定義java
public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos, Object dest, int destPos, int length);
能夠看到,它是一個靜態本地方法,由虛擬機實現,效率天然比用java一個個複製高數組
方法含義
從源數組src取元素,範圍爲下標srcPos到srcPos+length-1,取出共length個元素,存放到目標數組中,存放位置爲下標destPos到destPos+length-1spa
簡單說,就是數組間的複製code
應用
經常使用做數組的擴容,如ArrayList底層數組的擴容對象
參數繼承
過程詳解
如下面這個例子進行分析element
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = new int[5]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 1, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* 0 1 2 3 4 */
src = |1|2|3|4| dest = |0|0|0|0|0| 執行System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 1, 4);時 第一步:從源數組(src)中,從下標0開始取,取4個,也就是src[0]-src[3],即1 2 3 4四個數 第二步:把取出的數,按順序,存放到目標數組(dest)中,從下標1開始存,存4個,也就是dest[1]-dest[4] 因此數組dest爲:|0|1|2|3|4|
再來一個例子字符串
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] src = {"aa", "bb", "cc", "cc"}; String[] dest = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}; System.arraycopy(src, 1, dest, 2, 2); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* a b bb cc e */
String[] src = |"aa"|"bb"|"cc"|"cc"| String[] dest = |"a"|"b"|"c"|"d"|"e"| 執行 System.arraycopy(src, 1, dest, 2, 2);時 第一步:從源數組(src)中,從下標1開始取,取2個,也就是src[1]-src[2],即"bb" "cc"兩個字符串 第二步:把取出的數,按順序,存放到目標數組(dest)中,從下標2開始存,存2個,也就是dest[2]-dest[3] 因此數組dest爲:|"a"|"b"|"bb"|"cc"|"e"|
注意,目標數組下標範圍外的元素不會改變!get
- 這裏說的影響,是兩個數組複製後對應的元素,並不必定是下標對應
- String的特殊是由於它的不可變性
1. 一維數組,元素爲基本類型虛擬機
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { String str1 = "aa"; String str2 = "bb"; String str3 = "cc"; String str4 = "dd"; String[] src = {str1, str2, str3, str4}; String[] dest = new String[4]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); System.out.println("改變前"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); src[0] = "abcd"; System.out.println("改變後"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); } private static void print(String string, String[] arr) { System.out.print(string); for (String str : arr) { System.out.print(str + " "); } System.out.println(); } } /* 改變前 src = aa bb cc dd dest = aa bb cc dd 改變後 src = abcd bb cc dd dest = aa bb cc dd */
能夠看到,源數組第0個元素改變,並不會影響到目標數組
2. 多維數組
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] arr1 = {1, 2}; int[] arr2 = {3, 4}; int[] arr3 = {5, 6}; int[] arr4 = {7, 8}; int[][] src = new int[][]{arr1, arr2, arr3, arr4}; int[][] dest = new int[4][]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); System.out.println("改變前"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); src[0][0] = 11111; System.out.println("改變後"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); } // 簡單輸出二維int數組的方法 private static void print(String string, int[][] arr) { System.out.print(string); for (int[] a : arr) { for (int i : a) { System.out.print(i + " "); } System.out.print(","); } System.out.println(); } } /* 改變前 src = 1 2 ,3 4 ,5 6 ,7 8 , dest = 1 2 ,3 4 ,5 6 ,7 8 , 改變後 src = 11111 2 ,3 4 ,5 6 ,7 8 , dest = 11111 2 ,3 4 ,5 6 ,7 8 , */
源數組改變後,目標數組也跟改變了,這就是淺複製
3. 一維數組,元素爲引用類型
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { People p1 = new People(11, "A"); People p2 = new People(12, "B"); People p3 = new People(13, "C"); People p4 = new People(14, "D"); People[] src = new People[]{p1, p2, p3, p4}; People[] dest = new People[4]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); System.out.println("改變前"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); src[0].setAge(111); src[0].setName("AAA"); System.out.println("改變後"); print("src = ", src); print("dest = ", dest); } private static void print(String string, People[] arr) { System.out.print(string); for (People p : arr) { System.out.print(p + ", "); } System.out.println(); } } public class People { private int age; private String name; // get set constructor toString } /* 改變前 src = People{age=11, name='A'}, People{age=12, name='B'}, People{age=13, name='C'}, People{age=14, name='D'}, dest = People{age=11, name='A'}, People{age=12, name='B'}, People{age=13, name='C'}, People{age=14, name='D'}, 改變後 src = People{age=111, name='AAA'}, People{age=12, name='B'}, People{age=13, name='C'}, People{age=14, name='D'}, dest = People{age=111, name='AAA'}, People{age=12, name='B'}, People{age=13, name='C'}, People{age=14, name='D'}, */
源數組改變後,目標數組也跟改變了,這就是淺複製
總結:只有數組爲一維數組,而且元素爲基本類型或String類型時,纔是深複製,其它都屬於淺複製
異常
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ArrayStoreException NullPointerException
1. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
當數組越界時,拋出異常:ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
代碼演示
// 1. srcPos < 0 || destPos < 0 || length < 0 public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = new int[5]; System.arraycopy(src, -1, dest, 0, 0); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */ // 2. src.length < length + srcPos public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = new int[5]; System.arraycopy(arr, 1, dest, 0, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */ // 3. dest.length < length + destPos public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = new int[3]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */
2. ArrayStoreException
當兩數據的元素類型不匹配時,拋出異常:ArrayStoreException
src元素爲dest元素的子類時,是能夠複製的,特殊地,int不是Object的子類(或者說,不存在繼承的概念),因此,下例中,把int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4};改成Integer[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4};,是不會報錯的
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; Object[] dest = new Object[3]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayStoreException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */ public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { Object[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = new int[3]; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayStoreException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */
3. NullPointerException
當兩個數組,有一個爲null時,拋出異常:NullPointerException
public class SystemArrayCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] src = {1, 2, 3, 4}; int[] dest = null; System.arraycopy(src, 0, dest, 0, 4); for (Object o : dest) { System.out.println(o); } } } /* Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException at java.lang.System.arraycopy(Native Method) at com.balsam.sources.SystemArrayCopy.main(SystemArrayCopy.java:13) */