【轉載】科學計算軟件包python(x,y)簡介

python是一種面向對象的動態類型編程語言，自Guido van Rossum於1989年創立以來，已經有了整整20年的歷史。的語法簡潔優美，接近天然語言，數據結構與內存管理簡潔明瞭，學習門檻低，程序調試容易，編制程序效率很高。的良好支持，擁有強大的標準庫，而且能夠任意擴充，這使它成爲一種用途普遍的「膠水語言」。用C和C++編寫高性能的函數庫，並用python處理複雜的數據結構，執行函數調用，即可以作到兼顧編寫效率和執行效率：編寫和調試簡單，執行起來也很快。

    因爲python學習門檻低，並能夠兼顧編寫效率和執行效率，令它成爲廣受青睞的科學計算語言。不少研究組都爲python編寫擴展庫，以實現豐富多樣的科學計算功能。但逐個配置函數庫很是麻煩而且容易出錯，迫切須要簡化配置過程。python(x,y)是一個基於python的科學計算軟件包，收集了衆多的函數庫以及文檔、教程，並配備了可視化的程序界面和集成開發環境，很是方便科研人員使用。

    python(x,y)目前的穩定版本爲2.6.2，包含集成開發環境Eclipse和python開發插件pydev、數據交互式編輯和可視化工具spyder、基礎數學庫numpy和高級數學庫scipy、3D可視化工具集MayaVi、python界面開發庫PyQt、python與C/C++混合編譯器SWIG，以及其餘多種數學軟件庫，並配備了豐富齊全的幫助文檔。對於水文專業應用來說，目前尚不包含處理地理數據必須的GDAL庫，正在開發中的2.6.3版本即將包含。

    擴展庫名稱 版本號 英文介紹 中文介紹

Python及其擴展庫

Python 2.6.2 Python standard libraries Python標準庫

xy 1.1.0 xy is a module that gathers all Python(x,y) tools 集成全部python(x,y)包含的函數庫和工具

xydoc 1.0.3 Collection of all freely available help files and examples on Python language and its libraries python(x,y)的文檔管理程序

PyQt 4.5.4 Cross-platform Application Framework: GUI, widgets, SQL, OpenGL, XML, Unicode ...(Dependencies: PyQt4, spyder, xydoc, ipython, scipy) 跨平臺的應用程序框架，提供圖形用戶界面，數據庫和多國語言支持

Spyder 1.0.1 Scientific Python Development EnviRonment: designed for interactive computing and data visualisation with a simple and intuitive user interface(Dependencies: PyQt4) 用於科學計算的Python集成開發環境，能夠進行交互式計算和數據可視化

formlayout 1.0.5 Module for creating form dialogs/widgets to edit various type of parameters without having to write any GUI code(Dependencies: PyQt4) 建立用於編輯參數的對話框和窗口部件

QtHelp 4.5.2 Complete Qt documentation for Qt Assistant(Dependencies: PyQt4) 完整的Qt庫幫助文檔

PyQwt 5.2.0 2D plotting library (set of Python bindings for the Qwt library featuring fast plotting)(Dependencies: PyQt4) 基於Qt的二維繪圖庫

wxPython 2.8.10.1 Cross-platform GUI library 跨平臺的圖形用戶界面庫

NumPy 1.3.0 Multidimensional arrays support and basic operations (SciPy's core module)(Dependencies: nose) 多維數組支持

SciPy 0.7.1 Advanced math, signal processing, optimization, statistics, ...(Dependencies: numpy) 高級數學庫，包括符號計算、優化、統計等功能

numexpr 1.3.1 Fast evaluation of array expressions elementwise by using a vector-based virtual machine(Dependencies: numpy) 基於向量的虛擬機，能夠更快的計算含有數組的表達式

Matplotlib 0.99.1 2D plotting library (embeddable in GUIs created with PyQt)(Dependencies: numpy) 二維繪圖庫

gnuplot 1.8 Complete plotting package: include the popular open-source plotting program gnuplot (v4.2.5) and the Python interface 開源繪圖工具gnuplot

PIL 1.1.6 Python Imaging Library - Image processing library Python圖像處理庫

IPython 0.10 Enhanced Python shell(Dependencies: pyreadline) 增強的python命令行工具

Pyreadline 1.5 IPython needs this module to display color text in Windows console 在windows中顯示彩色的命令行

SetupTools 0.6.9 Download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages - easily 下載、編譯、安裝、升級、卸載python包的輔助程序

ETS 3.3.0 Enthought Tool Suite: MayaVi 2 (powerful 2D and 3D scientific visualization tool), Traits, Chaco, ...(Dependencies: wxPython, vtk, setuptools) Enthought公司提供的python工具，包括MayaVi(2D和3D數據可視化)、Traits、Chaco等等

VTK 5.4.2 Open-source software system for visualization, 3D graphics, volume rendering and image processing 開源的3D可視化工具庫，用於處理超大規模的三維數據

ITK 3.16 Open-source software system for medical image processing (leading-edge segmentation and registration algorithms) 開源的3D醫學影像處理庫

mx 3.1.2 eGenix.com mx Base Distribution: mxDateTime, mxTextTools, mxProxy, mxBeeBase, mxURL, mxUID, mxStack, mxQueue and mxTools eGenix.com公司提供的python庫，提供數據庫鏈接、文本處理、網絡功能

pydicom 0.9.3.1 Pure python package for working with DICOM files (medical imaging) 讀取醫學影像文件DICOM

PyOpenGL 3.0.1a3 Cross platform Python binding to OpenGL and related APIs 使用python操做OpenGL繪製3D圖形

VPython 5.13 Creation of 3D interactive models of physical systems 創建可交互的3D物理系統模型

SymPy 0.6.5 Symbolic Mathematics Library 符號計算庫

PyWavelets 0.1.6 Wavelet transforms module 小波變換庫

scikits.timeseries 0.91.2 Module for manipulating, reporting, and plotting time series of various frequencies 時間序列庫

OpenCV 1.1pre1a Intel image processing library with Computer Vision algorithms, Copyright © 2000-2006, Intel Corporation, all rights reserved Intel提供的圖像處理庫

NetworkX 1.0rc1 Creation, manipulation, and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions of complex networks 用於研究複雜網絡的庫

MDP 2.5 Modular toolkit for Data Processing - Collection of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms(Dependencies: numpy, scipy) 模塊化的數據處理庫——監督與非監督學習

PyTables 2.1.2 Package based on HDF5 library for managing hierarchical datasets (extremely large amounts of data)(Dependencies: numpy) 用於讀取和編輯HDF5數據集的庫

vitables 2.0 Graphical tool for browsing and editing files in both HDF5 and PyTables formats(Dependencies: tables) 用於讀取和編輯HDF5和pyTables格式的圖形化工具

h5py 1.2.1 General-purpose Python interface to HDF5 files (unlike PyTables, h5py provides direct access to the full HDF5 C library) 提供對HDF5的C程序庫的直接訪問

PP 1.5.7 Parallel Python - Parallel execution of Python code on systems with multiple processors or cores, and clusters Python並行計算庫，支持多核和集羣

Pywin32 2.14 Python library for Windows Python的win32庫

pyvisa 1.3 Control all kinds of measurement equipment through various busses (GPIB, RS232, USB) USB支持庫

PyParallel 0.2.0 Library encapsulating the access for the parallel port 並口庫

PySerial 2.4.0 Library encapsulating the access for the serial port 串口庫

Cython 0.11.3 Cython is a language that makes writing C extensions for the Python language as easy as Python Cython讓爲python寫c擴展更容易

psyco 1.6 Specializing compiler which can massively speed up the execution of any Python code 極大提高python語言執行效率的編譯器

py2exe 0.6.9 Deployment tool which converts Python scripts into stand-alone Windows executables (i.e. target machine does not require Python or any other library to be installed) 將python腳本編譯爲exe文件

Sphinx 0.6.3 Tool for generating documentation which uses reStructuredText as its markup language(Dependencies: docutils, jinja2, pygments) 用reStructuredText做爲標記語言生成文檔

docutils 0.5.0 Text processing system for processing plaintext documentation into useful formats, such as HTML or LaTeX (includes reStructuredText) 文本處理系統，將純文本文件轉化爲HTML或LaTeX

jinja2 2.2.1 Sandboxed template engine (provides a Django-like non-XML syntax and compiles templates into executable python code) 沙箱模板引擎

pygments 1.1.1 Generic syntax highlighter for general use in all kinds of software 基本的語法高亮

ReportLab 2.3 The PDF generation library 生成PDF

rst2pdf 0.12.1 Tool for transforming reStructuredText to PDF using ReportLab(Dependencies: reportlab, simplejson) 將reStructuredText轉化爲PDF

simplejson 2.0.9 Simple, fast, extensible JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder JavaScript支持庫

xlutils 1.4.1 Utilities for working with Excel files (includes xlrd, xlwt and errorhandler modules) 支持讀取excel文件

nose 0.11.1 nose is a discovery-based unittest extension (e.g. NumPy test module is using nose) 單元測試庫

pylint 0.18.1 Logilab code analysis module: analyzes Python source code looking for bugs and signs of poor quality Python源碼分析器，用於檢查性能瓶頸和bug

winpdb 1.4.6 Python debugger with support for multiple threads, namespace modification, embedded debugging, encrypted communication and is up to 20 times faster than pdb(Dependencies: wxPython) Windows下的python調試器

Eclipse插件

Eclipse 3.5.1 Cross-platform Integrated Development Environment 跨平臺的集成開發環境

Pydev 1.5.0 Python Development environment(Dependencies: eclipse) Eclipse中的python開發插件

CDT 6.0.1 C/C++ Development Environment(Dependencies: eclipse) Eclipse中的C/C++開發插件

Photran 5.0.0 Fortran Development Environment(Dependencies: eclipse, CDT) Eclipse中的fortran開發插件

Qt Eclipse Integration 1.5.2 Qt design tools within Eclipse(Dependencies: eclipse) Eclipse中的Qt開發插件

Start Explorer 0.5.0 Integration of the Windows Explorer into Eclipse(Dependencies: eclipse) 在Eclipse中集成windows資源管理器

Wicked Shell 2.0.4 Windows command shell with code-completion and history management(Dependencies: eclipse) 在Eclipse中集成windows命令行

其餘

Console 2.0.144 Windows console window enhancement 增強的Windows命令行窗口

SciTE 2.01 SCIntilla based Text Editor - Multilanguage, powerful and light-weight text editor 功能強大的輕量級文本編輯器

WinMerge 2.12.4 Open Source differencing and merging tool for Windows 文本文件對比與合併工具

MinGW 4.4.0 Windows specific header files and import libraries, C/C++ and Fortran compilers :GCC Core, G77, G++ 3.4.5 ;BinUtils 2.17.50 ;Make 3.81 ;Runtime 3.15.1 ;W32API 3.12. GCC編譯器windows版

SWIG 1.3.40 SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) is a compiler that integrates C and C++ with several languages including Python 混合編譯C/C++與python語言

gettext 0.14.4.1 GNU gettext Win32 porting - the GNU translation tool (useful tools for pygettext, a standard library module) GNU幫助文檔翻譯工具