現極光推送的兩種實現方式

原創做品,能夠轉載,可是請標註出處地址http://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/6439313.htmlhtml

Java後臺實現極光推送有兩種方式,一種是使用極光推送官方提供的推送請求API:https://api.jpush.cn/v3/push,另外一種則是使用官方提供的第三方Java SDK,這裏先進行第一種方式推送的實現代碼:java

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;

/**
 * java後臺極光推送方式一:使用Http API
 * 此種方式須要自定義http請求發送客戶端:HttpClient
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "restriction" })
public class JiguangPush {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JiguangPush.class);
    private String masterSecret = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
    private String appKey = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
    private String pushUrl = "https://api.jpush.cn/v3/push";    
    private boolean apns_production = true;    
    private int time_to_live = 86400;
    private static final String ALERT = "推送信息";    
    /**
     * 極光推送
     */
    public void jiguangPush(){
        String alias = "123456";//聲明別名
        try{
            String result = push(pushUrl,alias,ALERT,appKey,masterSecret,apns_production,time_to_live);
            JSONObject resData = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
                if(resData.containsKey("error")){
                    log.info("針對別名爲" + alias + "的信息推送失敗!");
                    JSONObject error = JSONObject.fromObject(resData.get("error"));
                    log.info("錯誤信息爲:" + error.get("message").toString());
                }
            log.info("針對別名爲" + alias + "的信息推送成功!");
        }catch(Exception e){
            log.error("針對別名爲" + alias + "的信息推送失敗!",e);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 組裝極光推送專用json串
     * @param alias
     * @param alert
     * @return json
     */
    public static JSONObject generateJson(String alias,String alert,boolean apns_production,int time_to_live){
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        JSONArray platform = new JSONArray();//平臺
        platform.add("android");
        platform.add("ios");
        
        JSONObject audience = new JSONObject();//推送目標
        JSONArray alias1 = new JSONArray();
        alias1.add(alias);
        audience.put("alias", alias1);
        
        JSONObject notification = new JSONObject();//通知內容
        JSONObject android = new JSONObject();//android通知內容
        android.put("alert", alert);
        android.put("builder_id", 1);
        JSONObject android_extras = new JSONObject();//android額外參數
        android_extras.put("type", "infomation");
        android.put("extras", android_extras);
        
        JSONObject ios = new JSONObject();//ios通知內容
        ios.put("alert", alert);
        ios.put("sound", "default");
        ios.put("badge", "+1");
        JSONObject ios_extras = new JSONObject();//ios額外參數
        ios_extras.put("type", "infomation");
        ios.put("extras", ios_extras);
        notification.put("android", android);
        notification.put("ios", ios);
        
        JSONObject options = new JSONObject();//設置參數
        options.put("time_to_live", Integer.valueOf(time_to_live));
        options.put("apns_production", apns_production);
        
        json.put("platform", platform);
        json.put("audience", audience);
        json.put("notification", notification);
        json.put("options", options);
        return json;
        
    }
    
    /**
     * 推送方法-調用極光API
     * @param reqUrl
     * @param alias
     * @param alert
     * @return result
     */
    public static String push(String reqUrl,String alias,String alert,String appKey,String masterSecret,boolean apns_production,int time_to_live){
        String base64_auth_string = encryptBASE64(appKey + ":" + masterSecret);
        String authorization = "Basic " + base64_auth_string;
        return sendPostRequest(reqUrl,generateJson(alias,alert,apns_production,time_to_live).toString(),"UTF-8",authorization);
    }
    
    /**
     * 發送Post請求(json格式)
     * @param reqURL
     * @param data
     * @param encodeCharset
     * @param authorization
     * @return result
     */
    @SuppressWarnings({ "resource" })
    public static String sendPostRequest(String reqURL, String data, String encodeCharset,String authorization){
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(reqURL);
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpResponse response = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
             StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(data, encodeCharset);
             entity.setContentType("application/json");
             httpPost.setEntity(entity);
             httpPost.setHeader("Authorization",authorization.trim());
             response = client.execute(httpPost);
             result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), encodeCharset);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("請求通訊[" + reqURL + "]時偶遇異常,堆棧軌跡以下", e);  
        }finally{
            client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
        return result;
    }
     /** 
    * BASE64加密工具
    */
public static String encryptBASE64(String str) { byte[] key = str.getBytes(); BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder(); String strs = base64Encoder.encodeBuffer(key); return strs; } }

  以上代碼中使用的是第一種方式實現推送,下面介紹第二種方式:使用java SDKandroid

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import cn.jiguang.common.ClientConfig;
import cn.jiguang.common.resp.APIConnectionException;
import cn.jiguang.common.resp.APIRequestException;
import cn.jpush.api.JPushClient;
import cn.jpush.api.push.PushResult;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.Options;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.Platform;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.PushPayload;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.audience.Audience;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.notification.AndroidNotification;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.notification.IosNotification;
import cn.jpush.api.push.model.notification.Notification;


/**
 * java後臺極光推送方式二:使用Java SDK
 */
@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "restriction" })
public class JiguangPush {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JiguangPush.class);
    private static String masterSecret = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
    private static String appKey = "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
    private static final String ALERT = "推送信息";    
    /**
     * 極光推送
     */
    public void jiguangPush(){
        String alias = "123456";//聲明別名
        log.info("對別名" + alias + "的用戶推送信息");
        PushResult result = push(String.valueOf(alias),ALERT);
        if(result != null && result.isResultOK()){
            log.info("針對別名" + alias + "的信息推送成功!");
        }else{
            log.info("針對別名" + alias + "的信息推送失敗!");
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 生成極光推送對象PushPayload(採用java SDK)
     * @param alias
     * @param alert
     * @return PushPayload
     */
    public static PushPayload buildPushObject_android_ios_alias_alert(String alias,String alert){
        return PushPayload.newBuilder()
                .setPlatform(Platform.android_ios())
                .setAudience(Audience.alias(alias))
                .setNotification(Notification.newBuilder()
                        .addPlatformNotification(AndroidNotification.newBuilder()
                                .addExtra("type", "infomation")
                                .setAlert(alert)
                                .build())
                        .addPlatformNotification(IosNotification.newBuilder()
                                .addExtra("type", "infomation")
                                .setAlert(alert)
                                .build())
                        .build())
                .setOptions(Options.newBuilder()
                        .setApnsProduction(false)//true-推送生產環境 false-推送開發環境(測試使用參數)
                        .setTimeToLive(90)//消息在JPush服務器的失效時間(測試使用參數)
                        .build())
                .build();
    }
    /**
     * 極光推送方法(採用java SDK)
     * @param alias
     * @param alert
     * @return PushResult
     */
    public static PushResult push(String alias,String alert){
        ClientConfig clientConfig = ClientConfig.getInstance();
        JPushClient jpushClient = new JPushClient(masterSecret, appKey, null, clientConfig);
        PushPayload payload = buildPushObject_android_ios_alias_alert(alias,alert);
        try {
            return jpushClient.sendPush(payload);
        } catch (APIConnectionException e) {
            log.error("Connection error. Should retry later. ", e);
            return null;
        } catch (APIRequestException e) {
            log.error("Error response from JPush server. Should review and fix it. ", e);
            log.info("HTTP Status: " + e.getStatus());
            log.info("Error Code: " + e.getErrorCode());
            log.info("Error Message: " + e.getErrorMessage());
            log.info("Msg ID: " + e.getMsgId());
            return null;
        }    
    }
}

  能夠看出使用Java SDK實現推送的方式很簡單,代碼量也少,理解起來也不難,官方提供的SDK中將不少內容都實現了,咱們只是須要配置一下信息,而後發起推送便可。須要注意的是使用第二種方式,須要導入極光官網提供的jar包。ios

  直接在maven中的pom文件中加入:數據庫

<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.jpush.api</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpush-client</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.15</version>
</dependency>

  注意:在這裏極有可能會出現jar包衝突:具體哪一個包我也忘記了,好像是個日誌包,找到後刪除便可,我曾經記錄過這個jar包衝突問題,詳見jar包衝突解決apache

  本來咱們項目中也是採用第二種方式實現的,可是最後在提交代碼時發現一個問題,那就是雖然咱們只是帶導入了官網提供的那個jar包,可是最後一統計,居然平白無故增多了80+個jar包,如此多的jar包提交過於臃腫,並且不現實,因此才臨時改變方案,採用第一種方式進行編碼。json

  代碼中採用的是別名方式進行推送,須要在在手機APP端進行別名設置,最好就是在用戶登陸以後就設置好,這樣只要用戶登陸一次,它的綁定別名就能夠保存到極光服務器,而咱們推送時,指定這個別名,就能將信息推送到對應用戶的手機上。api

  其實咱們發起推送請求,只是將信息發送到了極光服務器之上,這個信息有一個保存時限,默認一天,只要用戶使用手機APP登陸系統,極光服務器就會將信息自動推送到對應別名的手機上,因而可知,信息並不是由咱們後臺直接推送到手機,而是經過極光服務器這個中轉站,而這正式極光的工做。安全

  注意:這裏告知一個技巧,這個別名設置的時候,其實直接將用戶ID設置爲別名便可,既方便,又安全,不用再去想辦法生成一個惟一的串來進行標識,甚至須要在後臺數據庫中用戶表中新增字段。服務器

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